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Water level indicator
CONTENTS
1. WORKING PRINCIPLE
2. SOLDERING
3. COMPONENTS
a. LED
b.TRANSISTOR(BC548)
c.RESISTANCE
d.PIEZO ELECTRIC BUZZER
e.PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
4. SCOPE
WORKING PRINCIPLE
This circuit not only indicates the amount of water present in the
overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full. The
circuit indicate the water level through LEDs.
When the water is empty the wires in the tank are open circuited and
the resistors pulls the switch low hence opening the switch and LEDs
are OFF. As the water starts filling up, first the wire in the tank
connected to S1 and the + supply are shorted by water. This closes the
switch S1 and turns the LED1 ON. As the water continues to fill the
tank, the LEDs2 , light up gradually. When the water is full, the base
of the transistor BC548 is pulled high by the water and this saturates
the transistor, turning the buzzer ON. . One electrode probe is with 6V
AC is placed at the bottom of tank. Next probes are placed step by
step above the bottom probe. When the water/liquid comes in contact
with the electrode tip, a conductive path is established between the
sense electrode and the tank wall/reference electrode, which in turn
makes the transistors conduct to glow LED and indicate the level of
water. The ends of probes are connected to corresponding points in
the circuit as shown in circuit diagram. Insulated Aluminum wires
with end insulation removed will do for the probe. Arrange the probes
in order on a PVC pipe according to the depth and immerse it in the
tank. AC voltage is use to prevent electrolysis at the probes.
SOLDERING
Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined
together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler
COMPONENTS
LED
TRANSISTOR(BC548)
A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor
material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A
voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the
current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled
(output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power, the
transistor provides amplification of a signal. Some transistors are packaged
individually but most are found in integrated circuits. The transistor is the
fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and its presence is
ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.
RESISTANCE
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the
passage of a steady electric current. An object of uniform cross section will
have a resistance proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its
cross-sectional area, and proportional to the resistivity of the material.
Discovered by Georg Ohm in the late 1820s, electrical resistance shares some
conceptual parallels with the mechanical notion of friction. The SI unit of
electrical resistance is the ohm, symbol . Resistance's reciprocal quantity is
electrical conductance measured in Siemens, symbol S. The resistance of a
resistive object determines the amount of current through the object for a given
potential difference across the object, in accordance with Ohm's law:
SCOPE
This circuit not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead tank
but also gives an alarm when the tank is full. This worthy device starts ringing
as soon as the water tank becomes full. It helps to check overflow and wastage
of water by warning the customer when the tank is about to brim. The system
provides visual water level indication with audio alarms at desired levels. It also
provides automatic control of pumps at a remote location.
Now no need to go on the roof to look the water level.
It shows the water level in your room like 1/4 tank, 1/2 tank, 3/4 tank and
full tank.
Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full.
Four
Weeks
Training
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