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GrowthofTradeUnionMovementwhatishumanresource?

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GrowthofTradeUnionMovement
TradeunionsinIndia,asinmostothercountries,havebeenthenaturaloutcomethemodemfactorysystem.
ThedevelopmentoftradeunionisminIndiahaschequeredhistoryandastormycareer.
EarlyPeriod
Effortstowardsorganisingtheworkersfortheirwelfareweremade,duringtheearlyperiodofindustrial
developmentbysocialworkers,philanthropistsandotherreligiousleadersmostlyonhumanitariangrounds.The
firstFactoriesAct,1881,waspassedonthebasisoftherecommendationsoftheBombayFactory
Commission,1875.DuetothelimitationsoftheAct,theworkersinBombayTextileIndustryunderthe
leadershipofNMLokhandedemandedreducedofhoursofwork,weeklyrestdays,middayrecessand
compensationforinjuries.BombayMillownersAssociationconcededthedemandforweeklyholiday.
Consequently,LokhandeestablishedthefirstWorkersUnioninIndiain1890inthenameofBombayMillhands
Association.AlabourjournalcalledDinabanduwasalsopublished.
Someoftheimportantunionsestablishedduringtheperiodare:AmalgamatedSocietyofRailwayServantsof
IndiaandBurma(1897),ManagementthePrintersUnion,Calcutta(1905)andtheBombayPostalUnion(1907),
theKamgarHitavardhakSabha(1910)andtheSocialServiceLeague(1910).Buttheseunionsweretreatedas
adhocbodiesandcouldnotservethepurposeoftradeunions.
ModestBeginning

TradeUnions
TradeUnioninBritishEnglishorlaborunionin
AmericanEnglish.
IntroductiontoTradeUnions
FunctionsofTradeUnions
ObjectiveofTradeUnions
RoleofTradeUnions
ClassificationofTradeUnions
TheoriesofTradeUnionism
ReasonsForJoiningTradeUnions
GrowthofTradeUnionMovement
RecognitionofTradeUnion
ProblemsandMeasurestoStrengthenTrade
Union
EmployersAssociation
LaborUnionsinUSA>>

ThebeginningoftheLabourmovementinthemodest
sensestartedaftertheoutbreakofWorldWarIinthe
country.Economic,politicalandsocialconditionsofthe
dayinfluencedthegrowthoftradeunionmovementin
India.EstablishmentofInternationalLabourOrganisation
in1919helpedtheformationoftradeunionsinthe
country.MadrasLabourUnionwasformedon
systematiclinesin1919.Anumberoftradeunionswere
establishedbetween1919and1923.Categorywise
unions,likeSpinnersUnionandWeaversUnion,came
intoexistenceinAhmedabadundertheinspirationof
MahatmaGandhi.Theseunionswerelaterfederatedinto
anindustrialunionknownasAhmedabadTextileLabour
Association.Thisunionhasbeenformedonsystematic
linesandhasbeenfunctioningonsoundlinesbasedon
theGandhianPhilosophyofmutualtrust,collaboration
andnonviolence.
AllIndiaTradeUnionCongress
ThemostimportantyearinthehistoryofIndianTradeUnionmovementis1920whentheAllIndiaTradeUnionCongress(AITUC)wasformedconsequentuponthe
necessityofelectingdelegatesfortheInternationalLabourOrganisation(ILO).ThisisthefirstallIndiatradeunioninthecountry.ThefirstmeetingoftheAlTUCwas
heldinOctober,1920atBombay(nowMumbai)underthepresidentshipofLalaLajpatRai.TheformationofAlTUCledtotheestablishmentofAllIndiaRailwaymens
Federation(AIRF)IN1922.ManyCompanyRailwayUnionswereaffiliatedtoit.Signsofmilitanttendencyandrevolutionaryideaswereapparentduringthisperiod.
a)Periodofsplitsandmergers:ThesplintergroupofAITUCformedAllIndiaTradeUnionFederation(AlTUF)in1929.Anothersplitbythecommunistsin1931led
totheformationofAllIndiaRedTradeUnionCongress.Thus,splitsweremorecommonduringtheperiod.However,effortsweremadebythe
RailwayFederationtobringunitywithintheAITUCunity.TheseeffortsdidbearfruitandAllIndiaRedTradeUnionCongresswasdissolved.Addedtothis,AllIndia
TradeUnionFederationalsomergedwithAITUC.TheunifiedAITUCsconventionwasheldin1940inNagpur.Buttheunitydidnotlastlong.
TheWorldWasIIbroughtsplitsintheAITUC.ThereweretwogroupsintheAITUC,onesupportingthewarwhiletheotheropposingit.thesupportinggroup
establisheditsowncentralorganisationcalledtheIndianFederationofLabour.Afurthersplittookplacein1947,whenthetopleadersoftheIndianNationalCongress
formedanothercentralorganisation.
b)IndianNationalTradeUnionCongress:TheeffortsofIndianNationalCongressresultedintheestablishmentofIndianNationalTradeUnionCongress(INTUC)
bybringingthesplitintheAITUC,INTUCstartedgainingmembershiprightfromthebeginning.
c)OtherCentralUnions:SocialistsseparatedfromAITUChadformedHindMazdoorSabha(HMS)in1948.TheIndianFederationofLabourmergedwiththeHMS,
RadicalsformedanotherunionunderthenameofUnitedTradeUnionCongressin1949.Thus,thetradeunionmovementinthecountrywassplitintofourdistinct
centralunionsduringtheshortspanof1946to1949.Someothercentralunionswerealsoformed.TheywereBharatiyaMazdoorSangh(BMS)in1955,theHind
MazdoorPanchayat(HMP)in1965andtheCentreofIndianTradeUnions(CITU)in1970.Thus,splintergroupofINTUCformedUnion
TradeUnionCongress,thesplitintheCongressPartyin1969resultedinthesplitinINTUCandlettotheformationofNationalLabourOrganisation(NLO).
PresentPosition
Thereareover9,000tradeunionsinthecountry,includingunregisteredunionsandmorethan70federationsandconfederationsregisteredundertheTradeUnionsAct,

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GrowthofTradeUnionMovementwhatishumanresource?

1926.Thedegreeofunionismisfairlyhighinorganisedindustrialsector.Itisnegligibleintheagriculturalandunorganisedsectors.
Thoughthenumberofunionshasgreatlyincreasedinthelastfourdecades,theunionmembershipperunionhasnotkeptpace.TheNationalcommissiononlabour
hasstatedthatonly131unionshadamembershipofover5,000.Morethan70%oftheunionshadamembershipofbelow500.Overtheyearstheaverage
membershipfiguresperunionhavefaIlensteadilyfromabout1387in1943to632in199293(PocketBookofLabourStatistics,1997).Unionswithamembershipof
over2000constituteroughly4percentofthetotalunionsinthecountry.
Thereisahighdegreeofunionisation(varyingfrom30%toover70%)incoal,cotton,textiles,ironandsteel,railways,cement,banking,insurance,portsanddocks
andtobaccosector.Whitecollarunionshavealsoincreasedsignificantlycoveringofficers,seniorexecutives,managers,civilservants,selfemployedprofessionslike
doctors,lawyers,traders,etc.forsafeguardingtheirinterest.
Thereareasmanyas10centraltradeunionorganisationsinthecountry(asagainstoneortwoinUK,Japan,USA).ThecriteriaforrecognitionasCentralTradeUnion
hasbeenthatthecombinedstrengthshouldbe5lacsnumberswithaspreadovertoatleast4statesand4industriesason31.12.89.TensuchTradeUnionsare(1)
BMS(2)INTUC(3)HMS,(4)U.T.U.CLS(5)AITUC(6)CITUC(7)NLO(8)UTUC(9)TUCC(10)NFITU.Asperonesurvey(EconomicTimes,24.9.97)thefive
leadingTradeUnionsstrengthareasfollows:

TradeUnionStrength
BMS331Lakhs
INTUC271Lakhs
AITUC18Lakhs
HMS15Lakhs
CITU3.4Lakhs
TradeunionsinIndia
The Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, growing 2% annually. The Indian labor markets
consistofthreesectors:
1.Theruralworkers,whoconstituteabout60percentoftheworkforce.
2.Organizedsector,whichemploys8percentofworkforce,and
3.Theurbaninformalsector(whichincludesthegrowingsoftwareindustryandotherservices,notincludedintheformal

sector)whichconstitutestherest32percentoftheworkforce.
At present there are
OrganizationsinIndia:

twelve

Central

Trade

Union

1.AllIndiaTradeUnionCongress(AITUC)
2.BharatiyaMazdoorSangh(BMS)
3.CentreofIndianTradeUnions(CITU)
4.HindMazdoorKisanPanchayat(HMKP)
5.HindMazdoorSabha(HMS)
6.IndianFederationofFreeTradeUnions(IFFTU)
7.IndianNationalTradeUnionCongress(INTUC)
8.NationalFrontofIndianTradeUnions(NFITU)
9.NationalLaborOrganization(NLO)
10.TradeUnionsCoordinationCentre(TUCC)
11.UnitedTradeUnionCongress(UTUC)and
12.UnitedTradeUnionCongressLeninSarani(UTUCLS)

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