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Antiderivada
Integral Definida
Integral Indefinida
y=x =f ( x )
y=u
dy n1
nx
dx
dy n1 du
nu
dx
dx
dy=nun1 du
Definicin:
Una funcin F es un a Antiderivada de f en un intervalo de I, si F (x) =
f (x) para toda x en I.
Teorema:
Si F es una Antiderivada de f en un intervalo I, entonces la
Antiderivada mas general de f en I es:
F (x) + c
Donde c es una constante.
Comprobacin
y=f ( x ) =x2
F ' ( x )=
x
3
2+1
f ( x )=
x
2+1
F ' ( x )=
3x
3
f ( x )=
x
3
F' ( x ) =x 2
F ' ( x )=x 2
f ( x )=2 x
f ( x )=
2x
2
'
F ( x ) =2 x
f ( x )=x 2
g ( x ) =cos x
G' ( x )=sen x
g ( x ) =sen x
G ' ( x )=cos x
h ( x )=2 x +cos x
h ( x )=
2 x2
+ sen x
2
h ( x )=x 2+ sen x
f ( x )=3 x 2
3
f ( x )=
3x
3
f ( x )=x
F ' ( x )=x 3
F' ( x ) =3 x2
Ejemplo 2
Determine una Antiderivada de f (x) =
3x
Solucin
Como la derivada de
x3
es
3 x2 , la antiderivada general
F ( x )=x 3+ c
Proporciona todas las antiderivadas de f (x). La condicin F (1) = - 1
determina un valor especfico para C. sustituir x = 1, en f (x) =
F (1) =
F (1) =
x 3+ c
(1)3 + c
1+c
F ( x )=x 2
La letra griega
significa suma
El ndice de la suma k nos dice en donde inicia la suma (el numero
debajo del smbolo ) y en donde termina (el numero arriba del
smbolo
Ejemplos:
5
k=1+2+3+ 4+5=15
k=1
k
1
2
1 2 7
=
+
= + =
k +1
1+1 2+1 2 3 6
k=1
4
5
16 25 139
+
= + =
k k1 = 41
51 3 4
12
k=4
k=1
k=1
k=1
( ak +b k ) = a k+ bk
2. Regla de la diferencia
n
k=1
k=1
k=1
( ak b k )= ak bk
3. Regla del mltiplo constante
n
k=1
k=1
c a k=c . ak
4. Regla del valor constante
n
c =n . c
k=1
k=1
k=1
( 3 k k ) = 3 k k 2
2
k=1
b.
n
k=1
k=1
(ak ) = (1 ) . ak =1. a k = a k
k=1
k=1
c.
3
k=1
k=1
k=1
1n =n . 1n =1
k=1
k 2=
k=1
n(n+1)(2 n+1)
6
n ( n+1 )
)
2
n
k=1
LA INTEGRAL DEFINIDA
1.
xn
2. Sen kx
3. Cos kx
2
sec kx
4.
5.
FUNCIN
csc kx
6. Sec kx tan kx
7. Csc kx cot kx
1.
1 n+1
x +c ; n1
n+1
2.
1
sen kx +c
k
3.
1
cos kx+ c
k
4.
1
tan kx+ c
k
5.
1
ctg kx +c
k
6.
1
sec kx+ c
k
ANTIDERIVADAS
1
csc kx +c
k
7.
Definicin.
La coleccin de todas las antiderivadas de f se denomina la integral
indefinida de f con respecto a X la cual se denota mediante:
Sumatoria
f ( x ) dx=F ( x ) +c
antiderivada
diferencial
cos x dx
F ( x )=sen x+ c
F' ( x ) =cos x
Comprobacin
x
2 x +cos dx
f ( x )=
2x
+ sen x
2
2
f ( x )=x +sen x +c
( 1+ tan2 ) d
f ( x )=tan +c
sec2 d
F ' ( x )=sec 2
tan +c
sen2 cos 2
1
+
= 2
2
2
cos cos cos
tan 2 +1=se c 2
( 0,1 )
1 3
( , )
2 4
( 0,1 )
1 15
( , )
4 16
1 3
( , )
2 4
3 7
( , )
4 16
0.5
Dx
0
0
Dx
0.5
0.25
0.5
1
0.75
Dx 0
AR
promedio = ba
A
a
B
(a)
| (
n
k=1
f c k ) x k J | E
A2
a<b
a<c
A1
Orden de integracin
(-)
(+)
Ejemplo:
1
f ( x ) dx =5 f ( x ) dx=2 h ( x ) dx=7
1
Encontrar.
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx=5+(2 )=3
1
La
longitud
de
los
A= f ( x ) dx
a
F(x)
f(x)dx
rea de un rectngulo
dx
BP: A =
b x h b . b b2
=
=
2
2
2
2 b
x
b
f ( x ) dx= xdx=
=
2
2
a
a
b
A=
a
x dx=
a
x dx=
a
b
2
b a
; a< b
2 2
c dx=c ( ba ) ; c=constante
a
x 2 dx=
a
b a
; a< b
3 3
Formula 2
a<b<0
Formula 2
Formula 1 y 2
1
A= r 2
2
1
A= (2)2=2
2
2
4x 2
2
f ( x ) dx=
Valor promedio de la funcin =
A
ba
ba
a
DEFINICIN
Si f es integrable en [a, b], entonces su valor promedio en [a, b],
tambin llamado media, es
b
Promedio (f) =
y=f ( x ) = 4x 2
y 2=4x 2 ; 4x 2=0
4x 2=0
x 2=4
1
f ( x ) dx
ba a
x= 2
Valor promedio =
1
4x 2
2(2) 2
dx
( 2 )=
4
2
1.
A= f ( x ) dx
2. Valor P=
2
2
1
4x 2 dx
2(2) 2
2
A= 4x2 dx
2
A=
Valor P =
r2
2
1
2
4
Valor P =
A=2
f (c)
1
f ( x ) dx
ba a
(ba) f (c) f ( x ) dx
a
d
F ( x ) = f ( t ) dt=f ( x)
dx a
'
f ( x ) dx=F ( b )F (a)
a
f ( x ) dx=F ( x ) ]a F ( b )F (a)
a
=12
sec x tan x dx= sec ] 0 =sec 0sec (
4 )
) [
] [
] [
][
3
4
4
3 2 2 4
4
4
x + = (4 ) 2 + (1) 2 +
x 2 dx= x 2 + =
2
x 1 2 3
x 1
4
1
x
[ 8+1 ] [ 5 ] =4
b
A= f ( x )=F ( x ) ]a=F ( b )F ( a )
a
Sea
y=F ( x )=x 24
-3
-3
-1
-2
3 2
x
x
x 4 dx= x dx 4 dx= (4 x )=
3
3
a
a
2
][
][ ]
( 2 )3
(2 )3
8
[ 4 x ] =
(4 ( 2 ) )
(4 (2 )) = +8
3
3
3
2
2
2
A= f ( x ) dx=
a
Ejercicios
Determinacin de antiderivadas
1. a. 2x
x-2x+1
f ( x )=2 x
f ( x )=x 22 x+ 1
b. x
f ( x )=x 2
c.
f ( x )=
2 x 1+1
1+ 1
f ( x )=
x3
x2
2 +1
3
2
f ( x )=
f ( x )=x 2
f ( x )=
x 2+1
2+1
x3
3
x
f ( x )= x 2 + x
3
2. a.
c.
6x
x7
b.
x 76 x+ 8
f ( x )=x 7
f ( x )=6 x
f ( x )=x 22 x+ 1
f ( x )=
6x
2
7+1
f ( x )=
x
7+1
x
x
f ( x )= 6 +8 x
8
2
f ( x )=3 x 2
f ( x )=
x
8
x
f ( x )= 3 x 2 +8 x
8
3. a.
c.
3 x4
b.
x 2 x+ 3
f ( x )=3 x4
f ( x )=x4 2 x +3
f ( x )=x4
x4
f ( x )=
3 x4+1
4 +1
f ( x )=
x 4 +1 2 x1 +1
+3 x
4+1
2
f ( x )=
f ( x )=x3
x 4 +1
4+1
f ( x )=
x3
3
x
f ( x )=
x 2 +3 x
3
4. a.
2x
x 3 2
b. 2 + x
c.
x 3 + x1
f ( x )=2 x3
f ( x )=
x3 2
+x
2
f ( x )=
x3+1 x 3
+
2(2) 3
f ( x )=x3+ x 1
3+ 1
f ( x )=
2x
2
f ( x )=
x
x
+ x
2 2
2
f ( x )=x
5. a.
c.
1
2
x
2
2
3
x
x
(
)
f x=
+
4 3
b.
5
x2
5
2
x
f ( x )=
1
x2
f ( x )=2
f ( x )=
f ( x )=
5
x2
f ( x )=
5 x1
1
5
x2
x2+1
2+1
f ( x )=2 x5
x 1
1
f ( x )=x1
f ( x )=5 x1
f ( x )=2 x+ 5 x 1
6. a.
c.
2
x3
x 3
b.
1
2 x3
1
3
x
f ( x )=2 x
3 +1
f ( x )=
x 4 3+1
x
4
f ( x )=
2 x 2
2
f ( x )=
x 4 x 2
4 2
f ( x )=x2
f ( x )=2 x
f ( x )=
2 x 3+ 1
2
f ( x )=x2
7. a.
c.
32
x
2
x+
b.
1
2x
1
x
3 1/ 2
f ( x )= x
2
f ( x )=x 1/ 2+
f ( x )=
1
1 /2
2(x)
1
(x)1 /2
f ( x )=
3 x 1/2 +1
2 1/2+ 1
f ( x )=
x 1/2 +1 1/ 2+1
+x
3 /2
f ( x )=
f ( x )=x 3 /2
x 1 /2+1
2(1/2+1)
f ( x )=x 1/ 2
x 3/ 2 x 1 /2
(
)
f x=
+
3/2 1/2
8. a.
43
x
3
b.
c.
3 x+ 3
x
4 1/ 3+1
f ( x )= x
3
f ( x )=
1
2(x)1 /3
x 1/3 +1 1/3+ 1
(
)
f x=
+
1/3+1 1/3+1
1 /3
f ( x )=
4 x
3 4 /3
x 4 / 3 x 2 /3
(
)
f x=
+
4 /3 2/3
1/ 3+1
f ( x )=
x
31 /3+1
3 3 x
f ( x )=x
9. a.
c.
2/3
x
f ( x )=
2
4 /3
2 1/3
x
3
b.
1 3 /2
x
2
3 5 /2
x
2
f ( x )=
2 x1/ 3+1
3 1 /3+1
f ( x )=
3 x5/ 2+1
2 5 /2+1
f ( x )=
2 x 2/ 3
3 2/3
f ( x )=
3 x3/ 2
2 3 /2
f ( x )=
1 x3/ 2+1
2 3 /2+1
f ( x )=
f ( x )=x 2/ 3
1 x1/ 2
2 1/2
f ( x )=x1/ 2
f ( x )=x3 /2
10.
a.
c.
1 1 /2
x
2
b.
1 4 /3
x
3
f ( x )=
1 x1/ 2+1
2 1/2+1
f ( x )=
1 x
3 1/3
1 /3
f ( x )=
1 x2 /3 +1
3 2/3+1
1 2/ 3
x
3
1 x 1/2
2 1/2
f ( x )=
f ( x )=
1 x 1 /3
3 1/3
f ( x )=x1/3
f ( x )=x 1/ 2
f ( x )=x 1/ 3
a. sen x
11.
c.
sen x3 sen 3 x
f ( x )=cos x
f ( x )=
f ( x )=3 cos x
cos x
+cos 3 x
a. cos x
12.
c.
cos
f ( x )=
b.
f ( x )=sen
( x2 )
( 2 ) sen( x2 )+ sen x
2
a. sec x
13.
sec 2
b.
3x
2
f ( x )=2 tan
f ( x )=tan x
f ( x )=
x
cos
2
2
x
+ cos x
2
f ( x )=sen( x)
c.
sen x
b.
2
3x
tan
3
2
( )
( x3 )
2
x
sec 2
3
3
2
a. csc x
14.
c.
18 csc
b.
2
3x
csc 2
3
2
3x
2
f ( x )=cot x
f ( x )=cot
( 32x )
f ( x )=x +4 cot(2 x)
a. csc x cot x
15.
c.
csc
f ( x )=2 cos
sec
1
f ( x )= cos (5 x)
5
x
2
a. sec x tan x
c.
csc5 x cot5 x
x
x
cot
2
2
f ( x )=csc x
16.
b.
b.
4 sec 3 x tan 3 x
x
x
tan
2
2
f ( x )=sec x
4
f ( x )= sec(3 x)
3
2
x
f ( x )= sec
17.
19.
( x +1 ) dx
(3 t2 + 12 ) dt
18.
( 56 x ) dx
xdx + 1 dx+ c
5 dx 62x
dx +c
33t dx+ 12 dx +c
2
x
+ x +c
2
5x
3 x 2 +c
2
t2
t + +c
4
3
20.
t
+ 4 t 3 dx
2
comprobacin
t2 dx+ 4 t 3 dx +c
t3 4
+t + c
6
21.
F' (x )=
dx
3t2
+4t3
6
2
t
F ' ( x )= + 4 t 3
2
( 2 x 35 x+7 ) dx
24x
F ' ( x )=
comprobacin
5 x2
dx+ 7 dx +c
2
4 x 3 10 x
7
2
2
2
x 5x
+7+ c
2
2
F' (x )=2 x 35 x +7
22.
( 1x2 3 x 5 ) dx
comprobacin
1 dx
x
23.
x3
3 x6
dx
dx+ c
3
6
x 3 x6
+c
3 2
F' ( x )=1
3 x2 6 x 5
3
2
F' (x )=1x 23 x 5
( x1 x 31 ) dx
2
comprobacin
( x2 x2 13 ) dx
F' ( x )=x11
3 x2 1
3
3
x1 x 3 x
+c
1 3 3
F' (x )=x2x 2
1
3
1 x3 x
+c
x 3 3
F' (x )=
24.
1
1
x 2
2
3
x
( 15 x2 +2 x) dx
comprobacin
3 +1
x
2x
dx +
15 dx 23+1
2
x 2 x2 2
+ x +c
5 2
x
x2+ x2 +c
5
dx +c
1
F' (x )= 2 x3 +2 x
5
1 2
F' (x )= 3 +2 x
5 x
25.
( x1/ 3 ) dx
comprobacin
2/ 3
3
F' (x )= x 2/ 31
2
x
dx +c
2/3
3 2/3
x +c
2
26.
F' (x )=x1/3
( x5 /4 ) dx
comprobacin
1 /4
x
dx+ c
1
/4
( x + 3 x ) dx
( x1 /2 + x 1/ 3)dx
2 3 x 3 /2 3 4 x 4 /3
.
+ .
+c
3 2 3/2 4 3 4 /3
2 3 / 2 3 4 /3
x + x +c
3
4
28.
2x + 2x
1 /2
5 /4
F' (x )=x5/ 4
4 x1/ 4 +c
27.
'
F (x )=4 x
) dx
( x)
( 2 +2(x )1/ 2) dx
comprobacin
2 3 3 /2 3 4 4/ 3
'
F (x )= . x + . x
3 2
4 3
F' (x )=x 1/ 2+ x 1 /3
F' (x )= x+ 3 x
comprobacin
F' (x )=
x 3 /2
+ 4 x 1 /2
3
2+1
1/
2
x 1 /2+1
3/2
x3
1/ 2
3 x
1
F' ( x ) = .
+ 4 x1 /2
2 3
2
+2
1 /2
x
+c
1/2
3 /2
x
+ 4 x 1/ 2+ c
3
F' (x )=
1 /2
x
+ 2 x1/ 2
2
x 2
F' (x )= +
2 x
Ejercicios
Notacin sigma
2
6(1) 6( 2)
k
6 12
=
+
= + =7
k6+1
1+1 2+1 2 3
k=1
11 21 31
1 2 3+4 7
=
+
+
=0+ + =
= =1.17
k 1
k
1
2
3
2 3
6
6
k=1
cos k=cos(1 )+cos (2 )+cos (3 )+cos (4 )=cos 180+cos 360+cos 540+ cos 720=1+11+1=0
k=1
sen k =sen (1 )+sen (2 )+ sen(3 )+ sen (4 )+sen (5 )=sen 180+ sen 360+ sen 540+sen 720+ sen 9
k=1
(1)k+1 sen k =(1)1+1 sen 1 +(1)2+1 sen 2 +(1)3+1 sen 3 =(1)2 sen 180+(1)3 sen 90+(1)4 sen 60
k=1
1
2
3
4
( )=cos 180+cos 360cos 540+cos 720=1+1+1+1=4
( )+(1)4 cos
( )+(1)3 cos
( )+(1)2 cos
4
2k+1 =21+1+ 20+1 +21+1 +22+1 +23 +1+ 24+1 =1+ 2+ 4+ 8+16+32=63
k=1
(1)k+1 2k+2=(1)2+1 22+2 +(1)1+1 21 +2+(1)0+ 1 20+2 +(1)1+1 21+2 +(1)2+1 22 +2+(1)3 +1 23+2 =(
k=2
k1
21
31
41
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1) (1) (1)
11
= =1.83
k 1 = 21 + 31 + 41 = 1 + 2 + 3 =2+ 12 13 = 12+32
6
6
k=2
( k +1)2=(1+ 1)2 +( 0+1)2 +(1+ 1)2 +(2+1)2 +(3+ 1)2=(0)2+(1)2+(2)2+(3)2+(4 )2=0+1+ 4+9+16=30
k=1
k=3
Suponga que
ak =5
k=1
bk =6
k=1
3 ak =3 a 1+3 a 2+ 3 a 3 .3 an
k=1
Evalue
10
=55
10
=1+2+9+16+25+36+49+64+81+100
=385
10
=1+8+27+64+125+216+343+512+729+1000
=3025
13
=91
13
k 2=12+ 22+ 32+ 4 2+5 2+ 62+ 72 +82 +92 +102 +112+122 +132
k=1
=1+4+9+25+36+49+64+81+100+121+144+169
=819
13
k 3=13 +23 +33 +4 3 +53 +63 +7 3+ 83 +93 +103 +113 +123 +133
k=1
=1+8+27+64+125+216+343+512+729+1000+1331+1728+
2197
=8281
Ejercicios: Interpretacion de limites como integrales
n
c2k x k
p 0
lim
k=1
f ( x ) dx= x 2 dx
a
[ 0,2 ]
3
2 ck xk
p 0
lim
k=1
[ 1 , 0 ]
f ( x ) dx= 2 x3 dx
a
c
n
( k 23 c k) x k
[ 7,5 ]
k=1
lim
p 0
b
f ( x ) dx= (x 23 x)dx
a
lim
p 0 k=1
( c1 ) x
[ 1, 4 ]
f ( x ) dx= 1x dx
a
1
p 0
lim
k=1
( 1c1 ) x
3
f ( x ) dx=
a
1
dx
1x
[ 2,3 ]
f ( x ) dx=4
f ( x ) dx=6
g ( x ) dx =0
2
g ( x ) dx= g ( x ) dx=8
1
1
3 f ( x ) dx = 3(4)=12
1
2
f ( x ) dx=10
2
g ( x ) dx =8
1
Suponga que
f ( x ) dx=5
1
determine:
f ( u ) du=5
1
3 f ( z ) dz=5 3
1
f ( t ) dt=5
2
f ( t ) dt=
1
f [f ( x)] dx=5
1
f ( z ) dz= f ( z ) dz + f ( z ) dz=3+1=4
3
f ( z ) dz=3
0
f ( z ) dz=7
0
f ( t ) dt= f ( t ) dt=4
4
2x dx b >0
0
x
dx
2(2)
0
x4 dx
0
2
0
A= 4
b
4
2 s ds 0< a<b
a
2 s2
2 ds
a
2
2
A= a b
Integrales definidas
2
x dx
1
b
4
22
x2
F(x)=
1 2
2
1 (2 )
dx=
2
=- 2
x dx =
2,5
0,5
2,5
2
2
x
0,5 ( 2,5 ) 0,25 6,25
dx
=
=0,1253,125=3
2
2
2
2
2
0,5
d=
2 d= 2 2 2
3
2
Ejercicios
0
( 2 x+5 ) dx =
2
2x
+5 x
2
(
3
2 4
x
x
5 dx=5 x
2
4
] [
= 5 (3 )
][
][
2
(3)
4
9
16
609
8016
5 ( 4 ) = 15 20
=
4
4
4
4
4
4
][
][
][
][
6
4
] [
][
] [
3 (0)2 ( 0)4
3( 4)2 (4)4
x3
3 x2 x 4
48 256
384+256 128 32
3 x
dx=
=
=
= =8
4
2
16 0
2
16
2
16
2
16
16
16
4
] [