2016 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology

RF Module Based Speed Check and Seatbelt

Detection System
Himesh Gupta [1]

Aditya Pundir [2], Dr. O.P. Sharma[3]

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Jaipur National University
Jaipur, India
gupta_himesh@yahoo.co.in [1]

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Poornima University
Jaipur, India

aditya.pundir1985@gmail.com[2],
opsharma@poornima.org[3]
prepared on the basis of data released by World Health
Organization for year 2001-2010.

Abstract Motor vehicles have become an essential part of

our day to day life. The demand for the vehicles is increasing at
uncontrollable rate. The other rate which is also going beyond
control is Road Accident. Road Accidents happen in case of Rash
Driving, Over-speeding, Breaking Lanes, Ignoring Safety
Precautions etc. This happens globally and is one of the major
causes of death. In its report, WHO (World Health Organization)
claims that in the year of 2010 China and India have registered
more than 2 lakhs deaths in road accidents [7]. CDC (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention), in its report, claims that in the
year of 2009 India had topped the list of Road Traffic Fatalities
followed by China and USA respectively [8]. It also claims that
these fatalities happen more with Middle Income Grade and
Lower Income Grade people. Another report claims that about
40% of Road Accidents happens either due to over-speeding or
negligence in safety precautions [9]. Keeping these facts in the
mind, it has been decided to develop a system which cannot just
only control the speed of the vehicle but also urges them to fasten
their seatbelt. The system will be a combination of Speed
Controlling Circuit and Seatbelt Detection Circuit. This system
will have to parts 1) Transmitter and 2) Receiver System.
Transmitter part will be on the Road Side at Speed Sign Board.
The role of the transmitter is to transmit the maximum allowable
speed limit of that road to receiver. Receiver part will be on the
vehicle embedded with the system. Role of the receiver would be
to compare received Speed Limit Data (received from
transmitter) with current speed of the vehicle. It will generate a
signal in case of over-speeding and after 10 seconds the engine
will stop. In addition to this, it also keeps checking whether
Driver and/or Co-Driver (if present) wearing the seatbelt or not.
In this, system again will generate an error signal and after 10
seconds delay the engine will stop.

Road Fatalities Per 100,000 Inhabitants Per Year

Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Germany
India
Iran
Iraq
Italy
Japan
Malaysia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Russia
South Africa
Sudan
UK
USA
Vietnam

40
30
20
10
0

Fig 1. Road Fatalities Per 100,000 Inhabitants Per Year

Total Fatalities Per Year

Australia
0.10%
Argentina
0.41%

Brazil
3.54%
Canada
0.17%

China
22.26%

Rest of
World
34.13%
France
0.26%

Keywords Road Accidents, Lane, Seatbelt, Speed Control,

Embedded.

I.

Vietnam
1.75%

PROBLEM STATEMENT

USA
2.92%

As we see in todays world number of vehicles on road are

increasing at alarming rate. With the increase in number of
vehicles, safety concern also increases for both people inside
the vehicle and outside the vehicle. World Health
Organization (WHO) had conducted various surveys for road
fatalities based on number of vehicles, inhabitants and total
fatalities globally due to road accidents. Below are chart
978-1-5090-0210-8/16 $31.00 2016 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/CICT.2016.106

India
19.24%

UK
0.18%
Sudan
0.88%

South Africa
1.21%

Pakistan Nigeria
2.43% 4.30%
Russia
2.26% Malaysia Japan
0.58%
0.49%

Iraq
0.80%

Iran
1.52%

Italy
0.30%

Fig 2. Road Fatalities Globally Per Year

504

Germany
0.28%

(which is fixed below the seat). Now, Driver will pull the
seatbelt and locks it. For seatbelt assembly, please refer to Fig
1. Seatbelt has four parts: 1) Retractor, 2) Shoulder Belt, 3)
Safety Belt, and 4) Receptacle. Retractor is box where seatbelt
rest and Receptacle is point where it locks when stretched.
Shoulder Belt is the part of the belt which comes over the
shoulder and Safety Belt is which comes over the thighs.
Detection of seatbelt of both Driver and Co-Driver is
exactly same. There is an IR sensor placed inside Retractor.
We will place a white stripe on shoulder at a certain place
which makes sure that seatbelt has been pulled. Now, the IR
sensor will detect this stripe and will generate a signal
whenever seatbelt is pulled. After pulling the seatbelt, person
will lock it in the Receptacle. There is a push button placed
inside Retractor, so when person locks the seatbelt this button
gets pressed. Now, this will produce a signal. These signals
will only be read by Microcontroller when corresponding
seats Pressure Sensor gives a positive signal otherwise these
signal will not be read. Now we will have following
conditions:
1. If Driver and Co-Driver both are not present.
2. If Co-Driver is not present.
3. If Co-Driver is present.

Fig 3. Road Fatalities Per 100,000 Motor Vehicles Per Year

As we can see from above facts, India, USA and China are
struggling with Road Accidents problem. So, it has been
decided to minimize this problem as low as possible by
incorporating our knowledge and skills.
II.

INTRODUCTION

For achieving the same, we can make use of the following

components to make a reliable and efficient system: - RF
transmitter and receiver, microcontroller, LED, Speaker,
pressure sensor, infrared (IR) sensors and push buttons. In this
system we are using two parts, first is a Transmitter which is
mounted on the Road Side at Speed Sign Board and transmits
maximum allowable speed of the road and second is a
Receiver which is mounted on the vehicle which does all the
required actions.
At Receiver, we have following conditions: 1.
2.

In first case, we need not to do anything. So, there will no

input and output of the system.
In second case, we need not to detect seatbelt assembly
signal of Co-Driver. Now, if Driver is not wearing the seatbelt
then an error signal will generate and system will lock the
engine and will not let it start unless Driver wear the seatbelt.
In this error signal, an LED will glow to indicate seatbelt error
and a voice message will be played on the Speaker to suggest
Driver to wear the seatbelt.
In third case, we will detect whether Driver and Co-Driver
wearing the seatbelt or not. If any of the person not wearing
the seatbelt then again an error signal will generate and it will
not let the engine starts until both wear the seatbelts. In this
error signal, an LED will glow to indicate seatbelt error for
both Driver and Co-Driver and a voice message will be played
on the Speaker to suggest both Driver and Co-Driver to wear
the seatbelt.
In case, after starting the vehicle any of the Driver or CoDriver (if present) removes seatbelt then an error signal will
generate and after 10 seconds delay it will STOP the engine
until both (if C-Driver is present) wear the seatbelt again. In
this error signal, an LED for corresponding seat will glow and
a voice message will be played on the Speaker to suggest the
one who removed the seatbelt to wear it.
In addition to this, this system will also be detecting the
speed of the vehicle when it will receive a signal from the
Transmitter. Now after receiving speed limit from the
Transmitter, it will compare speed of the vehicle with the
maximum allowable speed on that road (speed data received
from Transmitter). If speed is over the allowable limit then it
will generate an error signal and after delay of 10 seconds it
will STOP the engine. In this error signal, a voice message
over speeding will be repeated and warning of reducing it to
limit will be played on the Speaker. This value of speed data
which is received by transmitter will be same unless
overwritten by next Transmitters speed data. E.g. If youre

Checking and monitoring the seatbelt of Driver

and/or Co-Driver and generating an error signal in
case of violation.
Checking the speed of limit as per the allowable limit
of the road and generating an error signal in case of
over-speeding.

First, we will discuss about Transmitter, as shown in Fig 5.

The Transmitter is mounted on the Road Side at Speed Sign
Board. The transmitter will be responsible to transmit the
maximum allowable speed limit of that road to receiver (on
vehicle). This transmitter will be having an RF transmitter
with a range of up to 200 m and a storage device. This will be
transmitting the data continuously regardless presence of the
vehicle. Value of the speed limit stored in the transmitter at
the time of mounting the transmitter.
Secondly, we will be discussing about Receiver System, as
shown in Fig 6. The Receiver System is embedded with the
vehicle system. It comprises of RF Receiver, Microcontroller,
IR Sensors, Push Buttons, Pressure Sensors, LED and
Speaker. This is a very complex system and contains several
sections itself.
This system starts when door of drivers seat opens. This
will be accomplished by attaching a latch to the door and
connecting it to complete circuit between main system and
battery source. When system turns ON, primarily it will
check seatbelt status of Driver and/or Co-Driver.
Detection of presence of Driver and Co-Driver is same.
Presence of person will be detected by a Pressure Sensor

505

moving on MI Road where speed limit is 30 Kmph then

system will compare vehicles speed with value 30 Kmph and
after sometime vehicle moves to NH 10 where speed limit is
60 Kmph then this value will be overwritten and system now
compare vehicles speed with 60 Kmph.
There will be two types of battery source of the system.
The Latch, which will be responsible to start the system, will
have a Lithium Dry battery as source while Main System will
have a standby Lithium Dry battery and will be feed power
through vehicles battery once vehicles engine is ON.
These voice messages will be stored on a separate IC
which will be accessed by the Microcontroller to play
corresponding voice message as per the condition. This IC
will be ROM of size 8KB (approx.).
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND SYSTEM PARAMETER
Fig. 6. Block Diagram of Receiver

Note: PS- Pressure Sensor, IR- Infrared Sensor, PB- Push

Button, LED- Light Emmitting Diode and O/p Output.
IV.

FLOW CHART

There are several processes involved in the systems

functioning. There are multiple inputs and sections of
operation involved to achieve the correct output from the
system. These processes and signals can be described below
with the help of flow chart:

Fig. 4. Seatbelt Assembly Parts [1]

Fig. 5. Block Diagram of Transmitter

Fig. 7. Flow Chart of Signal Flow and System Processes

506

V.

ALGORITHM

6.

In the previous section flow chart had been discussed of the

system. To give a detailed explanation of the systems
functioning, were giving algorithm of the sequence of
processes which system will perform. Algorithm is as
mentioned below:

7.
8.

VII. APPLICATIONS

1.
2.

Latch turn system ON as driver opens the door.

System start taking inputs from Seatbelt assemblies and
Tx.
3. If PSd = 1 then
If PScd=1
If S>Rs then
Voice Output
Else
If (IRcd =0 OR PBcd =0 ) then
Voice output = cd
LED = Lcd
Else
If (IRd =0 and PBd =0)
Voice output = d
LED = Ld
Else
No Action
Else
If S>Rs then
Voice Output
Else
If (IRd =0 and PBd =0)
Voice output = d
LED = Ld
Else
No Action
Else
No Action
4. If ENGINE turns OFF then

1.
2.
3.

A. Hardware
1) Microcontroller 1
It will be mind of the system and responsible for all the
actions and output signals. It will take inputs, analyze them,
computes the desired output and finally generating the output
with efficiency.
2) RF Transmitter N
Here N is not in designers control. It will be decided by
authorities as number of sign boards will be decided by them
only. For a particular road only one transmitter required
(except Highways as vehicle moves from different population
areas and speed limit varies accordingly). The role of this part
is very important in checking speed limit of the vehicle as it
will be transferring the maximum allowable speed limit on
that particular road.
3) RF Receiver 1
It will be attached with system mounted on the vehicle. It
will be responsible to detect the Transmitter in time and
fetching the data of allowable speed limit. It is very crucial
and essential part of the system. Failure in this part will result
in partial system failure.

Stop.
VI.

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.

This system (Transmitter) can be employed in highly

populated area.
This system (Transmitter) can be incorporated at Accident
prone areas.
This system can also be used for other vehicles like
Travellers, SUVs, Heavy Vehicles etc.
VIII. TOOLS

SYSTEM turns OFF

Else Repeat step 3.
5.

Very friendly and interactive system as it using LEDs to

display error message and voice message through Speaker
to help user understand error he made.
RF Transmitters and Receiver with a range upto 200 m.
A motor to rotate key (from inside the hole) to STOP the
engine.

4) Motor 1

FEATURES

It is attached to Microcontroller through driver IC. It will

be responsible to rotate the shaft in order to either STOP the
engine or not let it start (as per the condition).

Energy efficient and smart way to turn ON the system.

System does not allow the Driver to start the vehicle
without wearing the seatbelt (to both if Co-Diver is also
present) which is a safety precaution.
Auto detection of whether Driver and/or Co-Driver
wearing the seatbelt or not.
System does not allow, vehicle to move without following
safety precaution even after successfully starting the
engine which is achieved by continuous tracking of the
signals.
Continuous monitoring and checking the speed of the
vehicle and obstructing the vehicle to run over allowable
limit.

5) Pressure Sensor 2
It will be responsible to detect presence of Driver and/or
Co-Driver (if present) and give the signal to Microcontroller.
6) IR Sensors 2
It will be detecting whether Driver and/or Co-Driver (if
present) pull the seatbelt from Retractor or not. Corresponding
signal will be sent to Microcontroller.

507

XI.

7) Push Button 2
It will be detecting whether Driver and/or Co-Driver (if
present) lock the seatbelt in Receptacle or not. Corresponding
signal will be sent to Microcontroller.

1.

B. Software

2.

1) Proteus Professional 7.7 SP2 (for Microcontrollers

other than MSP 430) [4].

3.

This software is used for automated design of electronic

circuits. The package is a system of circuit simulation, based
on the models of electronic components in PSpice. Proteus
Professional can virtually simulate the following
microcontrollers: 8051, ARM7, AVR, Motorola, PIC, Basic
Stamp.

IR
LED
GPS
RF
IDE
Environment
DSP
ARM
AVR
RISC
MSP 430
SP2
TI
PIC
SOS
E.g.
etc.

Atmel Studio 6 is the integrated development platform

(IDP) for developing and debugging Atmel ARM Cortex-M
and Atmel AVR microcontroller (MCU) based applications.
The Atmel Studio 6 IDP gives you a seamless and easy-to-use
environment to write, build and debug your applications
written in C/C++ or assembly code.
3) Code Composer Studio (for MSP 430) [6].
World-class integrated development environment (IDE)
for development and debug of embedded applications using TI
microcontrollers, ARM and/or DSP processors. It supports
following microcontrollers and processors: - Microcontrollers:
MSP430, Stellaris, C2000, Hercules and Processors: Sitara,
C6000, C5000, DaVinci.

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

2.

3.
4.

Infrared
Light Emitting Diode
Global Positioning System
Radio Frequency
Integrated
Development

Digital Signal Processing

Advanced RISC Machine
Advanced Virtual RISC
Reduced Interrupt Set Computer
Mixed Signal Processor
Service Pack 2
Texas Instruments
Peripheral Interface Controller
Signal on Signal
For Example
Etcetera

XIII. COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK

CRITICAL PARAMETERS

TABLE I.
S. No.
1

Delay between transmitting (from Transmitter) the Speed

data value and receiving (at system mounted on the
vehicle) it.
Latch which turns system ON.
Interfacing of motor with microcontroller.
Interfacing between shaft and motor to STOP or not let
the engine start (depending on the condition.
Display and voice outputs before stopping the engine.
X.

1.

Transmitter is very important part of this system and it is

mounted on the roadside. Hence, probability of its
malfunctioning increase as it can be tempered with.
In case of emergency, there is no provision yet. E.g. if
someone suffering from serious medical problem, so
driver needed to drive fast which our system cannot allow
at this stage.
Possibility of tempering the main system is there as
system is on the vehicle.
XII. ABBREVIATIONS

2) AVR Studio (for AVR Microcontroller) [5]

IX.

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

Reduction in speed limit violations. Hence, less accidents

and less casualties.
System forces use of seatbelt (a safety precaution). Hence,
in case of any mishap Driver and/or Co-Driver (if [resent)
will be safe.
Very interactive and easy to understand. So, people can
work with it easily.
Embedded with system panel. So, not easy to temper
with.

508

WORKS COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

Existing Work
In many latest car, a signal
on display panel comes
which shows the status of
seatbelts for both driver
and co-driver but not for
individual.[19][2][21][22]
In case if any one of them
not wearing the seatbelt no
action is being taken
except signal on display
panel.
Various
systems
are
already being used to
monitor vehicles speed
using camera with different
technologies but from
outside the vehicle.

Traffic security cameras

are used to produce challan
against the vehicle for
violation but it is not
helpful on the highways
and such systems cannot
be placed everywhere.

Proposed Work
An individual display will be
there for both drivers and
co-drivers seatbelt status.

An error signal will generate

with a voice to advice to
wear the seatbelt or vehicle
will stop automatically for
ignoring safety precaution.
System uses real time values
of speed limit from sign
boards on the road side and
compares it with vehicles
speed and an error signal
with voice advices to slow
down the vehicle speed or
vehicle
will
stop
automatically.
A system embedded into the
vehicle electronic system
ensure better check on speed
will hardly cost 6-8K extra
per vehicle.

Accident Prevention International Journal of Emerging

Technology and Advanced Engineering ISSN 2250-2459,
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3,
March 2014
[16] Sangita N.Gujar, Jagruti R.Panchal, Lalita K.Wani
IMPROVING SAFETY WITH OBSTACLE DETECTION
AND TRACK FOLLOWING CAR USING SENSOR, GPS
AND GSM International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN:
2321-7308
[17] U. Jyothi Kameswari, M. Satwik, A. Lokesh, G.
Venkateswara Reddy A Design Model for Automatic
Vehicle Speed Controller International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 35 No.9,
December 2011
[18] M. Abinaya, R. Uthira Devi Intelligent Vehicle Control
Using Wireless Embedded System in Transportation
System Based On GSM and GPS Technology
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile
Computing ISSN 2320088X IJCSMC, Vol. 3, Issue. 9,
September 2014, pg.244 258
[19] http://www.marutisuzuki.com/owners-manual.aspx
[20] http://www.hyundai.com/in/en/Shopping/ShoppingTools/
RequestBrochure/index.html
[21] https://www.chevrolet.co.in/download-a-brochure.html
[22] https://www.nissan.in/

XIV. FUTURE SCOPE

The project is at its seed level currently. Simulation and
testing can be done for the same. In this project, concept of
Image Recognition can be used to replace Transmitter in the
system to minimize the errors and delays being produced by
RF communication and exposed Transmitter. For case of
emergency, a GPS system can be incorporated in which Driver
need to press Emergency button which will transmit the
location and details of the vehicle or in other words an SOS
within the vehicle. This is an add-on feature.
XV. REFERENCES
[1] Aditya Pundir, Himesh Gupta, Harjeet Kaur Hawk Eye
for Traffic Rules Violation in International Conference
on Adavancements on Information Technology, Jaipur,
India, 22-23 March 2013, Paper No. ICAIT2013/O/10
[2] V. Ramya, B. Palaniappan, M. Aruljothi Embedded
System for Automatic Traffic Violation Monitoring and
Alerting International Journal of Applied Information
Systems (IJAIS) ISSN : 2249-0868, Volume 4 No.2,
September, 2012
[3] Rubini.R and Uma Makeswari.A OVER SPEED
VIOLATION MANAGEMENT OF A VEHICLE
THROUGH ZIGBEE International Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IJET) ISSN : 0975-4024
Vol 5 No 1 Feb-Mar 2013
[4] http://www.labcenter.com/products/vsm/vsm_overview.cf
m
[5] http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel_studio6/
[6] http://www.ti.com/tool/ccstudio
[7] http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/road_sa
fety/road_traffic_deaths3/atlas.html
[8] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/injury_resources.htm
[9] http://www.ralphsmyth.me.uk/citycyclists/policeclampdo
wn.html
[10] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ppt/injury/2007chartbook/injury
_figures_ppt.htm
[11] S. Vijayalakshmi Vehicle control system implementation
Using CAN protocol International Journal of Advanced
Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013
[12] V.Ramya, B. Palaniappan, K. Karthick Embedded
Controller for Vehicle In-Front Obstacle Detection and
Cabin Safety Alert System International Journal of
Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT)
Vol 4, No 2, April 2012
[13] Deepa B Chavan, Abdul Rahim Makandar, Faizul
Hakeem Khan, Syed Azimuddin Inamdar Automatic
Vehicle Speed Reduction System Using Rf Technology
Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 9), April
2014, pp.13-16
[14] T.U.Anand Santhosh Kumar1, J. Mrudula2 Advanced
Accident
Avoidance
System
for
Automobiles
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology
(IJCTT) volume 6 number 2 Dec 2013
[15] S. Vinod Rao, P. Saketh Kumar, N. Anil Kumar, MD.
Saleem Yusuf, B. Krishna Smart Zone Based Vehicle
Speed Control Using RF and Obstacle Detection and

509