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ISBN 978-1-4648-0726-8

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BENCHMARKING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 2016ASSESSING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS IN 77 ECONOMIES

www.bpp.worldbank.org

BENCHMARKING PUBLIC
PROCUREMENT 2016
ASSESSING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
SYSTEMS IN 77 ECONOMIES

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BENCHMARKING PUBLIC
PROCUREMENT 2016
ASSESSING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
SYSTEMS IN 77 ECONOMIES

 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank

1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org
Some rights reserved

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Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges
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Rights and Permissions

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://
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following conditions:
AttributionPlease cite the work as follows: World Bank Group. 2016. Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016: Assessing Public Procurement Systems in 77 Economies. Washington, DC: World Bank.
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Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Glossary
Abbreviations

iv
v
vii
ix

Overview

1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

What does Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016 measure?

How are the data collected?

10

What are the methodological limitations?

14

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7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHbF\FOH



Preparing bids

18

Submitting bids

22

Evaluating bids

26

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3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

34

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First-tier review process

38

Second-tier review process

42

Notes

45

References

48

Economy datasheets

50

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&RPSODLQWDQGUHSRUWLQJPHFKDQLVPV



Contributors

130

Contents

| iii

Foreword
*RRGJRYHUQDQFHLVFUXFLDOWRWKH:RUOG%DQN*URXS:%*WZLQJRDOVRIHQGLQJSRYHUW\DQGERRVWLQJ
VKDUHGSURVSHULW\&RXQWULHVZLWKVWURQJLQVWLWXWLRQVSURVSHUE\FUHDWLQJDQHQYLURQPHQWWKDWIDFLOLWDWHV
HFRQRPLFJURZWKHQDEOHVWKHGHOLYHU\RIYDOXDEOHSXEOLFVHUYLFHVDQGHDUQVWKHFRQGHQFHRIFLWL]HQV
$VDFULWLFDOHOHPHQWRIJRRGJRYHUQDQFHSXEOLFSURFXUHPHQWSOD\VDIXQGDPHQWDOUROHLQDFKLHYLQJ
WKHWZLQJRDOVRIHQGLQJSRYHUW\DQGEXLOGLQJVKDUHGSURVSHULW\7KHSXEOLFSURFXUHPHQWPDUNHWLV
PDVVLYHQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVJRYHUQPHQWVVSHQGDQHVWLPDWHGELOOLRQD\HDUDERXWSHUcent of their budgets, on procuring goods and services. Public procurement is large in high-income
FRXQWULHVDVZHOOUHDFKLQJDERXWSHUFHQWRIWRWDOJHQHUDOJRYHUQPHQWH[SHQGLWXUHQWKHSDVW
GHFDGHSXEOLFSURFXUHPHQWKDVLQFUHDVHGIROG$QGWKLVJURZWKWUDMHFWRU\LVH[SHFWHGWRFRQWLQXH
3XEOLFSURFXUHPHQWLVDNH\YDULDEOHLQGHWHUPLQLQJGHYHORSPHQWRXWFRPHVDQGZKHQFDUULHGRXW
LQDQHFLHQWDQGWUDQVSDUHQWPDQQHULWFDQSOD\DVWUDWHJLFUROHLQGHOLYHULQJPRUHHHFWLYHSXEOLF
VHUYLFHVWFDQDOVRDFWDVDSRZHUIXOWRROIRUGHYHORSPHQWZLWKSURIRXQGO\SRVLWLYHUHSHUFXVVLRQV
for both good governance and more rapid and inclusive growth. Countries capable of controlling corUXSWLRQLQWKHSXEOLFSURFXUHPHQWVHFWRUDUHDEOHWRXVHWKHLUKXPDQDQGQDQFLDOUHVRXUFHVPRUH
HFLHQWO\DWWUDFWPRUHIRUHLJQDQGGRPHVWLFLQYHVWPHQWDQGRQDYHUDJHJURZPRUHUDSLGO\
Promoting good governance through strengthening and transforming public procurement is at the
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The 2016 edition of the Benchmarking Public Procurement report aims to support evidence-based
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HQYLURQPHQWVWKDWDHFWWKHDELOLW\RISULYDWHFRPSDQLHVWRGREXVLQHVVZLWKJRYHUQPHQWVLQ
economies. Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016EXLOGVRQFRQFHSWVDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\DFFHSWHG
SULQFLSOHVWKDWDUHXVHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH%DQNVQHZ3URFXUHPHQW3ROLF\)UDPHZRUNVXFKDV
RSHQQHVVWUDQVSDUHQF\FRPSHWLWLRQYDOXHIRUPRQH\DQGDFFRXQWDELOLW\$VWKH:%*FRQWLQXHV
WREXLOGRQWKHVHFRQFHSWVWRGHYHORSQHZWRROVDQGDSSURDFKHVWKLVZLOOEHUHHFWHGLQWKHBenchmarking Public Procurement LQGLFDWRUVLQWKHXSFRPLQJ\HDUVWRHQVXUHWKLVWRROZLOOVXSSRUWFOLHQWV
HRUWWRPRGHUQL]HDQGUHIRUPWKHLUSURFXUHPHQWV\VWHPVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQVOHDGLQJWRLPSURYHG
JRYHUQDQFHDQGHFLHQF\LQSXEOLFVHFWRUSURFXUHPHQW

iv |

Robert Hunja

Augusto Lopez-Claros

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Governance Global Practice

Development Economics

The World Bank Group

The World Bank Group

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Acknowledgments
The Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Purchasing), Paulo Magina (Organisation for

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Economic Co-operation and Development),

Saliola with the support of Tania Ghossein

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Claros. Members of the core team include

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Elisabeth Danon, Natalia Del Valle Catoni, Iana

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The team is grateful to the American Bar As-

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SDUWLFXODUO\WRWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO/HJDO5HVRXUFH

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Center for its assistance with data collection

leagues at the World Bank Group for valuable

across 77 economies.

JXLGDQFH W ZRXOG HVSHFLDOO\ OLNH WR DFNQRZOedge the comments and assistance received

The team is indebted to the following individu-

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als for pro bono feedback and guidance at vari-

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Forum), Nikolai Akimov (Moscow Metropolitan

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David Francis, Indermit Gill, Catherine Greene,

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Shawkat M.Q. Hasan, Asif Mohammed Islam,

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of Atlanta), Barbara Humpton (Siemens), Brigid

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Maas (National Institute of Governmental

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Acknowledgments

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Trade of the Australian Government.

8QLWVZLWKLQWKH:RUOG%DQN*URXSNLQGO\SURvided assistance in the data collection process

The Benchmarking Public Procurement online

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their respective countries.

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for law students to conduct legal research for

at Communications Development Incorpo-

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sisted in the data collection and legal research

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under the team members supervision include

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Esna Abdulamit, Charlene Atkinson, Samantha

Wilson.

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016 would

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have not been possible without the generous

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tering or advising on the relevant legal and

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measured. The names of those wishing to be

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end of this report and are made available on

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the Benchmarking Public Procurement website:

Bank Multi-Donor Research Support Budget as

http://bpp.worldbank.org.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Glossary
Bid

Complaint mechanism

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WKH DFWV DQG SURFHGXUHV RI D SURFXULQJ HQWLW\

or provide services.

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the legal framework.

Bid evaluation
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and assess submitted bids in relation to the

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established for each procurement.

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Bid security

responsibilities.

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Cost

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cludes arrangements such as bank guarantees,

throughout the public procurement process.

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8QRFLDO RU XQODZIXO SD\PHQWV RU EULEHV DUH

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not counted as costs. Professional fees (for

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ODZ\HUVRURWKHUH[SHUWVDUHFRXQWHGDVDFRVW

H[FOXGHV DQ\ VHFXULW\ IRU WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI

RQO\LIVXSSOLHUVDUHUHTXLUHGWRXVHVXFKVHU-

WKH FRQWUDFW 81&75$/ 0RGHO RQ 3XEOLF 3UR-

YLFHVE\ODZ$OOFRVWVDUHLQ86GROODUV

curement of 2011).

First-tier review
Bidding documents (tender documents)

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Documents presenting the terms of tender, the

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general conditions of the contract and the tenGHUVSHFLFDWLRQV

Misconduct
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Call for tender

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The public invitation for all suppliers to submit

corruption and other illegal activitiesthat

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UDLVHVUHGDJVDQGPD\EHUHSRUWHGWRGLHU-

services.

ent government and anti-corruption entities.

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| vii

Open tendering

Regulatory framework

Method of procurement involving public and

Applied to the Benchmarking Public Procurement

unrestricted solicitation under which all inter-

indicators, the framework comprises all public

ested suppliers can submit a bid.

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RI JHQHUDO DSSOLFDWLRQ ELQGLQJ MXGLFLDO GHFL-

Procurement contract

sions and administrative rulings in connection

Awarded to the supplier that submitted the

with public procurement.

winning bid, it establishes the details of the

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Standing

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and/or bidder, to bring suit against the procur-

Procurement life cycle

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DVVHVVPHQW E\ WKH SURFXULQJ HQWLW\ DQG HQGV

Second-tier review

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In a second review or appeal, an administraWLYHRUMXGLFLDOERG\KDVWKHDXWKRULW\WRLVVXHD

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3XEOLF RFLDO ZKR LV GLUHFWO\ RU LQGLUHFWO\ LQvolved in the public procurement process.

Tender
Designation of the proposal, or bid, submitted

Procurement plan

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3ODQRIH[SHQGLWXUHLVVXHGE\WKHJRYHUQPHQW
to establish its procuring needs over a delim-

Tender notice

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The document inviting all suppliers to submit

trimester).

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services.

Procuring entity

viii |

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Whistleblower

procurement in accord with the national or

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ORFDOSURFXUHPHQWUHJXODWRU\IUDPHZRUN

tivities that are illegal or dishonest.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Abbreviations
EU

(XURSHDQ8QLRQ

GNI

gross national income

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

SAR

special administrative region

SMEs

small and medium enterprises

UNCITRAL

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WTO

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Abbreviations

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Overview
If you think outsourcing, contract management

when compared with the strong administrative

and public-private partnerships are modern

V\VWHPV RI WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU7 More techniques

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and approaches from business administration

of ancient civilizations acquire goods, works and

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services? There is no way they could have built

Because of the challenges of globalization and

the Giza pyramids or the Parthenon without good

technological change, public procurement has

SXEOLFSURFXUHPHQWV\VWHPV

since become one of the principal economic activiWLHVRIJRYHUQPHQWV9

Doing business with the government can be traced

EDFN VHYHUDO WKRXVDQG \HDUV 7KH UVW SURFXUH-

Public procurement accounts for around one-

ment order from around 2500 BCE was found in

IWK RI JOREDO JURVV GRPHVWLF SURGXFW *'3

6\ULDLQDUHGFOD\WDEOHW In ancient Egypt scribes

In most high-income economies the purchase

managed the supply of materials and workers for

of goods and services accounts for a third of

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total public spending,10 and in developing

noting the amount of materials needed and plan-

HFRQRPLHVDERXWKDOI*LYHQLWVVL]HWKHSXEOLF

QLQJWKHZRUNSURFHVVRQSDS\UXVUROOV

procurement market can improve public sector

performance, promote national competitiveBy the Middle Ages the institutions that developed

ness and drive domestic economic growth.

public procurement besides the monarchy were the

And it can boost economic development. But

church and the militaryfor buildings, warfare and

WKHEHQHWVJREH\RQGJHWWLQJYDOXHIRUPRQH\

FRXUWV3 As the cities in Europe continued to grow and

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industrialize, governments relied more on private

FXUHPHQW DGGUHVVHV VXFK SROLF\ REMHFWLYHV

VXSSOLHUVIRUJRRGVZRUNVDQGVHUYLFHV+RZHYHULW

as promoting sustainable and green procure-

was not until the late 1800s that state legislatures in

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the United States began to create boards or bureaus

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during the two World Wars, modern procurement

small and medium enterprises.

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volved to divert public funds for private gain.

Overview

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the private sector during a needs assessment

high costs on both the government and the civil

and the time for reviewing protests in case of

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complaints.

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its role of driving the prices down and the qual-

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11 economies in 2014, the data collection was

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pairing economic development. Since it raises

ing Public Procurement measures internation-

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and services, corruption in public procurement

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preparing, submitting and evaluating bids,

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pediments to a well-functioning procurement

are available for governments to combat cor-

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rupt practices related to public contracts.

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opaque decisions are an important weapon in

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of a service.

that balance various stakeholders diverging

goals would impair economic development

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in the single most important marketplace in

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developed and developing countries. After

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all, public procurement is a business process

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Public

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provides

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of the procurement process, encouraging more

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to participate, which can increase competition,

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allow government agencies to deliver better

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sented so far, such as the consultations with

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

The transparency of public procurement

sophisticated platforms for conducting the en-

regulations is far from optimal.

tire procurement process online.

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laws and regulations reveal that most of the 77

market access and competition, enhanced

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es regulations are silent on details essential

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to suppliers, such as the legal time needed to

opportunities for corruption. But e-procure-

obtain a decision after lodging a complaint. In

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other instances, the laws do not facilitate equal

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access to information for all suppliersfor

implemented.

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The Benchmarking Public Procurement data

of a tender to the discretion of the procuring

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is still not possible for users to access tender

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documents from the electronic procurement

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portal. Even more worrisome, when website

with the private sector, when it takes place.

visitors in several countries click on a tender

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in all the economies measured, OECD high-

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income economies do hold higher standards of

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an electronic platform. In a few countries like

Chile and the Republic of Korea, electronic

There is a clear move toward the use of

submission of bids has become the rule. But in

electronic means in conducting public

most economies measured, e-bidding remains

procurement.

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Of the 77 economies measured, 73 have a web-

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site dedicated to public procurement. Some are

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more advanced than others, and governments

are using them for various purposes, whether

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it is to facilitate the bidding process, the award

and sound public procurement regulations,

of contracts to bidders or to support the man-

their implementation lags behind.

agement of the procurement contract (such

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the respect of the safeguards in placeit also

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process. Benchmarking Public Procurement data

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provide some evidence on the implementation

Overview

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by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value
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and medium enterprises (SMEs) to a greater

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to the public procurement market. The require-

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complaint, a rule in 4 economies, adds to the

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bodies to assess a complaint and issue their de-

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ment, Benchmarking Public Procurement data

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show that it is a standard practice to hire a legal

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Transaction costs are still high in a number

discretion of procuring entities in setting the

of instances throughout the public procure-

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ment process.

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estimated value of the contract, hindering the

value or not regulated at all. In some economies,

participation of bidders with limited resources.

Overview

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1. About Benchmarking
Public Procurement 2016
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Benchmarking Public Procurement is a work in

ventions and instruments have been devel-

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Bank Groups Doing Business report, which has

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worldwide. These instruments have generated

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ing reform.13 Doing Business assesses the busi-

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prove their national laws and regulations. The

good practices. Since its inception in 2003 it

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has inspired close to 2,300 reforms in busi-

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have adopted instruments to foster the har-

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governments assess the performance of their

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information tool to the private sector and civil

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What does Benchmarking Public

Procurement 2016 measure?

Anti-Corruption Working Group, Benchmarking

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cepted good practices and principles to develop

Benchmarking

comparative indicators for 77 economies.12

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business with the government. It focuses on

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contract, whether for delivering a good, provid-

ment for public procurement around the world.

ing a service or performing construction work.

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Public

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that spending.
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1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement

|7

Figure 1.1 Benchmarking Public Procurement thematic coverage

Preparing bids

Awarding and
executing the contract

Complaint and
reporting mechanisms

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bids

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1.1):

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bid evaluation is an open and fair

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contracts.

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place before a supplier submits a bid.

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rulings setting precedents in public procure-

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a public procurement tendering process

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use such services.

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renowned public procurement specialists and

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sultative group.17

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as some characteristics of the second-

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jure and de facto indicators. De jure indicators

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capture the characteristics of laws and regu-

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1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement

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basis for developing the benchmarked areas of

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the complaint and reporting mechanisms.

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Questionnaires emailed to local contributors in the

measured countries

data, providing insights into good practices

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Data collected by email, telephone or personal

interviews

the data cover whether open tendering is the

default method of procurement across the
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to increase competition in public procurement

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sector.

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contributors to validate data

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Step
8

'DWDDQGLQGLFDWRUVVKDUHGIRUYDOLGDWLRQDQGUHYLHZ
ZLWKJRYHUQPHQWVDQG:RUOG%DQN*URXSFRXQWU\
RFHV

cies in the answers the contributors provide,

including conference calls and written correVSRQGHQFH7KHSUHOLPLQDU\DQVZHUVDUHWKHQ
QDOL]HG DQG VKDUHG ZLWK JRYHUQPHQWV IRU

Step
9

further validation. The data in this report were

FROOHFWHGXSWR0DUFKDQGGRQRWLQFOXGH
DQ\ FKDQJHV DIWHU WKDW )LJXUH  VKRZV WKH

Step
10

steps in the process from data collection to

public release.

10 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Step
11

Report and indicators peer reviewed by renowned

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5HSRUWDQGLQGLFDWRUVFOHDUHGE\:RUOG%DQN*URXS
PDQDJHPHQW

3XEOLFDWLRQDQGODXQFKRIBenchmarking Public
Procurement 2016 report and online database

Selection of contributors

Professional

service

providers

recom-

The main contributors to the questionnaire

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ZHUH ODZ UPV RWKHU SURIHVVLRQDO VHUYLFHV

Bank Group.

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UPV SXEOLF RFLDOV LQYROYHG LQ SURFXUH-

/DZ\HUV DQG RWKHU SURIHVVLRQDO VHUYLFHV SUR-

ment tenders, chambers of commerce, law

viders were well positioned to complete the

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TXHVWLRQQDLUHV 7KH\ FRXOG SURYLGH PRUH XS

PHQW H[SHUWV 7KHVH LQGLYLGXDOV DQG RUJDQL-

WRGDWH UHVSRQVHV EDVHG RQ WKHLU H[SHULHQFHV

]DWLRQV KDYH NQRZOHGJH RI WKHLU HFRQRPLHV

DGYLVLQJ FOLHQWV QYROYLQJ YDULRXV H[SHUWV LQ-

OHJDO DQG UHJXODWRU\ IUDPHZRUNV IRU SXEOLF

FUHDVHV WKH DFFXUDF\ RI WKH GDWD E\ EDODQFLQJ

SURFXUHPHQW DQG H[SHULHQFH DGYLVLQJ VXS-

RXWWKHSRWHQWLDOELDVHVRIGLHUHQWVWDNHKROG-

pliers wishing to do business with their

ers. Reaching out to both the private and public

government.

sectors also helps in comparing the views and

insights of all stakeholders in the public pro-

Contributors were selected based on their in-

FXUHPHQWV\VWHP

WHUHVWDYDLODELOLW\DQGZLOOLQJQHVVWRFRQWULEXWH
WR WKH SURMHFW pro bono 7KH\ ZHUH LGHQWLHG

7KH PDMRULW\ RI GDWD SRLQWV IHHGLQJ LQWR WKH

SULPDULO\IURPWKHIROORZLQJVRXUFHV

GLHUHQW Benchmarking Public Procurement inGLFDWRUV DUH IDFWEDVHG DQG FRUURERUDWHG E\

QWHUQDWLRQDO JXLGHV LGHQWLI\LQJ OHDG-

the Benchmarking Public Procurement WHDP E\

ing providers of legal services, such as

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Chambers and Partners, Martindale and

)/5

Data comparability
&RPSDUDELOLW\LVDWWKHFRUHRIWKHBenchmark-

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ing Public Procurement SURMHFW )ROORZLQJ WKH

UPVZLWKH[WHQVLYHJOREDOQHWZRUNV

methodological foundations of Doing Business,

Benchmarking Public Procurement takes the

Members of the American Bar Associa-

same sets of questions to all economies. Stan-

WLRQ FRXQWU\ EDU DVVRFLDWLRQV FKDPEHUV

GDUGL]HG GDWD LQGLVSHQVDEOH IRU YDOLG FURVV

of commerce and other membership

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RUJDQL]DWLRQV

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3URIHVVLRQDO VHUYLFHV SURYLGHUV LGHQWLHG

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on the websites of embassies, public pro-

reliance on detailed assumptions of a case

curement agencies, business chambers

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DQGRWKHUORFDORUJDQL]DWLRQV

curement questionnaires and applied across all

1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement

| 11

HFRQRPLHVJOREDOO\$VVXPSWLRQVJXLGLQJFRQ-

SURYLGHGLQWKHDVVXPSWLRQVDUHQRWDWYDOXHV

tributors through their completion of the sur-

but proportional to the gross national income

YH\TXHVWLRQQDLUHVSHUWDLQWRWKHSURFXUHPHQW

*1SHUFDSLWDRIWKHHFRQRP\

FRQWUDFWWKHVXSSO\LQJUPZLOOLQJWRVXEPLWD
ELGDQGWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHSURFXUHPHQW$K\-

Thanks to these assumptions, data collec-

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WLRQ FDQ EH FRVWHFLHQWO\ DSSOLHG WR D ODUJH

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number of economies and overcome deep

LQJ IRU WKH SURFXUHPHQW RI LWV SURGXFWV ER[

VWUXFWXUDO GLHUHQFHV WKDW FRXOG MHRSDUGL]H

7KHLQGXVWU\VHOHFWHGPXVWWRWKHH[WHQW

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To be relevant and to provide up-to-date

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LQIRUPDWLRQ WR SROLF\ PDNHUV WKH GDWDVHW UH-

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cords reforms and highlights new trends in

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of public procurement rules. In addition, again

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LQ WKH LQWHUHVW RI FRPSDUDELOLW\ WKH YDOXHV

DOORZVPHDVXULQJSURJUHVVRYHUWKH\HDUV

%R[Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016 assumptions

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WKHPDLQEXVLQHVVFLW\$PHGLXPVL]HFRPSDQ\LWKDVWRHPSOR\HHVDQGJHQHUDWHVDQQXDO
turnover equivalent to 100 times the GNI per capita.
7KHSURFXULQJHQWLW\LVDORFDODXWKRULW\LQWKHPDLQEXVLQHVVFLW\WKDWLVSODQQLQJWREX\ZLGJHWV
equivalent to 20 times the GNI per capita. It initiates a public call for tender, following an open
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is complete. It includes all required documents. It is unambiguous. And it provides a price quotation free of mistakes.
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HQWLW\UHJXODWHGE\DQ\VSHFLFODZRUUHJXODWLRQRWKHUWKDQWKHRQHVDSSOLFDEOHWRJHQHUDOSXEOLF
procurement.

Note: The term widgetUHIHUVWRXQQDPHGDUWLFOHVFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKHK\SRWKHWLFDOH[DPSOH

12 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Aggregating the data

to good practice on a certain subindicator, are

The Benchmarking Public Procurement indica-

in the top quintile. Economies with a score of 20

WRUV DUH DJJUHJDWHG E\ VXEWRSLF DQG DUH GH-

or less are in the bottom quintile in the charts,

VLJQHGWRKHOSSROLF\PDNHUVHYDOXDWHWKHLUV\V-

ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW WKH HFRQRP\ KDV D ORW WR

WHPV SHUIRUPDQFH LQ D VSHFLF DUHD RI SXEOLF

LPSURYHLQWKHOLJKWRILQWHUQDWLRQDOO\DFFHSWHG

procurement (table 1.1).

good practices and principles on what Benchmarking Public Procurement measures. The re-

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maining three categories are in quintiles 2, 3 or

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LQWKHFKDUWVUHVSHFWLYHO\!bDQGb!b

PXQLW\ DUH DJJUHJDWHG WKURXJK VFRUHV 7KH

DQG b  ! DQG b  $OO GDWD SRLQWV XVHG

scoring method allocates the same weight to all

to aggregate the Benchmarking Public Procure-

EHQFKPDUNV 6FRUHV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ YH FDW-

ment indicators are listed at the beginning of

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  DQG  (FRQRPLHV ZLWK D

RQWKHSURMHFWVZHEVLWHKWWSESSZRUOGEDQN

score of 81 or more, which are considered close

.org).

Table 1.1 What Benchmarking Public Procurement measuresseven areas in two themes

Indicator 1: Public procurement life cycle

zPreparing bids
zSubmitting bids
zEvaluating bids
z$ZDUGLQJDQGH[HFXWLQJFRQWUDFWV

Indicator 2: Complaint and reporting mechanisms

z$YDLODELOLW\RIFRPSODLQWDQGUHSRUWLQJPHFKDQLVPV
zFirst-tier review process
zSecond-tier review process

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FROOHFWHGDUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHUHSRUWFKDSWHU

1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement

| 13

Awarding points based on the content of the

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ODZWHQGVWRDGYDQWDJHHFRQRPLHVWKDWV\VWHP-

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DWLFDOO\ FRGLI\ UXOHV 7KHUHIRUH Benchmarking

of procurement contracts awarded in a given

Public Procurement also measures questions on

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the implementation of laws in practice and the

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WLPHDQGFRVWWRIXOOOUHTXLUHGSURFHGXUHV$V

indicators of a well-functioning procurement

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V\VWHP Q DGGLWLRQ WKH\ GR QRW WDNH LQWR DF-

PHQW RI WKH SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHPV SUDFWLFHV

count the impact of fraud and corruption,

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)LQDOO\QRWDOOWKHGDWDFROOHFWHGDQGSXEOLVKHG

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are scored. Information was also collected for

instruments.

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WKHSURMHFWVZHEVLWH

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Benchmarking Public Procurement indicators

Geographical coverage

make the data comparable at a global level,

The 2016 report covers 77 economies in seven

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UHJLRQV JXUH  Q  WKH SURMHFW ZDV

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piloted in 11 economies: Afghanistan, Chile,

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As a result the assessment focuses on national

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8QLWHG 6WDWHV $ SURJUHVV UHSRUW KLJKOLJKWLQJ

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common trends in public procurement regu-

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lations and related practices was published

DOVRPDNHVQRVHFWRUVSHFLFDVVHVVPHQW

(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

Whats next?
What are the methodological
limitations?

Following in the footsteps of Doing Business, the

Benchmarking Public ProcurementPHWKRGRORJ\

The Benchmarking Public Procurement indica-

will continue to improve. The team is scaling

tors do not measure the full range of factors,

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to include topics such as Suspension and debar-

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PHQWRISULYDWHUPV.

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14 |

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In addition, practice-related questions will be

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Figure 1.3. Geographical coverage of Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

(DVW$VLDDQG3DFLF

Europe and Central Asia

(10 economies)

(10 economies)

Hong Kong SAR, China

Philippines

$]HUEDLMDQ

Romania

Indonesia

Singapore

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Russian Federation*

0DOD\VLD

Taiwan, China

Bulgaria

Serbia

Mongolia

Thailand*

.\UJ\]5HSXEOLF

7XUNH\

0\DQPDU

Vietnam

Moldova

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Latin America and the Caribbean

Middle East and North Africa

(13 economies)

(7 economies)

Argentina

Guatemala

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Bolivia

Haiti

Nicaragua

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Honduras

Peru

Colombia

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8UXJXD\

Ecuador

Algeria

/HEDQRQ

Bahrain

Morocco

(J\SW$UDE5HS

Tunisia

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OECD high income

South Asia

(16 economies)

(2 economies)
Afghanistan*

Nepal

Sub-Saharan Africa
(19 economies)

Australia

Korea, Rep.

Austria

Poland

Canada

Netherlands

Chile*

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Botswana

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France

Spain

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Congo, Dem. Rep.

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Senegal

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Ghana*

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1. About Benchmarking Public Procurement

_

16 |

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)LQDOO\WKHUHSRUWVQGLQJVZLOOEHDSSOLHGLQWKH

WKH UVW VWHS LQ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ SURFXUHPHQW

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World Bank Group colleagues and other partner

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in the development of the Benchmarking Public

future Benchmarking Public Procurement reports

ProcurementSURMHFW

even more useful as a resource.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

2. The procurement
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information and open procurement markets

can occur at every step of the procurement life

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F\FOH (DFK VWHS FRPHV ZLWK LWV RZQ VHW RI ULVNV

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but the lack of transparency, bottle neck regula-

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tions, unexpected delays and unequal access to

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information are challenges that suppliers can

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face all the way from the need assessment phase

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to awarding and implementing the procurement

and processes for submitting and evaluating

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ELGV WKH SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHP LV GUDLQHG RI

and strict implementation of regulations, have

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an important role in making the overall process

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HDVLHU IRU FRPSDQLHV *HQHUDOO\ VSHDNLQJ LQWHUnational good practices can be used as goals

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the private sector through four phases. In the

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UVWSKDVHpreparing bidsWKHSURFXULQJHQWLW\

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sets the stage for the rest of the procurement

system, identify risks and opportunity, and adopt

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targeted rules that will address these risks and

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sector can provide and crafting the technical

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phase, submitting bids, it has to advertise the

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procurement to the private sector so that

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potential bidders can create and submit their

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RHUVQWKHWKLUGSKDVHevaluating bids, it eval-

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(QVXULQJ WKDW VXSSOLHUV FDQ HDVLO\ EHFRPH

awarding and executing contracts, it awards the

aware of tendering opportunities, obtain cop-

contract to the supplier that submitted the win-

ies of tender documents, and understand how

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and on what grounds bids are evaluated are

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make procurement regimes more transpar-

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ing/tendering department for all ministries.)

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| 17

This chapter presents some of the Benchmark-

When assessing their needs and researching

ing Public Procurement QGLQJV IRU WKH IRXU

potential solutions, procuring entities often

SKDVHV RI WKH SURFXUHPHQW OLIH F\FOH LQ 

need to consult with the private sector to deter-

economies.

mine the solutions available, a process called

Preparing bids

PDUNHWUHVHDUFK(DUO\FRPPXQLFDWLRQZLWKWKH
private sector often shapes the procurement,
PRVW QRWDEO\ WKH WHFKQLFDO VSHFLFDWLRQV UH-

The Metropolitan Municipal District of Quito, Ec-

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uador, just had elections and the people of Quito

a few suppliers are consulted during the mar-

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NHW UHVHDUFK RWKHU VXSSOLHUV PD\ QRW EH DEOH

mayor made it a priority to address some issues

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LQWKHSXEOLFVFKRROV\VWHP2QHJRDOZDVWRSUR-

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vide new desks, chairs, blackboards and chalks to

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sider the full menu of options available, and

about to initiate a call for tender for a procure-

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ment contract following an open and competitive

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SURFHGXUH
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Meanwhile, a company with experience supplying

chooses the appropriate procurement mecha-

furniture for public schools was considering seek-

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LQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVZLWKWKH'LVWULFWRI4XLWRWZDV

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about to negotiate a contract with an important

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private school in the city, which would demand its

encouraged to compete, certain baseline infor-

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mation has to be included in tender documents,

want to miss any opportunity with the District of

and a notice of tender is to be advertised, pref-

Quito, since providing supplies to several public

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VFKRROVRYHUDORQJSHULRGZRXOGEHPRUHSURW-

through a central online procurement portal.

able than supplying a single private school for two

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PRQWKV

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The company was looking for some clarity on

18 |

WKH SULRULWLHV DQG QHHGV RI WKH SXEOLF VFKRROV

Various elements of the preparation period

Would the District of Quito advertise its needs?

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If so, where? Would it publish a procurement

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plan? What information would the advertisement

procurement plan is critical for anticipating

contain?

and planning the preparation of a proposal.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

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SXEOLFO\ DGYHUWLVH DQ\ LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH

the requirements to meet and the assessment

private sector during market research. Such

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DGYHUWLVHPHQWSURPRWHVWKHWUDQVSDUHQF\DQG

ating proposalsare essential for a supplier to

LQWHJULW\RIWKHSURFXUHPHQWSURFHVV

gauge its chances of winning the contract.

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Preparing bids captures elements of the pro-

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cess for all interested parties to provide their

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calibrated data points it measures the ease for

curement, under certain conditions. Indeed in

prospective bidders to become aware of ten-

Argentina, when the amount of the contract or

dering opportunities, make an informed deci-

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sion on whether to submit a bid and acquire

a call for consultation is published online for a

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pare a proposal.

submit comments.20 Q %UD]LO D SXEOLF FRQVXO-

18

WDWLRQLVPDQGDWRU\GD\VEHIRUHSXEOLVKLQJ

Advertise the procuring entitys needs

the tender documents for high-value construc-

assessment

tion and engineering contracts.

During the needs assessment phase, the proFXULQJ HQWLW\ FDQ HQJDJH WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU WR

Algeria, Canada, Chile, Poland and Taiwan,

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tations with the private sector during market

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research. In Canada, Chile and Taiwan, China

tender notice. To provide an equal opportu-

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required to be public, and notices are published

Figure 2.1 Preparing bids

Preparing bids

Submitting
bids

Evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contract

Advertise the procuring entity's needs assessment

Publish the procurement plan
Advertise the call for tenders
Include key elements in the tender notice and tender documents

7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

_

online to reach a wide audience. In Poland, the

+RZHYHUPDQ\HFRQRPLHVFRQWLQXHWREURDG-

SURFXULQJ HQWLW\ PXVW SXEOLVK D QRWLFH RQOLQH

cast calls for tenders through traditional chan-

and include information on the consultations

nels. Indeed, traditional channels provide

in the tender documents.

information in countries where SMEs have less

21

FDSDFLW\DQGOHVVDFFHVVWRRQOLQHSRUWDOV

Publish the procurement plan and

advertise the call for tenders

In all economies measured, open calls for ten-

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ders are advertised on at least one channel, but

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est them and grant them more time to prepare

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the transition to electronic communication sup-

quired to publish their procurement plan.

port has started but not been completed. In

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0RUH LPSRUWDQW ZLGHO\ DGYHUWLVLQJ WKH FDOO

on a link to access tender notices, but no details

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are published on the corresponding page.

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suppliers access to tendering opportunities.

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notice and tender documents

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cation of open tenders in at least a newspaper

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of wide national circulation or on a unique of-

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will use to assess bids. Both elements should

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be included either in the tender notice or in

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Channeling information to private companies

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RQ WKH :HE LV JHQHUDOO\ D JRRG SUDFWLFH %XW

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in countries where internet access can pose a

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According to the OECDs MAPS the content of

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allow for a transition period so that the tender-

tion to enable potential bidders to determine

ing information and materials remain accessible

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through traditional communication channels.

law provide for minimum content of the tender

notice and tender documents? Do the tender

20 |

With online procurement platforms the legal

notice and tender documents feature technical

IUDPHZRUN LQ PDQ\ HFRQRPLHV KDV EHHQ

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sessing bids?

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Figure 2.2 The internet is the most common channel used for the publication of the
procurement plan and tender notices (when required)

86%

Online
2FLDOJD]HWWH
MRXUQDORUSXEOLFDWLRQ

32%

1DWLRQDOORFDOQHZVSDSHU

14%

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support of the
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required

11%

92%

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53%

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48%

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support of tender
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required

29%

3%

At one end of the spectrum is Mauritius, where

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the same channel in two countries, it does not

der notice or in the tender documents. At the

mean that this information held on this chan-

other end is Burundi, where the law provides

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a list of elements required for both the tender

notice and tender documents, and where both

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PXVW LQFOXGH WKH WHFKQLFDO DQG QDQFLDO UH-

does the law provide that the requirements

quirements that bidders have to meet and the

and assessment criteria be included in the ten-

criteria for assessing bids.

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7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

| 21

read tender documents to obtain this informa-

)RU D VPDOO FRPSDQ\ VHYHUDO HOHPHQWV FRPH

WLRQ%XWLQ%ROLYLDDFRPSDQ\FRXOGGRZQORDG

LQWRSOD\EHWZHHQWKHPRPHQWDFDOOIRUWHQGHU

these documents from the electronic platform

is advertised and the moment it submits a bid

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pate in the tendering. If it decides to do so, it

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fee to obtain the tender documents. If a com-

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imposes.

locations, obtaining the documents could be

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Submitting bids

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ease the tasks for prospective bidders. For inVWDQFH PDNLQJ LW PDQGDWRU\ IRU WKH HQWLW\ WR
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theres a reasonable chance you could get stuck

ter access to information. Ensuring that the

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has twice as many elevators as New York, many of

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ing that tender documents be distributed for

Moscow launched a program to renew the old-

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transaction costs that could deter participation.

initiate a call for tender, following an open and

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22 |

An experienced elevator supplier was interested

when it comes to bid submission. In countries

in responding to the call for tender and to be in

where accessing the internet is not challeng-

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company was looking for clarity in regards to the

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process of submitting a bid for this particular

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can request from bidders also helps prevent

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prepare and submit the bid? Would it have to post

locating a reasonable time to submit a bid is an

bid security along with the bid?

important element for bidders.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

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(ELGGLQJ FDQ DOVR EH SRVVLEOH IRU MXVW D IHZ

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government agencies, as in Hong Kong SAR,

practice facilitate bidders access to informa-

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tion while preparing their bids and ease the bid

ment can receive bids online. Restrictions can

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process to bid online. As a result, e-bidding

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mandated at the national level and across all

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open calls for tender.

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procedures and reduces transaction costs for

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duce transaction costs for bidders. While less

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platform or another website, it is allowed in 17

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Minimum time to submit bids

electronic means at all stages of the procedure,

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submit their bids can ensure fairness, espe-

ticipation and, in particular, the transmission of

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the tenders (electronic submission), should be

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samples and performing other time-consuming

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smaller companies have less chance to meet the

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deadline and submit a solid proposal. But for ef-

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strike the right balance between fairness and

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the case of framework agreements. In Morocco

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count versus online platform and email.

through the portal but is not required to do so.

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procurement shows that a longer timeframe to

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| 23

Figure 2.3 Submitting bids

Preparing bids

Submitting
bids

Evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contract

Electronic submission of bids

Minimum time granted to submit bids
Bid security, when required, is regulated

Figure 2.4 Bids can be submitted online or by email in 47 economies

Option to submit
bids via email in
16 economies

Both options
possible in
11 economies

Option to submit
bids on an
electronic
procurement
platform or another
website in
31 economies

1RWH1RRSWLRQZDVDYDLODEOHIRUHFRQRPLHV

24 |

VXEPLWDELGLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\EHWWHUQGHHG

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the directive lowered the minimum time for

does the law not provide a minimum timeframe

suppliers to submit a bid for above threshold

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Thailand.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Figure 2.5 The gap is 83 days between the longest and shortest timeframes allocated to submit
bids for open tendering

Jamaica

90

Poland

52

Italy

52

France

52

Brazil

45

Egypt, Arab Rep.

10

Thailand

Korea, Rep.

Indonesia

Vietnam

7
0

20

40

60

80

100

Days

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submitting a bid and grant better chances to

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a favored candidate. To avoid such abuse the

until the selection is made. On the amount

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RI ELG VHFXULW\ WKHUH LV QR LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ DF-

value of the bid or the contract, that procuring

cepted good practice. The amount should be

entities are entitled to request from suppliers.

substantial enough that it deters suppliers

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deter potential bidders. Since the amount of

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also provide a list of acceptable forms of bid

other bidders with limited resources. Procuring

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ing entities, can choose the form that best suits

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them.

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amount that procuring entities can ask for, as

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pala, Uganda, create a challenge for pedestrians

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City has decided to address the road congestion that

cretion. For other economies the value of the

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procurement contract or the bidders proposal

new road infrastructure is extremely costly and time-

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mum that procuring entities can request. In

cided to purchase a large number of street and traf-

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of its bid or the estimated contract price. But in

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plier specializing in the production of signs such

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as stop, yield, speed limit, no parking, school zone

of the contract.27 Such variation would makes

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and produce on demand, that supplier believed it

spond to the call for tender.

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Figure 2.6 The bid security in the 66 economies where imposed can range between 0.5% and
100% of contract value, or be left to the discretion of the procuring entity

Number of economies

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bid security
is not
requested

26 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Maximum
amount of
bid security
is between
0.5% and 2%
of the bid
price

Maximum
amount of
bid security
is between
2% and 5%
of the bid
price

Maximum
amount of
bid security
is more
than 5% of
the bid
price

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amount of
bid security
is not
regulated

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of it will be recorded.

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with all others, be opened immediately once the

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bid submission deadline is reached? Would the

tion is open, transparent and fair to guarantee

company be allowed to attend the bid opening

bidders that the process follows the best stan-

session? Would the bid opening session be record-

GDUGVRIWUDQVSDUHQF\JXUH28

HG":RXOGWKHSURFXUHPHQWRFLDOVLQFKDUJHRI
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Timeframe to proceed with the

bid evaluation committee?

ELGbRSHQLQJ
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The bid opening session should be transparent

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and the bid evaluation should follow the tech-

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periodor indicates the timeframe for the bid

detailed in the tender documents. But if the

opening session to take place.

legal framework does not provide clear enough

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Q%ROLYLDDFRPSDQ\FDQUHIHUWRWKHPDQGDWR-

parent enough about how bids are evaluated,

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suppliers can perceive the evaluation phase as

for each procurement, which states the date,

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time and place for the bid opening session. In

prefers to do business with. If this perception

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of the bid opening session, but that can be up

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opt out of the procurement market.

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Several good practices help procuring entities

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avoid the perception that their bid evaluation

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the legal framework is vague and guarantees

framework should set forth clear procedures to

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follow as soon as bids are submitted. The pro-

sible or practicable.

cess should include scheduling the bid opening

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In Afghanistan, Cameroon and Morocco a

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tions should describe the bid opening process,

respect the time imposed to proceed with the

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bid opening.

7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

| 27

Figure 2.7 Evaluating bids

Preparing bids

Submitting
bids

Evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contract

Timeframe to proceed with the bid opening

Who attends the bid opening
3URFXUHPHQWRFLDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHELGHYDOXDWLRQ

Who attends the bid opening

information about the session. Note that the

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UHJXODWRU\IUDPHZRUNWKHUHDOORZVIRUSURFXUH-

ELGGLQJV\VWHPDOOELGGHUVRUWKHLUUHSUHVHQWD-

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tives should be able to attend the bid opening

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session.

in person.

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Q&DQDGD+RQJ.RQJ6$5&KLQDUHODQG/HE-

allow the presence of bidders and their repre-

DQRQ DQG 0DOD\VLD WKH UHJXODWRU\ IUDPHZRUN

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is silent on who can attend the bid opening

those are open to the public. In cases where

session.

SURFXUHPHQWLVFRQGXFWHGHOHFWURQLFDOO\DVLQ
Chile, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands

3URFXUHPHQWRFLDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKH

and Taiwan, China the electronic bid opening

bid evaluation

can be conducted without the bidders. But in

2QFHWKHELGHYDOXDWLRQLVXQGHUZD\WKHELG-

WKHVH LQVWDQFHV ELGGHUV FDQ EH QRWLHG HOHF-

der will want to know whether the best person

WURQLFDOO\ RI WKH RSHQLQJ RI WKHLU ELGV Q WKH

possible has been appointed to evaluate bids.

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It knows that in some economies, public of-

UHFHLYH DQ DXWRPDWLF HOHFWURQLF QRWLFDWLRQ

FLDOV LQYROYHG LQ WKH LQLWLDO VWDJHV RI WKH SUR-

when its bid is open. In Taiwan, China, how-

curement cannot take part in the evaluation.

HYHUWKHQRWLFDWLRQLVQRWDXWRPDWLFQ&KLOH

28 |

WKH ELG RSHQLQJ LV FRQGXFWHG DXWRPDWLFDOO\

7R JXDUDQWHH WKH HFLHQF\ RI WKH ELG HYDOXD-

WKURXJK WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP RQ WKH GD\

WLRQ WKH SURFXUHPHQW RFLDO FRQGXFWLQJ WKH

and time established in the notice of invitation

needs assessment and drafting the technical

to tender and in the tender documents. The

VSHFLFDWLRQV VKRXOG QRW EH SUHYHQWHG IURP

LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP SURYLGHV WKH ELGGHUV ZLWK

participating in the bid evaluation. Indeed, if

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

SURFXULQJ RFLDOV DUH SUHYHQWHG IURP SDU-

tender and that the terms of payment were

WLFLSDWLQJ LQ DQ\ SURFXUHPHQW WKHUH LV D UHDO

FOHDU

GDQJHURIH[FOXGLQJWKHPRVWTXDOLHGRFLDOV
IURPWKHELGHYDOXDWLRQ7KHUHDUHDOVREHQHWV

7KH FRPSDQ\ KDG VHYHUDO TXHVWLRQV V WKHUH D

from having an integrated evaluation team.

standstill period for losing bidders to challenge

WKHFRQWUDFWDZDUG"+RZIDVWFRXOGWKHFRPSDQ\

Q %XUXQGL DQG 7KH *DPELD ELGGHUV QG WKDW

expect to be paid once the books are delivered?

the law prohibits the participation of public of-

Could it charge a penalty for late payments?

FLDOV LQYROYHG LQ WKH LQLWLDO VWDJHV RI WKH SURFXUHPHQWQWDO\ELGGHUVZRXOGEHFRQIURQWHG

2QFHWKHELGGHUWKDWEHVWVDWLVHVWKHWHFKQL-

ZLWKDVLWXDWLRQZKHUHSXEOLFRFLDOVLQYROYHG

FDO VSHFLFDWLRQV DQG DZDUG FULWHULD LV LGHQWL-

in assessing needs and drafting the technical

HGWKHFRQWUDFWKDVWREHDZDUGHGSURPSWO\

VSHFLFDWLRQVDUHH[FOXGHGIURPWKHELGHYDOX-

DQGWUDQVSDUHQWO\7KHOHJDOIUDPHZRUNVKRXOG

ation, but the president of the bid evaluation

require that a contract award be published, as

FRPPLVVLRQ LV WKH RQO\ SHUVRQ DXWKRUL]HG WR

VWDWHGLQ$UWLFOHRI81&75$/0RGHO/DZRQ

participate in both steps of the process. There-

Public Procurement. In addition, losing bidders

IRUHLQWDO\WKHSHUVRQSUHSDULQJWKHSURFXUH-

should be informed of the award and given an

PHQWLVWKHQDOGHFLVLRQPDNHU

RSSRUWXQLW\WROHDUQZK\WKH\GLGQRWZLQ

Awarding and executing

contracts

Awarding the contract is the end of the formal

procurement process but the contract must
still be managed and the supplier must be paid

7KHUHJKWHUVZRUNHGDOOQLJKWORQJEXWFRXOGQW

LQ UHWXUQ IRU LWV SHUIRUPDQFH 0DQ\ SURFXUH-

VWRSWKHUHWKDWGHVWUR\HGKDOIWKHERRNVRI:DU-

PHQW V\VWHPV GR QRW FRYHU WKLV SKDVH RI WKH

VDZVODUJHVWSXEOLFOLEUDU\$ZLGHUDQJHRIGLHU-

SURFXUHPHQW OLIH F\FOH QGHHG HYHQ LQWHUQD-

ent collections were lost but, luckily, no historical

WLRQDOO\ DFFHSWHG SURFXUHPHQW PRGHOVVXFK

ERRNV ZHUH GHVWUR\HG 'XH WR WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI

DV WKH :RUOG 7UDGH 2UJDQL]DWLRQV 5HYLVHG

books to the community, the City of Warsaw made

Agreement on Government Procurement and

LWDSULRULW\WRUHSODFHDOOWKDWZHUHGHVWUR\HGW

WKH 8
 1&75$/ 0RGHO /DZ RQ 3XEOLF 3URFXUH-

also decided to take the opportunity to expand the

mentdo not provide guidance or good prac-

librarys collection by purchasing a wide variety of

tices for contract management.

DGGLWLRQDOERRNVQRYHOVDQGHQF\FORSHGLDV
To build and maintain a reputation as a
The City of Warsaw awarded the contract to a

WUXVWZRUWK\ DQG HFLHQW EXVLQHVV SDUWQHU

FRPSDQ\IROORZLQJDQRSHQFDOOIRUWHQGHUV7R

which can increase competition in later pro-

schedule the delivery of the books, the company

FXUHPHQWV WKH SXUFKDVLQJ HQWLW\ KDV WR SD\

ZDQWHG WR PDNH VXUH WKDW LW RFLDOO\ ZRQ WKH

SURPSWO\ ZKHQ SD\PHQW LV GXH LQ UHWXUQ IRU

7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

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adequate performance. The legal framework

Standstill period for bidders to challenge

VKRXOG VSHFLI\ D WLPHIUDPH IRU PDNLQJ SD\-

the award

ments and provide additional compensation

A standstill periodbetween announcing a

ZKHQWKHSURFXULQJHQWLW\IDLOVWRSD\RQWLPH

potential awardee and signing the contract

QGHHG GHOD\V LQ SD\PHQW FDQ KDYH VHYHUH

HQVXUHVWKDWELGGHUVKDYHHQRXJKWLPHWRH[-

consequences for private sector suppliers, par-

amine the award and decide whether to initiate

WLFXODUO\60(VZKLFKW\SLFDOO\GRQRWKDYHODUJH

DUHYLHZSURFHGXUH7KLVLVSDUWLFXODUO\LPSRU-

FDVKRZV

tant in economies where an annulment of the

contract is not possible,30 or when a complaint

Awarding and executing contracts assesses

does not trigger a suspension of the procure-

ZKHWKHURQFHWKHEHVWELGKDVEHHQLGHQWLHG

ment process.

WKHFRQWUDFWLVDZDUGHGWUDQVSDUHQWO\DQGWKH
losing bidders are informed of the procuring

Q DFFRUG ZLWK 81&75$/ WKH SHULRG VKRXOG EH

HQWLW\V GHFLVLRQ JXUH  Before the con-

ORQJHQRXJKWROHDQ\FKDOOHQJHWRWKHSURFHHG-

WUDFWLVH[HFXWHGDVWDQGVWLOOSHULRGVKRXOGEH

LQJVEXWQRWVRVKRUWDVWRLQWHUIHUHXQGXO\ZLWK

granted to the losing bidders. Furthermore,

the procurement.31 $ PLQLPXP RI  GD\V LV D

RQFH WKH H[HFXWLRQ RI WKH FRQWUDFW LV WDNLQJ

UHFRJQL]HGVWDQGVWLOOSHULRGDVUHHFWHGLQMXGJ-

SODFH WKH SURFXULQJ HQWLW\ VKRXOG EH HQFRXU-

PHQWVE\WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ&RXUWRI-XVWLFH32

DJHGWRPDQDJHWKHSD\PHQWSURFHVVWKURXJK

and the WTOs Government Procurement Agree-

DQ RQOLQH V\VWHP RHULQJ WKH SRVVLELOLW\ IRU

ment. The standstill period and the time limits

VXSSOLHUWRVLJQWKHFRQWUDFWDQGUHTXHVWSD\-

IRUWKHUHYLHZERG\VKRXOGEHV\QFKURQL]HG33

PHQWVRQOLQHWVKRXOGDOVRFRPSO\ZLWKFOHDU
UHJXODWLRQV ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR SD\LQJ WKH VXS-

More than half the economies do not provide

plier on timeand if not, with penalties.

for a standstill period or support a shorter

Figure 2.8 Awarding and executing contracts

Preparing bids

Submitting
bids

Evaluating bids

Standstill period for bidders to challenge the award

Regulatory timeframe to process payment
Penalties in case of delayed payment

30 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Awarding and
executing the
contract

WLPH IRU OLQJ D FRPSODLQW WDEOH  $ FRP-

or documenting performance, as per the law.34

SDQ\ZRXOGVHHGD\VLQ%UD]LOLQ-RUGDQ

%XW LQ  VXUYH\HG HFRQRPLHV FDQ D VXSSOLHU

LQ0H[LFRDQGLQ1HSDOQVRPHHFRQRPLHV

H[SHFWWRUHFHLYHSD\PHQWZLWKLQGD\VPDS

VXFKDVWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVQRVWDQGVWLOOLVQHHG-

 Q WKH UHVW RI WKH VXUYH\HG HFRQRPLHV

HG EHFDXVH XQODZIXOO\ DZDUGHG FRQWUDFWV FDQ

GHOD\V RI PRUH WKDQ  GD\V DUH FRPPRQ LQ

be terminated.

practice. In half of these economies, suppliers

KDYHWRZDLWORQJHUWKDQFDOHQGDUGD\VIRU

Regulatory timeframe to process

SD\PHQW Q $UJHQWLQD WKH $UDE 5HSXEOLF RI

payment

(J\SW*XDWHPDODWDO\DQG7XQLVLDGHOD\VDUH

$ FRPSDQ\ KDV IXOOOHG LWV FRQWUDFWXDO REOLJD-

GXHLQSDUWWREXGJHWDU\FRQVWUDLQWVLQWKHSUR-

WLRQV DQG VXEPLWWHG D UHTXHVW IRU SD\PHQW

FXULQJHQWLW\

WRWKHSURFXULQJHQWLW\WLVQRZZDLWLQJWREH
paid for services rendered. It knows that an ef-

In some economies procuring entities are not

FLHQW SXEOLF SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHP SURFHVVHV

requested to respect a particular deadline to

SD\PHQWVWRVXSSOLHUVZLWKLQDOLPLWHGQXPEHU

SD\WKHLUVXSSOLHUVXQOHVVSD\PHQWWHUPVDUH

RIFDOHQGDUGD\VRQFHDUHTXHVWIRUSD\PHQWLV

VSHFLHGLQWKHSURFXUHPHQWFRQWUDFWQ%ROLY-

submitted.

ia, Colombia, Ecuador, The Gambia, Honduras,

0R]DPELTXH0DXULWLXV1HSDO6HUELD7XUNH\

In Poland, in compliance with the 2014 Euro-

DQG 9LHWQDP D FRPSDQ\ FRXOG QG WKH SD\-

SHDQ 8QLRQ GLUHFWLYH RQ SXEOLF SURFXUHPHQW

ment schedule and forms in the contract. But

WKHFRPSDQ\LVJXDUDQWHHGSD\PHQWZLWKLQ

LQVRPHHFRQRPLHVSD\PHQWSURFHVVLQJWDNHV

GD\VRIWKHGDWHRILVVXLQJFHUWLFDWHVRIZRUNV

PRUH WKDQ  GD\V 7KH WZR PRVW SURPLQHQW

7DEOH(FRQRPLHVZLWKQRVWDQGVWLOOSHULRGWRHFRQRPLHVWKDWJXDUDQWHHPRUHWKDQbGD\V
a recognized good practice
No standstill period

1 to 9 days

10 days or more

Bahrain

Cameroon

Afghanistan

Canada

Haiti

Austria

Colombia

Indonesia

%RVQLDDQG+HU]HJRYLQD

(J\SW$UDE5HS

-RUGDQ

Cte dIvoire

/HEDQRQ

Mauritius

WDO\

Moldova

Morocco

Peru

6LHUUD/HRQH

0R]DPELTXH

Romania

Nicaragua

Senegal

Tunisia

8QLWHG.LQJGRP

7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

| 31

Map 2.1 Time needed in practice to receive payment takes longer than 60 days in 19 economies

Russian Federation
Netherlands

Canada

Ireland
Poland
Ukraine
Hungary
Moldova
Austria
Romania
France
Bosnia and
Bulgaria
Herzegovina
Italy
Spain
Turkey
Serbia
Tunisia Lebanon
Morocco
Jordan
Egypt,
Algeria
Arab Rep.

United States

Haiti

Mexico
Guatemala

Sweden

Honduras Jamaica

Nepal

Brazil

Singapore

Malaysia

Indonesia

Zambia

Bolivia
Namibia

Uruguay

Philippines

GhanaNigeria

Cameroon
CteTogo
Uganda
dIvoire
Dem. Rep.
Burundi
of Congo
Tanzania

Ecuador

Taiwan, China
Hong Kong SAR, China

Myanmar

Vietnam

Sierra Leone
Liberia

Colombia

Chile

Bahrain

Senegal

Nicaragua

Peru

Rep. of
Korea

Afghanistan

Mauritius

South
Africa

Australia

0 30 days
31 60 days
> 60 days
No data

Argentina

New
Zealand

reasons are the length of administrative proce-

Q D WKLUG RI HFRQRPLHV VXUYH\HG D FRPSDQ\

GXUHVDQGEXGJHWDU\FRQVWUDLQWVQ6HQHJDOD

KDVWRDVNIRUWKHLQFOXVLRQRISD\PHQWWHUPV

FRPSDQ\ UHFHLYHV SD\PHQW ZLWKLQ  GD\V RI

LQWKHFRQWUDFW7KHLUSURFXUHPHQWV\VWHPVGR

submitting its request. Q  FRXQWULHV SD\-

QRW VWLSXODWH D SD\PHQW WLPHOLQH DQG GR QRW

PHQWFDQEHUHFHLYHGDIWHUFDOHQGDUGD\V

UHTXLUHWKDWSD\PHQWWHUPVEHLQWKHFRQWUDFW
%XW LQ .HQ\D WKH SURFXULQJ HQWLW\ KDV WR SUR-

32 |

Bahrain

Serbia

FHVVWKHSD\PHQWLQGD\VLIWKHVDLGFRPSD-

Bolivia

Spain

Q\ZHUHRZQHGE\\RXWKVZRPHQRUSHUVRQV

Cameroon

7DQ]DQLD

with disabilities.36

Cte dIvoire

Togo

Guatemala

Tunisia

Penalties in case of delayed payments

WDO\

8UXJXD\

0DQ\ HFRQRPLHV GR QRW PDQGDWH SURFXULQJ

-DPDLFD

Vietnam

HQWLWLHVWRSD\SHQDOWLHVWRVXSSOLHUVLQFDVHVRI

Morocco

ODWHSD\PHQWWDEOH$FRPSDQ\LVHQWLWOHG

Namibia

WR UHFHLYH SHQDOWLHV LI WKH SURFXULQJ HQWLW\ IDLOV

Nigeria

WR SD\ RQ WLPH LQ WZRWKLUGV RI WKH HFRQRPLHV

Philippines

VXUYH\HG Q &DQDGD LW DXWRPDWLFDOO\ UHFHLYHV

Romania

interest when an account is overdue.37 But in

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Guatemala it has to submit a request for the pro-

&HQWUDO $VLD DQG LQ /DWLQ $PHULFD DQG WKH &D-

FXULQJHQWLW\WRUHFRJQL]HWKHDFFUXHGLQWHUHVW38

ULEEHDQ Q 0H[LFR D VXSSOLHU ZRXOG SUREDEO\

see, as part of the procurement contract, provi-

(YHQLQHFRQRPLHVZKHUHSHQDOWLHVDUHOHJDOO\

VLRQVIRUSHQDOWLHVLISD\PHQWLVGHOD\HG(YHQ

granted to suppliers, half do not follow their

VR WKH HQWLWOHG VXSSOLHUV UDUHO\ UHTXHVW VXFK

ODZVLQSUDFWLFHLQFOXGLQJPDQ\LQ(XURSHDQG

penalties.

Table 2.2 A large number of economies do not mandate procuring entities to pay penalties to suppliers in
case of delays in payment
Latin America and

(DVW$VLDDQG3DFLF

Europe and Central Asia

Hong Kong SAR, China

$]HUEDLMDQ

Argentina

Philippines

Bulgaria

Guatemala

Vietnam

.\UJ\]5HSXEOLF

Haiti

Serbia

-DPDLFD

South Asia
Nepal

the Caribbean

0H[LFR

Sub-Saharan Africa

8UXJXD\

Burundi

OECD high income

Cameroon

Middle East and North Africa

Australia

Gambia, The

Algeria

+XQJDU\

0R]DPELTXH

(J\SW$UDE5HS

Ireland

Nigeria

-RUGDQ

Korea, Rep.

6LHUUD/HRQH

/HEDQRQ

South Africa

Morocco

7KHSURFXUHPHQWOLIHF\FOH

| 33

3. Complaint and
reporting mechanisms
Establishing a good complaint mechanism has

LQ SROLF\ DQG GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ HVWDEOLVKLQJ

become a key element of any procurement reform

good complaint mechanisms is a crucial part of

DJHQGD $ IHZ GHFDGHV DJR UHVROYLQJ GLVSXWHV

the reform agenda. Such mechanisms can en-

between suppliers and the government was com-

VXUHWUDQVSDUHQF\DQGDFFRXQWDELOLW\LQSXEOLF

SOLFDWHG LQ PDQ\ SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHPV 3HUKDSV

SURFXUHPHQW +DYLQJ VHW UXOHV GHQHG WLPH

the lack of technical expertise to establish an in-

limits and remedial actions when processes fail

GHSHQGHQWUHYLHZERG\ZDVWREODPH3HUKDSVWKH

VWUHQJWKHQV FUHGLELOLW\ DQG FRQGHQFH LQ WKH

judiciary was weak or the legal system simply did

V\VWHP

not contemplate mechanisms for procurement

FRPSODLQWV)LUPVZRXOGQRWJRWRFRXUWWRUHVROYH

2QH RI WKH PDLQ REMHFWLYHV RI WKHVH PHFKD-

disputes with the state because the judicial system

nisms is to enforce public procurement laws so

would not render a decision in a timely manner,

that the authorities can correct mistakes and

DQG WKHUHIRUH UPV ZRXOG QRW GR EXVLQHVV ZLWK

noncompliance. 7KH V\VWHP VKRXOG SURYLGH

the government since it was too risky or they could

WLPHO\ DFFHVV LQGHSHQGHQW UHYLHZ HFLHQW

QRWDRUGWKHGHOD\V

DQG WLPHO\ UHVROXWLRQ RI FRPSODLQWV DQG DGHTXDWHUHPHGLHV40

The past decades have seen an intensive set of

SURFXUHPHQW UHIRUPV WKURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG )RU

Suppliers have a natural interest in monitor-

instance, in Poland the public procurement reform

LQJ FRPSOLDQFH E\ SURFXULQJ HQWLWLHV41 So do

of 1995 introduced an appeals mechanism, which

FRQWUDFWLQJ DXWKRULWLHV VLQFH WKH\ FDQ FRUUHFW

has since been strengthened, increasing the num-

PLVWDNHVDQGVROYHGLVSXWHVLQDOHVVFRVWO\DQG

EHURIDSSHDOVH[SRQHQWLDOO\WKURXJKRXWWKH\HDUV

PRUH H[LEOH ZD\ &KDQQHOV WR UHSRUW LUUHJX-

Q.HQ\DDUHIRUPFUHDWHGWKH3XEOLF3URFXUH-

ODULWLHV PLVFRQGXFW DQG FRQLFWV RI LQWHUHVW

ment Complaints Review and Appeal Board, later

FDQ LQFUHDVH WKH IDLUQHVV RI SURFXUHPHQW E\

merged with the Administrative Review Board, to

DGGLQJ FUHGLELOLW\ DQG OHJLWLPDF\ WR GHFLVLRQV

GHDOZLWKFRPSODLQWVDERXWSURFXUHPHQWGHFLVLRQV

WKXVVWUHQJWKHQLQJFLWL]HQWUXVWLQJRYHUQPHQW

This also opened the possibility for bidders to moni-

and public spending.

tor the procedures of the actual procuring entities

DQGWRVXEVHTXHQWO\OHDFRPSODLQWWKXVFUHDWLQJ

7UXVW LQ WKH SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHP ZLOO HQFRXU-

PRUHWUDQVSDUHQF\LQWKHSURFXUHPHQWV\VWHP

age more bidders to compete for public contracts.42 This can enable the government to ac-

34 |

:LWKFRPSDQLHVDQGFLWL]HQVGHPDQGLQJPRUH

quire goods and services at more competitive

WUDQVSDUHQF\ DFFRXQWDELOLW\ DQG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ

prices. The added competition also reduces

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

WKH ULVN RI FROOXVLRQ SDUWLFXODUO\ LPSRUWDQW LQ

In some countries the review mechanisms and

smaller markets with few suppliers.

SURFHGXUHVUHODWHH[FOXVLYHO\WRSURFXUHPHQW
Q RWKHUV GLVSXWHV DUH FRYHUHG E\ JHQHUDO

7KHUHVROXWLRQRIFRPSODLQWVVKRXOGEHWLPHO\

mechanisms and procedures for the review of

DQG HFLHQW VLQFH ORQJ WLPHIUDPHV FDQ LQ-

DQ\DGPLQLVWUDWLYHDFW

crease the costs for both governments and

VXSSOLHUV8QGXO\ORQJUHYLHZVZLWKXQFOHDURU

This section on complaint and reporting mech-

complicated procedures could also deter po-

anisms compares 77 economies in relation to

WHQWLDOELGGHUVSDUWLFXODUO\60(VZKLFKFDQQRW

global good practices in three areas:

DRUGWKHFRVWRISURWHVWLQJDQDZDUG

Depending on who is complaining and the

$YDLODELOLW\ RI FRPSODLQW DQG UHSRUWLQJ

mechanisms.

VWDJHRIOLQJWKHFRPSODLQWWKHLVVXHVUDLVHG

First-tier review process.

PD\YDU\$SRWHQWLDOELGGHUPLJKWDUJXHWKDW

Second-tier review process.

LW ZDV QRW QRWLHG DERXW DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH

WHFKQLFDOVSHFLFDWLRQV2ULWFRXOGVHHDDZLQ
the contract award and choose to challenge the

Availability of complaint and

reporting mechanisms

GHFLVLRQ7KHZD\FRPSODLQWVDUHUHVROYHGDOVR
GLHUVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHGHVLJQRIWKHUHYLHZ

In busy downtown Amman, Jordan, it is almost

DQGUHPHG\PHFKDQLVP

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address this problem, the Greater Municipality of

7KH PXOWLSOH SXUSRVHV RI DQ\ FRPSODLQW

Amman decided to purchase a large number of

PHFKDQLVP V\VWHP PD\ LQHYLWDEO\ FRQLFW43

mobile charging stations and advertised a call for

Some seek to preserve good governance and

WHQGHUV 2QH VXSSOLHU ZKLFK KDG VXSSOLHG PRELOH

GXHSURFHVVZKLFKFDQEHFRVWO\DQGOHQJWK\

charging stations in other countries in the region,

2WKHUVOHDQWRZDUGIRVWHULQJHFLHQF\E\OLP-

SUHSDUHG LWV ELG $ FODULFDWLRQ PHHWLQJ ZDV KHOG

LWLQJ WKH SURFXUHPHQW GHOD\V DQG GLVUXSWLRQV

with the procuring agency and the potential bidders,

Complaint mechanisms that are appropriate to

during which the legal representative of the supplier

HDFK QDWLRQDO SURFXUHPHQW V\VWHP FDQ EHWWHU

noticed that one of the members of the evaluation

serve the interests of all stakeholders, particu-

FRPPLWWHH0U.DPDOLVWKHEURWKHULQODZRIWKH

ODUO\SULYDWHVXSSOLHUV

SULQFLSDOVKDUHKROGHURIDFRPSHWLQJFRPSDQ\

3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

_

7KH VXSSOLHU EHOLHYHG WKDW LI 0U .DPDO ZHUH WR

6XSSOLHUV PD\ GRXEW WKH LQWHJULW\ RI SURFXUH-

remain a member of the evaluation committee,

PHQWV LI WKH\ EHOLHYH WKDW SURFXUHPHQW RI-

WKHUH ZRXOG EH D FRQLFW RI LQWHUHVW W GHFLGHG

FLDOVKDYHDFRQLFWRILQWHUHVW3URFXUHPHQW

WR OH D FRPSODLQW WR UHSRUW WKH FRQLFW :KLOH

RFLDOVVKRXOGDOVREHDEOHWRUHSRUWFDVHVRI

preparing the submission of its challenge, several

misconduct, such as fraud or corruption.

TXHVWLRQVFDPHWRPLQG:KHUHFDQLWQGLQIRUmation on mechanisms dealing with complaints?

Availability of complaint and reporting mecha-

Is such information freely accessible? Does the law

nisms assesses whether potential suppliers

PDQGDWH WKDW 0U .DPDO GLVFORVH WKH FRQLFW RI

KDYH VXFLHQW PHDQV WR UDLVH D SUREOHP WR D

interest and recuse himself from the process?

UHOHYDQW UHYLHZ ERG\ JXUH  W DOVR PHDVXUHV ZKHWKHU WKH\ KDYH DFFHVV WR VXFLHQW

Having all documents and procedures available

LQIRUPDWLRQWRHYDOXDWHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WROH

on a government-supported website reduces

DFRPSODLQW$QGLWHYDOXDWHVZKHWKHUWKH\FDQ

WUDQVDFWLRQ FRVWV 7R HQKDQFH WUDQVSDUHQF\

choose the forum that will decide on its com-

parties should know what to include in their

plaint. It also assesses whether suppliers have

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unbiased decisionand, if so, the safeguards

cient review, with decisions rendered at a lower

available.

cost and at a faster pace.

Figure 3.1 Availability of complaint and reporting mechanisms

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complaint
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36 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Options for a complaining party to

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complaint

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ic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Singapore or

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the bid evaluation committee.

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the National Appeals Chamber, and in Ireland

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is asked to provide a written defense within 10

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matter within three months.44Q8NUDLQHWKHLP-

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of Federal Claims.

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participate in the procurement if a

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blowers have no incentive to come forward, so

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process, Mr. Kamal should recuse himself from

participating in the evaluation of proposals.

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Peru require whistleblowers to provide their ID

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number.46

3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

| 37

Most countries protect reporting procurement

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trigger a suspension of the procurement process?

protection.47 In some economies, reporting of-

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48

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First-tier review process

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decided to get buses with two motors, one diesel

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be so short that it precludes responding to a

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viewed the documents and noticed that the tech-

it hinders the procurement (such as more than

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advantaged as it can supply buses that meet the

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enquiring a little bit, the company discovered that

render a decision.

the competitor hired some consultants that were

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help assess its needs, hence suspecting a possible

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the procurement process when the complaint

38 |

Since this contract is a big business opportunity for

LVOHG Before the award, standing should not

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be limited to suppliers submitting a bidbut

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the company initiate the complaint process? Which

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be allowed to challenge, otherwise the procure-

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ment process could become more vulnerable

review mechanism in place.

to frivolous complaints.

Suspending the procurement in case of

And if complaints trigger a suspension, award-

a complaint: who has standing and the

ing a contract could become a long and inef-

duration of stay

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An automatic suspension during the process

that allow suspensions during the post-award

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ment procedures or to force competitors out

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of the running. Court fees and deposits or pen-

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alties can prevent such frivolous complaints.

automatic suspension should be linked to who

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 QGhow long

To avoid added transaction costs, a complain-

the suspension can last.

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do so and the overall procedure for a complain-

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Figure 3.2 First-tier review process

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3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

_

In most economies a suspension is possible

between the legal timeframe and the actual

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practice. The time limit varies across the econo-

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mies measured, and 12 do not have a set time

ERG\PD\GHWHUPLQHWKDWXUJHQWDQGFRPSHO-

limit:

OLQJUHDVRQVH[LVWIRUPDNLQJWKHDZDUGRUWKDW

Australia

it is in the best interest of the government to

Hong Kong SAR, China

proceed with the procurement process and

Ireland

grant the award before resolving the protest.

-RUGDQ

/HEDQRQ

Time limit for the review body to render

0\DQPDU

a decision

Namibia

Once a complaint is submitted a time limit

Netherlands

should be set in the law so that a complaining

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Sweden

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Thailand

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South Asia

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Middle East and North Africa

OECD high income

Latin America and the Caribbean

4
5

Europe and Central Asia

12

Sub-Saharan Africa

27

Global total
0

10

15

20

Number of economies

40 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

25

30

Although the law is silent in Australia, the

A short time limit does not permit a meaningful

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tioned, the law does not provide a timeframe,

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however, where the law is silent and a decision

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body to render a decision, it may take months or years to obtain a decision
Number of days
0
Afghanistan
Australia
Brazil

100

200

United Kingdom
United States

700

800

7
14
60

365

75

135
720

21

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Sweden

600

Legal time limit

Time in practice

Lebanon

Russian Federation

500

30

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New Zealand

400

9
15

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Mexico

300

90
64

20
10
12
75
60
100
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3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

| 41

FDQWDNHXSWRWZR\HDUVQ0\DQPDULWNQRZV

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the decision be published and available to the

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public?

cision and that getting a response depends on

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Complaining parties should have an indepenGHQWIRUXPWRDSSHDOGHFLVLRQVE\WKHUVWWLHU

Second-tier review process

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ZDV QRW DSSURSULDWHO\ DGGUHVVHG SDUWLFXODUO\

Recent outages in Yaound, Cameroon, left in-

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Yaounds main hospital, the blackout could have

be able to pursue their complaint at either an

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independent administrative forum or a court.

equipment; the hospitals emergency generator

An independent forum might have the skills

was functioning but could only last a limited num-

and knowledge needed to resolve complaints

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but it adds to government costs if established

dress this risk, the Municipal Council of Yaound

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courts can ensure independence and enforcePHQWWKH\FDQEHH[SHQVLYHDQGWLPHFRQVXP-

The contract was awarded to a renowned compa-

ing. There is no clear-cut good practice, but a

ny specializing in solar power production, which

second-tier review is essential.

scored highest following a quality and cost evaluDWLRQ $ FRPSHWLWRU FKDOOHQJHG WKH DZDUG DOOHJ-

The appeal process should involve minimal

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ity products at a cheap price and that the solar

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panels would soon have to be replaced because of

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The competitor obtained a response from the

42 |

procuring entity within the legal timeframe, ex-

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plaining that the suppliers solar panels had been

should know how long the second-tier review

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competitor found out about the possibility of

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need a lawyer and to plan for additional costs?

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Figure 3.5 Second-tier review process

Process to appeal the decision

Publication of complaint decisions by second-tier review body

Note: The thematic coverage of the subindicator is broader than is presented here, and additional data points are available on the Benchmarking Public Procurement ZHEVLWHKWWSESSZRUOGEDQNRUJ

Second-tier review process assesses whether

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cost and time needed for such process, as well

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as some characteristics of the second-tier re-

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or variable depending on the value of the con-

review mechanism is available.

tract or the forum and appeal procedure used

JXUH

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rate to a variable rate depending on the value of the contract or the review body

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15

10

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3. Complaint and reporting mechanisms

| 43

$VLGHIURPDWWRUQH\IHHVWKHFRPSODLQLQJSDUW\

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channels of publication are online, through the

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websites of procuring agencies and the rel-

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cisions are also communicated through the of-

to the Consiglio di Stato is between 2,000 and

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6,000 euros, depending on the value of the

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lication are news, radio and the public board

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Publication of the second-tier review

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bodys decision

economies.

Almost half the economies studied have laws

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Figure 3.7 In 31 economies the second-tier review body is not required to publish its decisionin others
publication is mandatory through one or more channels
Latin America and

(DVW$VLDDQG3DFLF

Europe and Central Asia

Hong Kong SAR, China

$]HUEDLMDQ

Argentina

Philippines

Bulgaria

Guatemala

Vietnam

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Haiti

Serbia

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South Asia
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the Caribbean

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Sub-Saharan Africa

8UXJXD\

Burundi

44 |

OECD high income

Cameroon

Middle East and North Africa

Australia

Gambia, The

Algeria

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0R]DPELTXH

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Ireland

Nigeria

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Korea, Rep.

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South Africa

Morocco

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Notes
1.

Nolan 2014

:DVKLQJWRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 2UJDQLVDWLRQ IRU

2.

GHP

Economic Co-operation and Development

3.

GHP

(OECD);

4.

Thai 2001.

%DQN 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV &RPPLVVLRQ RQ Q-

 CIPS 2007.

WHUQDWLRQDO 7UDGH /DZ 81&75$/ $PHUL-

6.

Nolan 2014.

can Bar Association (ABA); and General

7.

Basheka 2010.

Electric (GE).

8.

GHP

Inter-American

Development

18. The thematic coverage of the subindica-

 CIPS 2007.

tor is broader than is presented here, and

10. PwC 2014.

additional data points are available on the

11. 812'&

Benchmarking Public Procurement website

12. The Anti-Corruption Working Group was

(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

FUHDWHG E\ WKH * /HDGHUV DW WKH 7Rronto Summit in 2010 to take action on the
negative impact of corruption on economic
growth, trade and development. In the
VSLULW RI WKH * +LJK/HYHO 3ULQFLSOHV RQ
Corruption and Growth, the working group

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20. $UWLFOHRI([HFXWLYH'HFUHH1R
on Public Procurement of Argentina.
21. $UWLFOHRIWKH3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQW/DZRI
Poland, as amended in 2014.

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22. OECD 2010.

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24. The thematic coverage of the subindica-

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13. http://www.doingbusiness.org.

additional data points are available on the

14. 812'&

Benchmarking Public Procurement website

 World

Bank

2014.

https://www.open

(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

knowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream

 'LUHFWLYH(8RIWKH(XURSHDQ3DU-

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2014 on public procurement and repealing

16. 812'&
17. The consultation has taken place with
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Directive 2004/18/EC.
26. $UWLFOHRIWKH'LUHFWLYH
27. $UWLFOH  RI WKH )HGHUDO $FTXLVLWLRQ
5HJXODWLRQRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV

the World Bank Groupincluding both

28. The thematic coverage of the subindica-

the World Bank and IFC; The George

tor is broader than is presented here, and

Notes

_

additional data points are available on the

Benchmarking Public Procurement website
(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

8NUDLQH
46. &KLOH0DOD\VLD0RQJROLD1LJHULDDQG3HUX

 The thematic coverage of the subindica-

require ID. In Chile, reporting misconduct

tor is broader than is presented here, and

PD\ EH GRQH RQOLQH DW WKH 2FHV RI WKH

additional data points are available on the

3XEOLF 0LQLVWU\ DV RI  DW KWWS

Benchmarking Public Procurement website

www.contraloria.cl/NewPortal2/portal2

(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

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30. 81&7$'

/Ciudadano/Inicio). The person reporting

31. Idem.

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32. &DVH & $OFDWHO $XVWULD DQG 2WKHUV

number but has the option of request-

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und Verkehr, and C212/02 Commission v

PHQW RFLDOV FDQ VXEPLW D UHSRUW RQ WKH

Austria.

Anti-Corruption Commission website (as

33. OECD 2007b

RI  DW KWWSZZZVSUPJRYP\

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has to provide his or her name, gender,

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36. Regulation 34 of the Public Procurement

port number, phone number, address

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and email address. In Mongolia the online

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37. 6HFWLRQ  RI WKH 3:*6& 6XSSO\

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46 |

 $UWLFOHRIWKH$QWL&RUUXSWLRQ/DZRI

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 SIGMA 2013.

Corrupt Practices and Other Related Of-

40. OECD 2007a.

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41. 81&7$' 

to make a report online. On their website

42. Idem, p. 41.

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43. Idem, p. 1.

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RI KLV RU KHU LGHQWLFDWLRQ FDUG Q 3HUX

Ethical Conduct Principles and Procedures

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FLDOVRI7XUNH\

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

report received the General Comptroller

 Gordon 2006.

needs to include the following: a) Name,

 OECD 2007b

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 GHP

WLRQQXPEHUGRFXPHQW

 Data for the second-tier review process

47. $]HUEDLMDQ WKH 'HPRFUDWLF 5HSXEOLF RI

subindicators are not scored. This informa-

Congo, Cte dIvoire, the Arab Republic

WLRQ FDQ EH IRXQG RQ WKH SURMHFW ZHEVLWH

RI (J\SW WKH .\UJ\] 5HSXEOLF /HEDQRQ

(http://bpp.worldbank.org).

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 Gordon 2006.

land and Togo.

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48. Section 10 of the Public Interest Disclo-

RU DW WKH *RYHUQPHQW $FFRXQWDELOLW\ 2I-

VXUHV $FW RI $XVWUDOLD  $UWLFOH $

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fee.

Notes

| 47

References
Basheka, Benon C. 2010. The Science of Public

SIGMA Papers, No. 41, OECD Publishing. http://

Procurement Management and Administra-

G[GRLRUJNPOTYNOWHQ

WLRQLQCharting a Course for Public Procurement

QQRYDWLRQDQG.QRZOHGJH6KDULQJ, Chapter 11.

. 2010. Methodology for Assessing ProcurePHQW 6\VWHPV 0$36. http://www.oecd.org/dac

&KDUWHUHG QVWLWXWH RI 3URFXUHPHQW  6XSSO\

HHFWLYHQHVVSGI

$XVWUDOLD&36$6KRUW+LVWRU\RI3URFXUHPHQWKWWSZZZFLSVDFRPDX

PwC. 2014. SMEs access to public procurement

markets and aggregation of demand in the EU6WXG\

Gordon, Daniel I. 2006. Constructing a Bid

FRPPLVVLRQHGE\WKH(XURSHDQFRPPLVVLRQ'*

3URWHVW 3URFHVV &KRLFHV (YHU\ 3URFXUHPHQW

Internal Market and Services. http://ec.europa

&KDOOHQJH6\VWHP0XVW0DNH3XEOLF&RQWUDFW

HXLQWHUQDOBPDUNHWSXEOLFSURFXUHPHQW

/DZ-RXUQDOKWWSVFKRODUVKLSODZJZX

GRFVPRGHUQLVLQJBUXOHVVPHVDFFHVVDQG

HGXFJLYLHZFRQWHQWFJL"DUWLFOH  FRQWH[W

DJJUHJDWLRQRIGHPDQGBHQSGI

IDFXOW\BSXEOLFDWLRQV
Support for Improvement in Governance and
1RODQ 0LNH  7KH +LVWRU\ RI 3URFXUH-

Management (SIGMA). 2013. Establishing Procure-

PHQW 3DVW 3UHVHQW DQG )XWXUH KWWSZZZ

ment Review Bodies, 3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQW%ULHI

.sourcesuite.com/procurement-learning

p. 2 -XO\KWWSVLJPDZHERUJSXEOLFDWLRQV

SXUFKDVLQJDUWLFOHVKLVWRU\RISURFXUHPHQW

%ULHIB(VWDEOLVKLQJ5HYLHZ%RGLHVLQ33B

SDVWSUHVHQWIXWXUHMVSVWKDVK-IXG+79GSXI

.pdf.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation

Thai, Khi V. 2001. Public Procurement Re-

and Development). 2006. 0DQDJLQJ &RQLFW RI

([DPLQHG-RXUQDORI3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQW9ROb

Interest in the Public Sector. www.oecd.org/gov

VVXH   KWWSLSSDRUJMRSSGRZQORDG

HWKLFVFRQLFWRQWHUHVW

/vol1/Thai.pdf.

DQWHJULW\LQ3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQW

81&7$'8QLWHG1DWLRQV&RQIHUHQFHRQ7UDGH

*RRG3UDFWLFHIURP$WR=2(&'3ROLF\5RXQG

DQG'HYHORSPHQWUNCITRAL Model Law on

tables, 2006. http://www.oecd.org/development

3URFXUHPHQWRI*RRGV&RQVWUXFWLRQDQG6HUYLFHV

HHFWLYHQHVVSGI

81&75$/ 1HZ <RUN http://www.uncitral.org

SGIHQJOLVKWH[WVSURFXUHPPOSURFXUHPHQW

. 2007b. Public Procurement Review and

5HPHGLHV 6\VWHPV LQ WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ

48 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

/ml-procure.pdf.

. 2014. Guide to Enactment of the UNCITRAL

World Bank. 2014. Republic of Iraq Public Expen-

0RGHO /DZ RQ 3XEOLF 3URFXUHPHQW http://www

GLWXUH 5HYLHZ 7RZDUG 0RUH (FLHQW 6SHQGLQJ

XQFLWUDORUJSGIHQJOLVKWH[WVSURFXUHPPO

for Better Service Delivery. World Bank Studies.

-procurement-2011/Guide-Enactment-Model

Washington, DC. https://www.openknowledge

/DZ3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQWHSGI

ZRUOGEDQNRUJELWVWUHDPKDQGOH
38%%R[%38%/&

812'& 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 2FH RQ 'UXJV DQG

.pdf.

Crime). 2013. Guidebook on anti-corruption

in public procurement and the management

:RUOG%DQNDoing Business, Going Beyond

RI SXEOLF QDQFHV KWWSZZZXQRGFRUJ

EfficiencyKWWSZZZGRLQJEXVLQHVVRUJ

/documents/corruption/Publications/2013

UHSRUWVJOREDOUHSRUWVGRLQJEXVLQHVV

*XLGHERRNBRQBDQWLFRUUXSWLRQBLQBSXEOLF
BSURFXUHPHQWBDQGBWKHBPDQDJHPHQWBRI
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References

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aggregate the Benchmarking Public Procurement

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bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

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Afghanistan

Income per capita: $680

South Asia
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0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

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0

20

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Income per capita: $5,340

Middle East and North Africa

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0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Argentina

Income per capita: $14,560

Latin America and the Caribbean

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0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

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Income per capita: $49,366

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Income per capita: $7,590

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80

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Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

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Income per capita: $28,272

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The procurement life cycle
0

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40

60

80

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80

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_

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60 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

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| 61

Botswana

Income per capita: $7,880

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For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

62 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

%UD]LO

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 63

%XOJDULD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0





60

80

100



60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0



$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

37.13%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

64 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

%XUXQGL

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0



40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0



$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

&DPHURRQ

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0.14%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

66 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

&DQDGD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80



40



80



3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 67

&KLOH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

60

365

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

68 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

&RORPELD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60



100

40

60



100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

20

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

&RQJR'HP5HS

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

'$<6

'$<6

'$<6

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

70 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

&WHGYRLUH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 71

Ecuador

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20





80

100





80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

72 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

(J\SW$UDE5HS

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Middle East and North Africa

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

21

21

18

'$<6

'$<6

'$<6

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 73

)UDQFH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20



60



100



60



100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

13.5

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

74 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

*DPELD7KH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

14

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

*KDQD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

20

21

21

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

76 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Guatemala

Income per capita: $3,440

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 77

Haiti

Income per capita: $830

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

78 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

+RQGXUDV

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

22.5

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Hong Kong SAR, China

Income per capita: $40,320

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

32

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

80 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

+XQJDU\

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms





$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 81

QGRQHVLD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

82 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

UHODQG

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

30

450

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0.61%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 83

WDO\

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0





60



100



60



100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0



$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

30

75

135

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

7.63%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

84 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

-DPDLFD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20



60

80

100



60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

28

18

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

-RUGDQ

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Middle East and North Africa

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

30

135

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

86 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

.HQ\D

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60



100

40

60



100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

14

30

22.5

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 87

.RUHD5HS

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0



40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0



$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

8.5

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

88 |

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

.\UJ\]5HSXEOLF

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0



40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0



$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

/HEDQRQ

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Middle East and North Africa

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

84

720

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

_

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

0DOD\VLD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

15

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

0DXULWLXV

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80



40

60

80



3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
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Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

_

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Mexico

Income per capita: $9,980

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

21

90

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Moldova

Income per capita: $2,550

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

10

28

28

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

_

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Mongolia

Income per capita: $4,320

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

5.5

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Morocco

Income per capita: $3,020

Middle East and North Africa

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

_

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

0R]DPELTXH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
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$ZDUGLQJDQG
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Complaint and reporting mechanisms





$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

1.85%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Myanmar

Income per capita: $1,270

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

_

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Namibia

Income per capita: $5,820

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Nepal

Income per capita: $730

South Asia
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

100 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Netherlands

Income per capita: $51,210

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 101

New Zealand

Income per capita: $43,837

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

20

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

102 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Nicaragua

Income per capita: $1,830

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 103

Nigeria

Income per capita: $2,950

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

21

21

21

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

104 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Peru

Income per capita: $6,410

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

10

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

58.35%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Philippines

Income per capita: $3,440

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

106 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

3RODQG

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

9.5

21

16

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

34.07%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 107

Romania

Income per capita: $9,370

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

20

30

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

108 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Russian Federation

Income per capita: $13,210

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

10

12

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

6HQHJDO

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms





$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

9.52%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

110 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

6HUELD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60



100

40

60



100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

20

24

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

15.33%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 111

Sierra Leone

Income per capita: $720

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

18

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

112 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

6LQJDSRUH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
H[HFXWLQJWKH
FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms





$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
UHYLHZOHJDO

7LPHWR
UHYLHZSUDFWLFH

15

45

45

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 113

South Africa

Income per capita: $6,800

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

60

60

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

114 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Spain

Income per capita: $29,542

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

15

20

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Sweden

Income per capita: $61,600

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

75

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

116 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Taiwan, China

Income per capita: $22,598

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

15

15

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 117

Tanzania

Income per capita: $930

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

28

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

118 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Thailand

Income per capita: $5,410

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

90

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Togo

Income per capita: $580

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

120 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Tunisia

Income per capita: $4,459

Middle East and North Africa

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 121

Turkey

Income per capita: $10,850

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

14

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

122 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

8JDQGD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
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$ZDUGLQJDQG
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Complaint and reporting mechanisms





$YDLODELOLW\RI
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1st

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UHYLHZ

7LPHWROH
DFRPSODLQW

7LPHWR
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7LPHWR
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21

21

21

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

28.77%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 123

8NUDLQH

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Europe and Central Asia

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40



80

100

40



80

100

3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
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FRQWUDFWV

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

$YDLODELOLW\RI
FRPSODLQWDQG
UHSRUWLQJ
PHFKDQLVPV

1st

)LUVWWLHU
UHYLHZ

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10

42

30

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

13.79%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

124 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

United Kingdom

Income per capita: $42,690

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

60

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

United States

Income per capita: $55,200

High-income OECD
The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

100

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

126 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Uruguay

Income per capita: $16,360

Latin America and the Caribbean

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

14

30

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

| 127

Vietnam

Income per capita: $1,890

East Asia and Pacific

The procurement life cycle
0

20

40

60

80

100

40

60

80

100

Preparing bids

Submitting and
evaluating bids

Awarding and
executing the
contracts

Complaint and reporting mechanisms

0

20

Availability of
complaint and
reporting
mechanisms

1st

First-tier
review

7LPHWROH
a complaint

Time to
reviewlegal

Time to
reviewpractice

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
a complaint

0%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

128 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

=DPELD

QFRPHSHUFDSLWD

Sub-Saharan Africa
The procurement life cycle




















3UHSDULQJELGV

6XEPLWWLQJDQG
HYDOXDWLQJELGV

$ZDUGLQJDQG
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14

21

DAYS

DAYS

DAYS

&RVWRIOLQJ
DFRPSODLQW

9.54%

% of GNI per capita

For data containing a (-), please refer to Benchmarking Public Procurements website (http:// bpp.worldbank.org) for further information.

(FRQRP\GDWDVKHHWV

_

Contributors
Afghanistan

Argentina

Australia

$]L]$KPDG2EDLGL
Afghanistan Reconstruction and
Development Services (ARDS)

)HGHULFR*RGR\
Beretta Godoy

$QWKRQ\%XWOHU

7DQND3UDVDG.DH
Afghanistan Reconstruction and
Development Services (ARDS)
/DZUHQFH:DKRPH
Ewa Suwara
Polish Academy of Sciences.
Institute of Legal Studies
0RKDPPDG5D$PLQL
Mohammad Aqil Omar

Algeria

0DUFHOLQR&RUQHMR
Biscardi & Asociados
Mario Biscardi
Biscardi & Asociados
Patricio March
Biscardi & Asociados
'LHJR$QGUV$ORQVR
Bullo - Tassi - Estebenet - Lipera
- Torassa - Lawyers
-DYLHU&DQRVD
Canosa Abogados

2NED/HPGMHG%HOODEDV

Nadia Bousquet
Canosa Abogados

)DZ]LD.HWWRX
Okba Lemdjed Bellabas

-XDQ$QWRQLR6WXSHQHQJR
Estudio Beccar Varela

Ali Bencheneb

2VFDU5$JXLODU9DOG]
Estudio Beccar Varela

Mourad Seghir
Bennani & Associs
Samir Benslimane
%HQVOLPDQH$ &ODZUP
cabinet davocats.
Adnane Bouchaib
%RXFKDLE/DZUP
Khaled Goussanem
Goussanem & Aloui Law Firm
Salima Aloui
Goussanem & Aloui Law Firm
Tiliouia Youssef
Cabinet Tiliouia
Cabinet Hadj-Salah
9LQFHQW/XQHO
Lefvre Pelletier & associs
Robin Souclier
Lefvre Pelletier & associs

130 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

JQDFLR+HUQQGH]
0DUDQV&RUUD
M. &M. Bomchil
Federico Camplieti
M. & M. Bomchil
+FWRU0DLUDO
Marval, OFarrel & Mairal
Eliana Hougassian
Marval, OFarrel & Mairal
Enrique Veramendi
Marval, OFarrel & Mairal
/RUHQD6FKLDULWL
Marval, OFarrel & Mairal
Irene Calou
Richards Cardinal Totzer Zabala
=DHHUHU
-XDQ3DEOR0&DUGLQDO
Richards Cardinal Totzer Zabala
=DHHUHU

Ernst & Young

Phil Scott
/HLJKWRQ2%ULHQ
Allens

Austria
Stefan Huber
Cerha Hempel Spiegelfeld
Hlawati
Michaela Siegwart
Cerha Hempel Spiegelfeld
Hlawati
Bernt Elsner
CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz
Rechtsanwlte GmbH
Florian Kromer
CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz
Rechtsanwlte GmbH
Thomas Hamerl
CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz
Rechtsanwlte GmbH
Marlene Wimmer
CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz
Rechtsanwlte GmbH
Bundeskanzleramt
Austrian Court of Audit
*HRUJ=HOOKRIHU
Schramm hler Rechtsanwlte OG
Simone Fida
Schramm hler Rechtsanwlte OG

Azerbaijan
.DPLO9DOL\HY
Baker & McKenzie
-DKDQJLU*DIDURY
Baker & McKenzie
=XOJDU%DED\HY
Baku Law Centre LLC

(OQXU$OL\HY
Baku Law Centre LLC

-DGUDQND9LGRYL
Novi Grad Mncp

Mustafa Salamov
BM Morrison Partners

(UYLQ.UHVHYOMDNRYLF

$\JXQ=H\QDORYD
0*%/DZ2FHV
Anar Asadov
State Procurement Agency of the
Republic of Azerbaijan

Stipo Petricevic
Hrvatske Poste d.o.o. Mostar
Ivan Kutlea
Ministry of Justice
0LUDOHP.RYDHYL
%UDQNLFD%DEL

5DVKLG$OL\HY
Remells Law Firm

YDQD*UJL

Bahrain

%UDQND0XMH]LQRYLF
JP Ceste

Mohamed Toorani
DLA Piper Middle East LLP
Balall Maqbool
DLA Piper Middle East LLP

OLMDJQMDWLF

HOMND9LGRYL
Revicon

Botswana

Nasreen Alubaidi
DLA Piper Middle East LLP

-HUH\%RRNELQGHU
Bookbinder Business Law

)RXWRXQ+DMMDU
Al Tamimi and Company

Rehka Kumar

4D\V+=XEL
Zubi & Partners Attorneys &
Legal Consultants

/XL])DEULFLR7KDXPDWXUJR
Vergueiro
Amazonia Azul Defense
Technologies - AMAZUL

Bolivia
Sergio Antelo Callisperis
Abogados Consultores Soc. Civ.
Rodrigo Galindo Garrett
Medina & Galindo Abogados
S.R.L
3DEOR6WHMVNDO
Stejskal & Asociados

Bosnia and Herzegovina

)XDG.R]DGUD
BH Telecom
6DQMD%XNDUD
6X]DQD6LPRYLF
6DD6WRMDNRYL
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Water

Brazil

Tiago Gomes
Castro, Barros, Sobral, Gomes
Advogados
Helena Spielar
Castro, Barros, Sobral, Gomes
Advogados
Raphael Roque
Castro, Barros, Sobral, Gomes
Advogados
%HDWUL]3RQ]RQL
Castro, Barros, Sobral, Gomes
Advogados
Ana Flavia Santo Patrus de
6RX]D
Elisa Cristina Bagolan
Everis
-XDQ6ROLV
Everis

Cesar Pereira
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
0D\DUD5XVNL$XJXVWR6
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
'LRJR$OEDQH]H*RPHV
Ribeiro
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
Isabella Vosgerau
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
$OH[DQGUH:DJQHU
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
Maria Augusta Rost
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
Rafael Wallbach Schwind
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
Andre Guskow Cardoso
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
Guilherme Reisdorfer
Justen, Pereira, Oliveria &
Talamini
0DULR-RVH3DFH-XQLRU
-RVH3DXOR3HTXHQR
Noronha Advogados
Fernanda Pinheiro Pedro
Noronha Advogados
Milena Santana
Noronha Advogados
Daniel Alvarenga
Noronha Advogados
Odebrecht Brazil
*XLOKHUPH$QGUH-DSSH
Ministry of Foreign Relations
of Brazil - Embassy of Brazil in
Washington DC

Contributors

| 131

5RGULJR$]HYHGR
Negro Monte Vieira de Melo

Maria Pashalieva
Penkov, Markov & Partners

Canada

0DULD-RDR
Rolim, Viotti & Leite Campos
Advogados

Mariana Katsarova
%XOJDULDQ1DWLRQDO$XGLW2FH

1LFN6KNRUGR
Fasken Martineau

Irena Georgieva
Schoenherr

%HWLQD.DODMD

/XL]*XVWDYR0LUDQGD
Rolim, Viotti & Leite Campos
Advogados
Paulo Fernandes
Rolim, Viotti & Leite Campos
Advogados
$OLFH.KRXU\
Rolim, Viotti & Leite Campos
Advogados
Fernando Villela de Andrade
Vianna
Siqueira Castro - Advogados
5RGULJR&DOD]DQDV0DFHGR
Siqueira Castro - Advogados
/XLV)HOLSH9DOHULP3LQKHLUR

Bulgaria
*HRUJL=DKDULHY
.DOR\DQ%RJHY
Raina Dimitrova
Boyanov & Co Law Firm
Mihail Vishanin
Boyanov & Co Law Firm
%R\DQYDQRY
Dimitrov, Petrov & Co. Law Firm
1LNROD\9DVLOFKHY
Kambourov & Partners,
Attorneys at law

Elitsa Trifonova

-HQLHU5RELWDLOOH

3DXO/DORQGH
Dentons Canada LLP

Burundi

Blake, Cassels & Graydon

Chrisostome Nsabimana
Rubeya & Co-Advocates

*HUU\6WRER
Borden Ladner Gervais

$QDWROH1DKD\R
Rubeya & Co-Advocates

0DQG\$\OHQ
Borden Ladner Gervais

(PPDQXHO%XUDNXY\H
BNM & Co. Advocates

Gail Bradshaw
Public Works and Government
Services, Government of Canada

(OLDQHUDNR]H
&\ULDTXH1LELWHJHND
Nibitegeka & Co. Advocates
3DVWHXU1]LQDKRUD
Nzihahora

Cameroon
$ELDQ\DK80DUWLQ
International Development
Institute
'DYLG%R\R
Boyo & Patimark LLP
Fulbert Ambe
Boyo & Patimark LLP
%UHQJHU0HXNH
-HDQ&ODXGH0LGHOHO
(SDQW\0EDQGD
Moukouri Law

Chile
Marco Ros
Carey & Cia. Ltda.
&DPLOR/OHGR
Carey & Cia. Ltda.
Matas Vergara
Carey & Cia. Ltda.
.DULQD+HQUTXH]
Carey & Cia. Ltda.
-RV6QFKH]
Carey & Cia. Ltda.
5LFDUGR0LUDQGD=LJD
ChileCompra
'RUD/XL]
ChileCompra

Colombia

Elena Apostolova
Kambourov & Partners,
Attorneys at law

Danielle Moukouri
Moukouri Law

&DUORV/]DUR8PDD7UXMLOOR
Brigard & Urrutia

Ana Nikolova

Roland Abeng
The Abeng Law Firm

0DUD/XLVD3RUWR)R[
Brigard & Urrutia

Nicaise Ibohn
The Abeng Law Firm

&VDU)HOLSH5RGUJXH]
Brigard & Urrutia

3LHUUH2VFDU$OHJED1MLNDP
The Abeng Law Firm

+FWRU/HQ0QGH]
Brigard & Urrutia

-HDQ$LPH.RXQJD
The Abeng Law Firm

Felipe Piquero
Esquerra Barrera Arriaga

Vladimir Penkov
Penkov, Markov & Partners
Milena Gaidarska
Penkov, Markov & Partners
Radost Georgieva
Penkov, Markov & Partners

132 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Marc Guimera
Everis

Dapa Donacien Kouakou

BMP Consulting

-RUJH5RGUJXH]
Everis

(ULF.\
West African Economic and
Monetary Union (UEMOA)

$QGUV+LGDOJR
Lloreda Camacho & Co.

.RXLW\6RXPDKRUR

&DUORV&DUYDMDO
Lloreda Camacho & Co.

Adama Soro
SCPA SORO, BAKO et Associs

Samuel Cano
Lloreda Camacho & Co.

Ecuador

Pascal David
&OPHQFH&RUGLHU
Earth Avocats
&ODUD/RPEDUG
Earth Avocats
<YHV5HQ*XLOORX
Earth Avocats
Pierre Reine
Earth Avocats

%HUQDUGR5RGUJXH]2VVD
Parra Rodriguez Sann

-RV5DIDHO%XVWDPDQWH
Crespo
Bustamante & Bustamante

)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU0RUQ/SH]
Parra Rodriguez Sann

'DQLHO/SH]6XUH]
Corporacin Legal CL Ecuador

YQ)HOLSH5RGUJXH]0HGLQD
Parra Rodriguez Sann

Ernesto Velasco Granda

Ferrere

Patrice Adment
Chambre rgionale des comptes
dIle de France

Santiago Parra
Parra Rodriguez Sann

Fabiola Yantalema Cain

GAD, Municipal de General
Antonio Elizalde

3DWULFN/DED\OH3DEHW
Ravetto Associs

&DUORV*PH]
Parra Rodriguez Sann
0DUD0DUJDULWD=XOHWD
*RQ]OH]
&RORPELD&RPSUD(FLHQWH

Congo, Dem. Rep.

.L]LWR.DODOD
Ministre de lIntrieur,
Scurit
-XOHV.DOHQJD
Avocat Kalenga et Associs
'DYLG/XER\D.D\D\D
Expertise Business International
Corporation
0DJORLUH1JXQ]D%HQJD6DND

Cte dIvoire
$N6WDQLVODV$GLNR
/DVVLQH\&DPDUD
CLK Avocats
9DXG\*EHWLERX
CLK Avocats
.DG\7UDRUH
CLK Avocats

VPDHO*XLOOQ]XPD
Track Global Solutions, S.L.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

(OLVDEHWK)HUQDQGH]%HJDXOW
Stephane de Navacelle
Navacelle
6\OYDLQ%RXH\UH

2OLYLHU/DWWH
Taylor Wessing

Gambia, The

$KPHG(O6KDUNDZ\
Sharkawy & Sarhan

Olivia Mutambo Mpatswe,

Esq.
Amie Bensouda & Co, LP

Esraa Abdelmoniem
Sharkawy & Sarhan

$]L]%HQVRXGD(VT
Amie Bensouda & Co, LP

Ibrahim Shehata
Sharkawy & Sarhan

%LQWD7RXUD\
DT Associates

Shaimaa Solaiman
Challenge Law Firm

/DPLQ.%DUURZ
Gambia Public Procurement
Authority GPPA

Levari
:DOLG+HJD]\
Hegazy & Associates
Mohamed Hashish
Soliman, Hashish & Partners
Frederic Soliman
Soliman, Hashish & Partners

France
Pierre Bourdon
Universit Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne

/DOR1'DQVR
Gambia Public Procurement
Authority GPPA
$EGRXOLH0E\H
Gambia Public Procurement
Authority GPPA

Ghana
Patrick Ansah
'RPLQLF'DJEDQMD
Ghana Institute of Management
and Public Administration

Contributors

| 133

Emmanuel Koree
Kwadwo Osei-Asante
Cost Plan Consult Ltd.
0DFDXOH\$PDQNZD
Nilakantha Bhoi
'LQD']HKD
Sivert Ofori
Daniel Quampah
Public Procurement Authority

Guatemala
Marvin Flores
Accin Ciudadana
-RUJH/XLV$UHQDOHVGHOD
Roca
Arias & Muoz
$QGUV*RLFROHD
Arias & Muoz

Salim Succar
Cabinet Lissade
6EDVWLHQ%UHQNH
Cabinet Lissade
Claudie Marsan
Marsan
/XFLHQ0RVH
Commission Nationale des
Marchs Publics
-XGH%DSWLVWH
Centre de Recherche et
DInformation Juridiques

Honduras
0HOLVVD$PD\D
Aguilar Castillo Love
'HQQLV+UFXOHV
Aguilar Castillo Love
+HLGL/XQD
Garca & Bodn

Hong Kong SAR, China

Albert P.C. Chan
Hong Kong Polytechnic
University
(OVD/DL
Financial Services and the
Treasury Bureau

Hungary
Edina Balogh
Bocsk, Katona & Szuchy Law
2FHV
$QGUHD(JHUW]
CLV Partners Law Firm
$QGUHD-GL1PHWK
bpv JDI NMETH Attorneys at
Law
va Flp
bpv JDI NMETH Attorneys at
Law

Vanessa Oqueli
Garca & Bodn

2V]NU7LERU9HUHVV
bpv JDI NMETH Attorneys at
Law

-XDQ&DUORV0QGH]
Garca & Bodn

Public Procurement Authority of

Hungary

+FWRU0DUWQ&HUUDWR
2FLQD1RUPDWLYDGH
Contratacin y Adquisiciones
del Estado (ONCAE)

6]DEROFV7WK
Szabolcs

Olanda Patricia Montes

2FLQD1RUPDWLYDGH
Contratacin y Adquisiciones
del Estado (ONCAE)

M Kahar Al Palinrungi
Universitas Negeri Makassar

:HQG\9VTXH]*LUQ
Grupo Legal Integrado

-RUJH5LFDUGR8UWHFKR*DUFV
2FLQD1RUPDWLYDGH
Contratacin y Adquisiciones
del Estado (ONCAE)

$OH[DQGUD*HUXQJDQ
Makarim & Taira S.

-XDQ&DUORV&DVWLOOR
Aguilar Castillo Love

5REHUWR=DFDULDV
Zacarias & Asociados

Haiti

0DUWKD6DHQ]
Zacarias & Asociados

Martn Barillas
Arias & Muoz
5REHUWR%HUPHMR
Bermejo & Associados
-RV5RVDOHV
Garcia & Bodan
0DULD/LOLDQ)UDQFR'LD]
Duran
Garcia & Bodan
-RV5REHUWR9DOODGHUHV
Montiel
Grupo Legal Integrado
(GG\+XPEHUWR
Grupo Legal Integrado

-RKDQQD6\OYDLQ-RVHSK
La Fondation Hritage pour
Hati

134 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Indonesia

5DKD\X+RHG
Makarim & Taira S.

Agung Darmawan
Makarim & Taira S.
+HULDQV\DK6LUHJDU
Regency of Serdang Bedagai,
North Sumatra
Samsul Ramli
Samsul

Ireland
Peter Curran
Eversheds
Anna-Marie Curran
A&L Goodbody
VDEHO+\GH
A&L Goodbody
Patrick McGovern
Arthur Cox Law Firm
Paul Davis
Dublin City University
-HQQ\0HOOHULFN
McCann FitzGerald
2UODLWK6KHHK\
McCann FitzGerald
Thomas OBrien
7KH2FHRI*RYHUQPHQW
Procurement

Italy
/XLJL'RQDWR
Banca dItalia
/DXUD&DUSLQHWL
Antonella Borsero
Merani & Associati
Marco Mariani
MM&A Studio Legale
Andrea Grappelli
Nunziante Magrone
'DQLHOD-RXYHQDO/RQJ
Nunziante Magrone
Manuela Bruson
ARCA Lombardia and SDA
Bocconi School of Management
Niccolo Cusumano
SDA Bocconi
0DVVLPLOLDQRQ]HULOOR
ARCA Lombardia
Autorit Nazionale
Anticorruzione (ANAC)
Giovanni Mariani
PwC

0DXUL]LR5LVWRUL
PwC

Dominic Rebelo
Anjarwalla & Khanna Advocates

Marco Fanelli
PwC

1RHOOD/XEDQR
Anjarwalla & Khanna Advocates

Francesca Dente
PwC

-DPHV2NHOOR
Institute of Public Procurement

$QGUHD/HQVL2UODQGL
PwC

Guto Mogere
Mohammed Muigai Advocates

)HGHULFD'H/XFD
PwC

Korea, Rep.

/XLVD7RUFKLD
Studio Legale Luisa Torchia
Claudio Cataldi
Studio Legale Luisa Torchia
Giulia Fortuna
Studio Legale Luisa Torchia
Valerio Vecchione
Studio Legale Luisa Torchia

6XQJ:KDQ/HH
$KQVH/DZ2FHV
Chanmo Choi
Public Procurement Service
-XQVRN<DQJ
The Catholic University of Korea
Dae-in Kim
Kim & Chang

Jamaica

Heewoo Kang
Korea Institute of Public Finance

Nicole Foga
Foga Daley

Saerom Ahn
Korea Institute of Public Finance

Ceceile Brown
7DQ\D:ULJKW

0LQ+\H-DQJ
Korea Institute of Public Finance

Jordan

Kyrgyz Republic

Michael Dabit
Michael Dabit and Associates

=KDQ\O$EGUDNKPDQRYD
Colibri Law Firm

6DDG1DD
1DD/DZ)LUP

Illarion Ten
Colibri Law Firm

Rami Samain
1DD/DZ)LUP

(OHQD%DELWVND\D
Veritas Law Agency LLC

7KDHU1DMGDZL
$ 71DMGDZL/DZ2FH

Elena Bit-Avragim
Veritas Law Agency LLC

Imad Qasem
General Supplies Department

$QDUD1LD]RYD
Kyrgyz-Russian Slavonic
University

6DOHHP.KDUUD]
Al Tamimi

Kenya
Muthomi Thiankolu
Muthomi & Karanja Advocates

VNHQGHU%DW\UEHNRY
Grata Law Firm
Elvira Maratova
Grata Law Firm

Contributors

_

Atabek Akhmedov
Grata Law Firm

3ULVFLOOD%DOJRELQ%KR\UXO
Balgobin Chambers

6WHSKDQ\&DUPRQD
Aldaz & Chvez, S.C.

Lebanon

Philipa Waller
Balgobin Chambers

&DUORV&RPSDQ\5RV
Everis Mexico

Poonam Geemul
Cheekhooree
Banymandhub Boolell
Chambers

3DXOLQD$YHQGDR
Goodrich Riquelme

-HDQ%DURXGL
Baroudi and Associates
7DWLDQD.HKG\
Baroudi and Associates
Ali Hamdan
Baroudi and Associates
5DELK)DNKU\
Fakhry Law Firm

8UPLOD%RROHOO
Banymandhub Boolell
Chambers

3DROD/SH]
Hogan Lovells BSTL, S.C.
Gerardo Soria
Lpez Velarde, Heftye y Soria,
S.C.

Ghada Harb
Fakhry Law Firm

Cristelle Parsooramen
Banymandhub Boolell
Chambers

=LDG(O.KRXU\
El-Khoury & Partners Legal
Counsel

$\QXU9LVUDP
Banymandhub Boolell
Chambers

/LOL.KDLUDOODK
El-Khoury & Partners Legal
Counsel

)DEULFH$]D
Banymandhub Boolell
Chambers

Bassem Chalhoub
El-Khoury & Partners Legal
Counsel

6DQMHHY..DODFKDQG
Basset Chambers

/LOLDQD&RU]R
Nader, Hayaux y Goebel, S.C.

Karrim Namdarkhan
Basset Chambers

&DUROLQD3HUH]
Nader, Hayaux y Goebel, S.C.

Gavin Glover
The Chambers of Gavin Glover,
SC

0DULDQR&DOGHUQ
Santamarina y Steta

Fadi Nader
Levant Law Practice
Dania Rammal
Levant Law Practice
Abbas Skeineh
Levant Law Practice
5DELK0RQ]HU
Ramzi Joreige and Partners

Nitish Hurnaum
The Chambers of Gavin Glover,
SC

5LFDUGR0RU
Mor Abogados
-RUJH=DPXGLR
Mor Abogados
9DQHVVD)UDQ\XWWL
Nader, Hayaux y Goebel, S.C.
$OHMDQGR5RMDV
Nader, Hayaux y Goebel, S.C.

Elas Moncada
Santamarina y Steta
(OL]DEHWK<DQH]

6DQG\&KXRQJ
The Chambers of Gavin Glover,
SC

Moldova

Malaysia

Dev Erriah
Erriah Chambers

0DULQD=DQRJD
ACI Partners

Christoper & Lee Ong

+DUQDPVLQJ/XWFKPHHVLQJ

-H/HRQJ
-H/HRQJ3RRQ :RQJ

:HQ)RFN&\ULO.ZRQJ:D\H

Igor Odobescu
ACI Partners

Mauritius

Enrique Garca Huerta

Cannizzo, Ortiz y Asociados

1H\OD5DKDO
Ramzi Joreige and Partners

Amoordon Pooben
Ministry of Health & Quality of
Life

136 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

Mexico

5RJHOLR$OGD]5RPHUR
Aldaz & Chvez, S.C.

Cristina Martin
ACI Partners

6WDQLVODY&RSHFKL
ACI Partners
Andrei Caciurenco
ACI Partners
DAAC System Integrator

Roger Gladei
Gladei & Partners

0HKGL(O0RXMDKGL
Sodipress

-DLPH&DVDQRYD
DFDL Myanmar Ltd.

Aelita Orhei
Gladei & Partners

Brahim Ahmich

0\D0\LQW]X
DFDL Myanmar Ltd.

Marian Nenita

Sanaa Dlimia
Gide Loyrette Nouel

Ana Galus
Turcan Cazac Law Firm

Khnata Saidi
Division des Marchs

Vladimir Palamarciuc
Turcan Cazac Law Firm

Mozambique

Mongolia
Anderson & Anderson LLP
Pierre-Michel Motteau
Audier & Partners
%D\DU%XGUDJFKDD
ELC LLP Advocates
%DDVDQMDUJDO.KXUHOEDDWDU
ELC LLP Advocates
Burnee Damtsagdo
ELC LLP Advocates
Bulgan Damdinragchaa
ELC LLP Advocates
(QNKMDUJDO7XPHQMDUJDO
ELC LLP Advocates
8QHQWXJV6KDJGDU
JP Law Group
&KXOXXQEDDWDU%HJ]VXUHQ
LexLoci LLP
*DQEDW%\DPEDMDY
LexLoci LLP
%X\DQWRJRV%DOMLQQ\DP
LRCM LLP
0DNKDQE\HW$GDL
Public Procurement
Department-- Province of
Bayan-Olgii

Morocco
Aicha Brahma
Cabinet Hajji & Associs
$PLQ+DMML
Cabinet Hajji & Associs

)HUQDQGD/RSHV
Fernanda Lopes & Associados,
Advogados
Alcinda Cumba
Fernanda Lopes & Associados,
Advogados
Paula Duarte Rocha
MLC Advogados - Henriques,
Rocha & Associados, Lda.
Silvia Prista Cunha
MLC Advogados - Henriques,
Rocha & Associados, Lda.
$QD%HUWD0D]X]H
MLC Advogados - Henriques,
Rocha & Associados, Lda.
Tiago Arouca Mendes
MLC Advogados - Henriques,
Rocha & Associados, Lda.
Miguel Spnola
PLMJ - Sociedade de Advogadso,
RL and GML - Gabinete Legal
Moambique

.R.R<H/ZLQ
DFDL Myanmar Ltd.
1D\&KL0LQ0DXQJ
DFDL Myanmar Ltd.
/XF\:D\QH
Lucy Wayne & Associates, Ltd
Win Naing
Lucy Wayne & Associates, Ltd
=KHQWX/LX

Namibia
Rosalia Mboti
Koep & Partners
+XJR0H\HUYDQGHQ%HUJ
Koep & Partners
:LOODUG70XJDG]D
Africa Institute for Fighting
Corruption in Public
Procurement

Nepal
9LG\D1DWK1HSDO
Center for Public Policy
Dialogue
/DOPDQL-RVKL
Center for Public Policy
Dialogue

Nuno Morgado Pereira

PLMJ - Sociedade de Advogadso,
RL

%KDUDW3UDVDG3RXG\DO
Center for Public Policy
Dialogue

-RR3HGUR&RXWLQKR
PLMJ - Sociedade de Advogadso,
RL

Prem Karki
Center for Public Policy
Dialogue

Amina Abdala
GLM Gabientete Legal
Moambique

-DJDW1DUD\DQ0DQGDO
Ncell Private Ltd

Myanmar
'DYLG-RQHV
:LOOLDP'*UHHQOHH-U
DFDL Myanmar Ltd.

Shirshak Ghimire
Pradhan, Ghimire & Associates
6DXEKDJ\D6KDK
Pradhan, Ghimire & Associates

Contributors

| 137

Netherlands

Nicaragua

Michel Chatelin
Eversheds B.V.

5RGULJREDUUD5RGQH\
Arias & Muoz

-DQ7HOJHQ
University of Twente

Garca & Bodn

Floris den Boer

PIANOo - Dutch Public
Procurement Expertise Centre
+HQN:LMQHQ
PIANOo - Dutch Public
Procurement Expertise Centre
-DFRELHQ0XQW]%HHNKXLV
PIANOo - Dutch Public
Procurement Expertise Centre

Fernando Midence-Mantilla
Lexincorp-Central American Law
Firm
/LQGD+XUWDGR
Lexincorp-Central American Law
Firm
Andrea Vidaurre
Mungua Vidaurre Ziga

Nigeria

:RXWHU/RKPDQQ
University of Twente

$GHR\H$GHIXOX
Odujinrin & Adefulu

New Zealand

Amina Imam
Abuja Electricity Distribution
Company

0HL)HUQ-RKQVRQ
Russell McVeagh
David Clarke
Russell McVeagh
Chris Browne
Wilson Harle
Rachel Sussock
Wilson Harle

/DZUHQFH6REL\H
Woodside Nigeria Limited
Onimole Akin
Onimole
Rotimi Abina
7DMXGHHQ2\DZR\H
Tajudeen Oyawoye & Co.

Thomas Burgess
Wilson Harle

Sope Williams-Elegbe
University of Lagos

Yasmin Olsen
Wilson Harle

Peru

%ULDQ&OD\WRQ
Chapman Tripp
Aaron Adams
Chapman Tripp
Nick Crang
Duncan Cotterill
Karen English
Ministry of Business, Innovation
and Employment
1LFN6D[WRQ
Minter Ellison Rudd Watts

138 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

/LOLDQD&DUROLQD&DEUHUD
Moncada
Carbera Moncada Abogados &
Consultores SAC
-RUJH'DQRV
Estudio Echecopar, member
UPRI%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH
International
=LWD$JXLOHUD
Estudio Echecopar, member
UPRI%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH
International

Mara del Carmen Tovar

Estudio Echecopar, member
UPRI%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH
International
$OIRQ]R0RVFRO&DUUDVFR
Everis
0DUWQ=HFHQDUUR)ORUHV
Martn Zecenarro Abogados
-LPP\$OHJULD0RUHDQR
/XZLQJ3HFKH/RD\]D
-XDQ-RVH&DUGHQDV
Rebaza Alczar & De Las Casas
Abogados
&ODXGLD$XVHMR
Rebaza Alczar & De Las Casas
Abogados
Natalia Gallardo
Rebaza Alczar & De Las Casas
Abogados
Organismo Supervisor de
Contrataciones del Estado (OSCE)
Track Global Solutions Per,
SAC

Philippines
Israel Helios S. Inocencio
Procurement Unit at FASPO,
DENR
Aida Carpentero
Procurement Service,
Department of Education
(ELQH]HU)ORUDQR
Center for Policy and Executive
Development
5RFN\$OHMDQGUR5H\HV
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan
Roshni Balani
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan
Diana Gervacio
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan

$QWKRQ\:'HH
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan
Bhong Paulo A. Macasaet
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan
0D3DWULFLD%3D]
SyCip Salazar Hernandez &
Gatmaitan
Department of Social Welfare
and Development

Poland
0DWHXV]%U]H]LVNL
0DUFLQ%HMP
&OLRUG&KDQFH
3LRWU%RJGDQRZLF]
&OLRUG&KDQFH
.DWDU]\QD3HUNRZVND
&OLRUG&KDQFH
:RMFLHFK+DUWXQJ
'RPDVNL=DNU]HZVNL3DOLQND
.DWDU]\QD.XPD
'RPDVNL=DNU]HZVNL3DOLQND

Romania
Corina Neaga

XOLDQD/HRQ
XFD=EUFHD $VRFLDLL

Ioan Baciu
5XELQ0H\HU'RUX 7UDQGDU

Iulia Vass
Vass Lawyers

Anca Albulescu
ESY*ULJRUHVFXWHIQLF

Russian Federation

&ULVWLQD5DQGMDN
ESY*ULJRUHVFXWHIQLF
Iulia Dragomir
ESY*ULJRUHVFXWHIQLF
$QGUHHD&UDUH
ESY*ULJRUHVFXWHIQLF
Raluca Marcu
ESY*ULJRUHVFXWHIQLF
Violeta Simionescu
Integrate Investment
&WOLQ%DUE
/HUR\L$VRFLDLL
Andreea Toma
/HUR\L$VRFLDLL
Mona Musat
0XDW $VRFLDLL

Alim Inalov
Limited Liability Company
SMU Front Engineering
Tri-a-kom, LLC
$OH[DQGUD&KHUQRYD
Kompaniya MKM Prof, LLC
Eugenia Erokhina
$OH[H\.KULSXQ
Moscow City Healthcare
Department
Anna Orlova
TOR-Impex, LLC
(OHQD3R]KDUVND\D
Moscow City Science and
Industrial Policy Department
7DWLDQD3UR]RURYD

Crina Ciobanu
0XDW $VRFLDLL

OL\D'LPLWURY
Association of Electronic Trading
Platforms (AETP)

Piotr Kunick
Wierzbowski Eversheds

Adina Chilim-Dumitriu
Nestor Nestor Diculescu
Kingston Petersen

1LNROD\$NLPRY
Moscow Metropolitan
Governance University

7RPDV]=DOHZVNL
Wierzbowski Eversheds

$OH[DQGUX*RVD
PeliFilip SCA

Yulia Nabiullina
Beiten Burkhardt Moscow

$JDWD+U\F/G

Bogdan Creteanu
PeliFilip SCA

Kamil Karibov
Beiten Burkhardt Moscow

Tudorie Irena
Popovici Nitu & Asociatii

Falk Tischendorf
Beiten Burkhardt Moscow

3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQW2FH

$OH[DQGUX6DQGX
Bulboaca & Associates Law Firm

Anastasia Vasilieva
Beiten Burkhardt Moscow

0DFLHMOLUF]\N
Warsaw University

)ORUHQWLQXFD
XFD=EUFHD $VRFLDLL

/LND6\NLDLQHQ
Castren & Snellman

Agata Smerd

HUEDQ3VODUX
XFD=EUFHD $VRFLDLL

.LULOO9ODGLPLURYLK.X]QHWVRY
&HQWHUIRU(FLHQW3XEOLF
Procurement

Marcin Krakowiak
'RPDVNL=DNU]HZVNL3DOLQND

$QGU]HM-DQXV]HZVNL
0DOJRU]DWD3DO\VD
Polish Agency for Enterprise
Development

Aneta Wala
WALA Consult sp. z o.o.

Vlad Cercel
XFD=EUFHD $VRFLDLL

Contributors

_

Victoria Bortkevicha
&OLRUG&KDQFH&6/LPLWHG
/DXUD%UDQN
Dechert Russia LLC, Moscow
Branch
$OH[DQGHU9ROQRY
Dechert Russia LLC, Moscow
Branch
6DJODUDOG]KLULQRYD
Dechert Russia LLC, Moscow
Branch
Andrei Shkadov
FBK Legal
Sergei Ermolenko
FBK Legal
$OH[DQGHU'ROJRY
Hogan Lovells
*ULJRU\)HGRURY
Hogan Lovells
Konstantin Makarevich
Hogan Lovells

Senegal

Singapore

Cheikh Fall
Cabinet Cheikh Fall

Kim Hock Ang

Baker & McKenzie.Wong & Leow

/DPLQH)DOO

+HQU\*DR
Singapore Management
University

Mamadou Moustapha
1GLD\H
7DNLD1DVVDWRX)DOO
Carvalho

Serbia
'HMDQ3HUL
Isailovic & Partners
'XEUDYND.RVL
/DZ2FH.RVL
0DUWD1DGM*UXERU
National Agency for Regional
Development
%RULVDY.QH]HYLF
Republic Commission for
Protection of Rights in Public
Procurement Procedures

Fedor Kovatev
Hogan Lovells

7DWMDQD-RYDQLF
University of Belgrade, Faculty
of Law

Denis Kachkin
Kachkin & Partners

%UDQLPLU%ODJRMHYLF
National Bank of Serbia

-XOLD9RVNRERLQLNRYD
Linklaters

0DMD6WDQLYXNRYL
University of Novi Sad, Faculty
of Law

*HRUJH6XNKGROVN\
The Council of the National
Association of Procurement
Institutions
Anton Subbot
Baker & McKenzie - CIS
6WDQLVODY7URPFKXN
Baker & McKenzie - CIS
9ODGLPLU5\DERY
SRO NP GTS
Anisa Sukhareva
Moscow City Regional Power
Engineering Commission
Boris Suprun

140 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

3UHGUDJ*UR]D
/DZ2FH7RPLF6LQGMHOLF*UR]D
-XJRVODYD9RMQRYLF
City of Belgrade

Sierra Leone
Franklin Ibemessie
International Business &
Technical Consultants, Inc.
%7&0LOOHQQLXP&KDOOHQJH
Account-Philippines (MCA-P)
/DYLQD%DQGXDK
Transparency International
Sierra Leone

Ignatius Hwang
Squire Patton Boggs

South Africa
7ODQJHODQL'ROO\0DNROH
Allegria Graphix & Consulting
Claire Tucker
%RZPDQ*LOOODQQF
3KLOLSSD5H\EXUQ
Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs
Inc.
Grant Williams
Eversheds (SA) Inc.
-DPHV0Q\DQGD

Spain
Pablo Dorronsoro
Baker & McKenzie Madrid
Raquel Ballestros
Bird & Bird LLP
$QGUV-LPQH]
Eversheds Nicea
Alberto Dorrego De Carlos
Eversheds Nicea
$QD0XR]
Eversheds Nicea
0DULVRO/DPRUD
Eversheds Nicea
-DLPH-LPQH]$\DOD
-RUJH$JXLUUHJRPH]FRUWD
Oppelt
KPMG Abogados S.L.
$QD/SH]&DUUDVFDO
KPMG Abogados S.L.
0DULR6H]%DVFXDQD
MVA Asociados

-RV0*LPHQR
Observatorio Contratacin
3EOLFD8QLYHUVLGDGGH
Zaragoza
Patricia Valcarcel
Universidade de Vigo
Pontevedra
;LPHQD/D]R
Universidad de Alcal
%HOQ1RJXHUD
Universidad de Barcelona
Miguel A. Bernal
Universidad de Zaragoza
(OHQD+HUQDH]
Tribunal Administrativo
Contratos Publicos Comunidad
de Madrid
0DUD-6DQWLDJR
Tribunal Admistrativo Recursos
Contractuales Junta de
Andaluca
Arancha Bengoechea
%DUWRORP
Landwell Pricewaterhouse, Tax
& Legal Services S.L.
-RV0LJXHO/SH]*DUFD
Landwell Pricewaterhouse, Tax
& Legal Services S.L.
2WWQ6QFKH]9L]FDLQR
9DOGV
Landwell Pricewaterhouse, Tax
& Legal Services S.L.
JQDFLR6DQ-XDQ9LOFKHV
Landwell Pricewaterhouse, Tax
& Legal Services S.L.
LJRGHO*XD\R
University of Almera
/RUHQ]R0HOODGR
University of Almera
-XDQ$QWRQLR*DOOR6DOOHQW
Tribunal Catal de Contractes
del Sector Pblic
Track Global Solutions, S.L.

Sweden
Morvarid Dorkhan Nilsson
Baker & McKenzie
6RD)DONQHU
Baker & McKenzie
$QQD8OIVGRWWHU)RUVVHOO
Delphi
Ingrid Sandstedt
Delphi

0LQJ<HQ/LQ
DEEP & FAR Attorneys-at-Law
C.F. Tsai
DEEP & FAR Attorneys-at-Law
<X/L7VDL
DEEP & FAR Attorneys-at-Law

Tanzania
-RVHSK0DFKD
Nkasi District

-RKQ+DQH
)R\HQ$GYRNDWUPD

6WDQOH\0DELWL
NexLaw Advocates

)UHGULN/LQGHU
Hamilton Law Firm

(PPDQXHO0DOLJDQ\D
Bank of Tanzania

Mikael Dubois
Hamilton Law Firm

Peter Kasanda
Clyde & Co Tanzania

+HOHQD5RVQ$QGHUVVRQ
Lindahl Law Firm

Thailand

+DQQD/XQGTYLVW
Lindahl Law Firm
Robert gren
Lund University
Mia Salborn Hodgson
Konkurrensverket (The Swedish
Competition Authority)
Martin Vildhede
Setterwalls Advokatbyr AB
8OI'MXUEHUJ
Setterwalls Advokatbyr AB
Andrea Sundstrand
Stockholm University
*UDQ-RKDQVVRQ
Eversheds Advokatbyr AB
Christopher Stridh
Eversheds Advokatbyr AB

2FHRIWKH1DWLRQDO$QWL
Corruption Commission
Penrurk Phetmani
Tilleke & Gibbins International
Ltd.
$KPHW<HVLOND\D
Tilleke & Gibbins International
Ltd.
6XSDVLW6D\SDQ
Tilleke & Gibbins International
Ltd.

Togo
$OH[LV&R$TXHUHEXUX
Aquereburu & Partners
Essi D. Sonia Sossoe
Aquereburu & Partners
.RXPR\L*EHOHRX

Taiwan, China

Martial Akakpo
SCP Martial Akakpo & Associs

7LDQ\+XDQJ
%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH7DLSHL2FH

Mandina Mandi
SCP Martial Akakpo & Associs

Melanie Ho
%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH7DLSHL2FH

6DQGULQH%DGMLOL
SCP Martial Akakpo & Associs

-RQDWKDQ+R
%DNHU 0F.HQ]LH7DLSHL2FH

$PDWNR.DQJQL
SCP Martial Akakpo & Associs

Contributors

| 141

Tiburce Monnou
Cabinet dAvocats Monnatt

+VH\LQ(PUH(QH\
akmak Attorneys at Law

JRU6YLWO\N
Arzinger Law Firm

Tchitchao Tchalim

+HUJQHU%LOJHQ]HNH$WWRUQH\
Partnership

Viktoriia Gladka
Arzinger Law Firm

Tolga Ismen
Ismen Gunalcin

6YLWODQD0DO\QRYVND
Arzinger Law Firm

1)XO\D.D]ED\
N. Fulya Kazbay Law Firm

2OHNVDQGU9R]Q\XN
Asters

(OYDQ$]L]
Paksoy Law Firm

$QDVWDVLD8VRYD
Asters

Burak Kepkep
Paksoy Law Firm

Andrii Grebonkin
&OLRUG&KDQFH//&

*XQFH$ND\
Pekin & Pekin

2OHNVL\6RORYLRY
Gide Loyrette Nouel

Mohamed Raouf El Heni

Eversheds El Heni

Hakan Durusel
Pekin & Pekin

Bertrand Barrier
Gide Loyrette Nouel

Selima Ben Hamouda

Eversheds El Heni

6LQDQ6XQD\
Pekin & Pekin

$OH[DQGHU:HLJHOW
LLC Nobles

)DUHV.RXVVD\(O+HQL
Eversheds El Heni

Uganda

'HQ\VYHUJHOHV
LLC Nobles

Tambalo Karo
Ministre de la Justice du Togo

Tunisia
+HQGD%RXMQHK%HQ'ULVV
(O\HV&KDIWHU
Chafter Raouadi
=LQH(O$ELGLQH&KDIWHU
Chafter Raouadi
Habiba Raouadi
Chafter Raouadi
'RQLD+HGGD(OORX]H

Mongi Elfeki

Akurut Irene
0V'1.DEXJR$GYRFDWHV

Mohamed Kammoun
Kammoun & Kallel

-LPP\$PHQ\
KPMG Uganda

Ahmed Kallel
Kammoun & Kallel

.\HQGR(QRFN
KPMG Uganda

PHG2XVVDL

Edgar Isingoma
KPMG Uganda

1DWDOLLD6K\PNR
Ministry of Economic
Development and Trade of
Ukraine

&KDUOHV.DOXPL\D
Kampala Associated Advocates

United Kingdom

/DWLID7DUFKL
Haute Instance des Commandes
Publiques (HAICOP)

Turkey
*QH0HUPHU
DNPDN$YXNDWON%URVX
Dicle Su Han
DNPDN$YXNDWON%URVX
0XVWDID'XUDNROX
akmak Attorneys at Law
Ecem Pirler
akmak Attorneys at Law
]OHP.]O9R\YRGD
akmak Attorneys at Law

142 | Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016

VDDF.\DJDED
Kampala Associated Advocates
Stella Mwali
Kampala Associated Advocates

Ukraine
$OH[DQGHU%XUWRYR\
Antika Law Firm
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Vasil Kisil & Partners

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Warsha Kale
Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP
Dermot Cahill
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Ceri Evans
Institute for Competition &
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Department of Transportation
DC

Alicia Alonso
Agencia de Compras y
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Patrick Parkin
Burges Salmon LLP

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Pepper Hamilton LLP

Ian Tucker
Burges Salmon LLP

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Ministry of Economy and
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Anatoli Tsakalidou
Eastern Shires Purchasing
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Pepper Hamilton LLP

Giles Thomas Cooper

Duane Morris Vietnam LLC

Tim di Giuseppe
TD Governement Solutions, LLC

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Duane Morris Vietnam LLC

Thomas Petruska
Contracts Unlimited, Inc.

Oliver Massmann
Duane Morris Vietnam LLC

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Thu Thao Bui

Gide Loyrette Nouel AARPI

Richard Matthews
Eversheds LLP
Edward Williams
Eversheds LLP
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Reed Smith LLP

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Brian Darst
Brian Darst, Attorney At Law
Keaston Simmons
E3 Federal Solutions LLC

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Posados, Posados & Vecino
Mara Victoria Garbato
Posados, Posados & Vecino

Vietnam

Nasir PKM Abdul

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Charles Magdelaine
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Thu Hien Bui
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Indochine Counsel
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Vision & Associates Co. Ltd

Zambia

Pablo Varela
Posados, Posados & Vecino

Vincent Moola
African Union Commission

Federico Samudio
Posados, Posados & Vecino

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Chibesakunda & Company
Victor Tembo

Contributors

| 143

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chlorine-free (PCF), or enhanced elemental chlorine-free (EECF)
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can be found at http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do
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www.bpp.worldbank.org
bppindicators@worldbank.org

ISBN 978-1-4648-0726-8

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