GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

1. Explain why a drug blocking H+/K+ ATPase is more effective in reducing gastric acid
secretion than a drug blocking histamine 2 receptors. (50).
(AL2005 main)
2. Explain the physiological basis for dark urine in a patient with complete bile duct
obstruction. (30)
(AL2004)
3. Briefly explain the mechanisms responsible for protecting the gastric mucosa from
secreted HCL. (50)
(AL2002 main)
4. Briefly describe the role of
a. Anal sphincters in the act of defecation. (40)
b. Bile salts in fat digestion and absorption. (30)
(AL2002 CAT3)
5. Explain the physiological basis of the follwing.
a. Oral bile acid binding resins reduce serum cholesterol levels. (50)
(AL2005 CAT3)
6. a) Describe the enterohepatic circulation of bile. (35)
b) List three effects of interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile.(15)
(AL2004 CAT3)
7. 7.1 Describe the physiological basis of steatorrhoea seen in patients with common bile
duct obstruction.(50)
7.2 List the factors affecting gastric motility.
8. Cimetidine (an H2 receptor blocker) is effective in reducing pain & healing of gastric
ulcer.
9. Write briefly on the defecation reflex.(30)
10. 10.1 Briefly discuss gastric acid secretion by the parietal cells using a clearly labeled
diagram.(40)
10.2 List 4 factors that increase the rate of gastric emptying.(20)
10.3 Briefly explain why resection of the terminal ileum results in steatorrhoea.(40)
(AL1999rep)

11. Using a clearly labeled diagram explain enterohepatic circulation of bile.(30)

(AL1994 main)

12. Give the physiological basis for the pale stools in a patient with obstruction in the
common bile duct.(50)
(AL2000 rep)

13. Briefly explain the physiological basis of gastric irritation seen in patients taking long
term non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(40)
(AL2002 rep)

14. Explain briefly

a) The role of sodium in intestinal glucose absorption.(30)
b) How H2 receptor blockers tend to reduce gastric acid secretion.(30)
c) The mechanisms contributing to protect the gastric mucosa from HCl and list three
factors that tend to disrupt these mechanisms.(40)
(AL2003 main)

15. A patient with jaundice has high urinary urobilinogen,but no bilirubinuria.

15.1 Give a likely cause for his jaundice.(10)
15.2 Explain the physiological basis for your answer.(40)
(AL2007 main)

16. Using a clearly labeled diagram explain the process of HCl production by the parietal
cells of stomach.(40)
17. Explain briefly the physiological basis of microcytic hypochromic anaemia in total
gastrectomy(30)

18. Give the physiological basis for the macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia seen following total
gastrectomy.(50)
(AL1996 main)
19. Write the physiological basis of the presence of alkaline urine after a meal.(50)

20. Write briefly on intestinal influence on gastric secretion.(30)

21. Explain briefly the role of Na+ in intestinal glucose absorption.(30)

22. Explain the occurance of diarrhoea in a patient undergone resection of ileum.

23. Write briefly on gastric mucosal barrier.(40)