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The unit weight is the weight per unit volume of a material. The unit
weight, or density, of concrete varies with the amount and density of the
aggregate, and the water and cement contents. Conventional concrete used
in structures, such as buildings and pavements, has a unit weight in the
range of 140 to 150 pounds per cubic foot.
The unit weight is determined by the formula:
D = (Mc Mm) / Vm
Where:
D
Wc
Wm
Vm
=
Volume of the measure (usually about 0.25 ft3 for a
pressure meter base)
To determine the unit weight of freshly mixed concrete, you will need a
cylindrical metal container.
Procedure:
1. First determine the weight of the container (Wm)
2. Fill the measure with fresh concrete consolidated in three
layers, as described for the air-content test. After each layer is
rodded, tap the sides of the container 10 to 15 times with a rubber
or rawhide mallet to remove any air pockets. After filling and
consolidating, strike off the top surface, taking care to leave the
measure level full.
3. Clean all excess concrete from the exterior of the measure. Then
weigh it and determine the net weight of the concrete inside the
measure by subtracting the weight of the measure from the weight
of the measure and concrete.
4. Calculate the unit weight
Sampling
The compressive strength of concrete is measured to ensure that
concrete delivered to a project meets the requirements of the job
specification and for quality control. For testing the compressive strength of
concrete, cylindrical test specimens are cast and stored until the concrete
hardens in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C31, Standard
Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field.
The strength results of field-cured cylinders are used for:
1. Determining the at time at which a structure is permitted to be put
in service
Materials needed:
Curing:
Curing means to cover the concrete with a layer of water, so it stays
moist. By keeping concrete moist, the bond between the paste and the
Temperature
Temperature of concrete: Concrete is not recommended to be placed at a
temperature above 40C and below 5C without proper precaution
Hot weather concrete: Any operation of concreting done at atmospheric
temperature above 40C may be put under hot weather concreting. The
effect of hot weather may be as follows: