Introduction to the Philosophy of Science

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Introduction to the philosophy of science

Foreword

Contents
1. Science as an Intellectual Activity
Growth of Knowledge
Objectivity and the External World
Prediction and Explanation
2. Induction
Baconian Induction
Presuppositionless Observation
The Role of Imagination in Scientific Theorizing
Inductive Proof
3. Falsification
 Popperian Philosophy of Science
A Bayesian Approach
4. Science and Non-Science
The Demarcation Criterion
Are Theories ever Falsified?
Kuhnian Relativism
The Relationship between the History and Philosophy of Science
5. Observation.and Theory
Observational Common Ground between Theories
Observation and Theory
Empiricism
Unobservability and Underdetermination of Theory by Data
6. Scientific Realism
Positivism
The Inference to the Best Explanation
Scientific Laws and the Representation of Reality
The Absolute View of the World
Partial Pictures: Schrödinger's Cat
7. Probability
Probabilistic Explanations
Interpretations of Probability
8. Scientific Reductions
Reductions in the Physical Sciences
Criteria for Reduction
9. Science and Culture
Science as Mythology
Myths and Science
Science and Technology
Science and Value
Suggestions for Further Reading
Index

I
Science as an Intellectual Activity

some

Growth of Knowledge
 Objectivity and the External World

Prediction and Explanation

always

Mathematical Principlesmore
 2
Induction
Baconian Induction

Novum Organum

Francis Bacon

Novum Organum

Novum Organum
Novum Organum

Novum Organum
Novum Organum

Novum Organum

Presuppositionless Observation
 Presuppositionless Observation

everything

Francis Bacon
Philosophy of Natural Science

everything,

The Role of the Imagination in Scientific Theorizing

The Role of the Imagination in Scientific Theorizing

Objective Knowledge

pace
 Inductive Proof
always

probablelikely

how

whichhowhow

Problems and Projects

when
 3
Falsification
Popperian Philosophy of Science

all

had

unlikely

past

A Bayesian Approach
The Logic of Scientific Discoveryad hoc.

testableexplanationsuniversal

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

beneathbeyond

bothand

increases,

decreases

our
 4
Science and Non-Science
The Demarcation Criterion

discovery.

justification

Conjectures and Refutations

Are Theories ever Falsified?

Logic of Scientific Discovery

Only with reference to the methods applied

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

Kuhnian Relativism
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

GestaltGestalt
vice versa.

Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge

The Relationship between the History and Philosophy of

Science

revolutions

régimeancient régime.

Our Knowledge of the Growth of Knowledge

scientifically
 5
Observation and Theory
Observational Common Ground between Theories

seeingseeing

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

 Observation and Theory

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

it

Empiricism
intelligible

his Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation

about

Unobservability and Underdetermination of Theory by

Data
 In Meaning and the Moral Sciences

being an object

op cit

any

Progress and Its Problems

van Fraassen, The Scientific Image

De Motu

De Motu

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy are of interest

Hume

existence
 6
Scientific Realism
Positivism

Representing and Intervening

The Scientific Image

The Inference to the Best Explanation

qua

must

The Philosophy of Karl Popper

seeing

Representing and Intervening

Representing and Intervening

only

as if

The Scientific Image

and
 Physical Review Letters

in fact

The Scientific Image

Scientific Laws and the Representation of Reality

no

ad hoc

Objective Knowledge
Collected Papers

How the Laws of Physics Lie

 How the Laws of Physics Lie

The Absolute View of the World

Meditations

Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry

philosophical

Partial Pictures: Schrödinger's Cat

The Quantum World

fuzziness
fuzziness

The Quantum World

7
Probability

Probabilistic Explanations

tendsprobableall

could
 Probability and Evidence

Essays on Actions and Events

proportion

How the Laws of Physics Lie

tendency

Interpretations of Probability

Philosophical Essay on Probability

 The Philosophy of Natural Science

Tractatus LogicoPhilosophicus

Studies in Subjective Philosophy

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

Probability and Evidence

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

evidence
 Probability and Evidence

nothingthisway

Realism and the Aim of Science

propensity

Realism and the Aim of Science

Quantum Theory or the Schism in Physics

 8
Scientific Reductions

Reductions in the Physical Sciences

The Open Universe

The Open Universe

all causation was push,

Sidelights on Relativity'nothing else

The Open Universe

The Open UniverseSidelights on Relativity

The Open Universe

 Criteria for Reduction

disciplinesterminus ultimus

The Philosophy of Natural Science

Mind, Language and Reality

eitheror

some

The Nature of Selection

 The Nature of Selection

scientific

Towards a Theoretical Biology

9
Science and Culture

Science as Mythology
the

intelligibilia

rationallyappropriate

Myths and Science

laissez-faire

zeitgeistliche

The Origin of Species

ad nauseam

Science and Technology

 The Oxford History of the Classical World

Realism and the Aim of Science

qua

designevolutionary trajectory.

Critical Review

Science and Value

From Knowledge to Wisdom

science
Science and Human Values

From Knowledge to Wisdom

From Knowledge to Wisdom

The Science Question in Feminism

life.

Nor Shall My Sword

Nor Shall My Sword

The View from Nowhere

 Suggestions for Further Reading
Philosophy of Natural ScienceAspects of Scientific ExplanationThe Structure of
ScienceRepresenting and Intervening

Novum OrganumA System of LogicConjectures and RefutationsLogic of Scientific

DiscoveryObjective KnowledgeThe Foundations of Scientific InferenceScience and Scepticism

Criticism of the Growth of KnowledgeThe Structure of Scientific RevolutionsAgainst

MethodKnowledge of the Growth of KnowledgePhilosophical ReviewMind and
CosmosScientific RevolutionsProgress and its ProblemsThe Rationality of Science

Patterns of DiscoveryBeyond the Edge of CertaintyWord and ObjectOntological

RelativityMind, Language and RealityNaming and Necessity

Sameness and Substance

The Scientific ImageImages of ScienceRepresenting and InterveningHow the Laws of Physics

LieWays of WorldmakingRevolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science

Logical Foundations of ProbabilityA Treatise on ProbabilityThe Theory of ProbabilityThe

Foundations of StatisticsProbability, Statistics and TruthLogic on Scientific DiscoveryAn
Objective Theory of ProbabilityThe Matter of ChanceProbability and Evidence

The Open UniverseThe Self and Its BrainMind, Language and Reality

Scientific Realism and the Plasticity of MindNeurophilosophy

Scientific Knowledge and Sociological TheoryKnowledge and Social ImageryPhilosophy and

the New Physics

From Knowledge to WisdomThe View from NowhereThe Element of Fire

Index

passim
passim