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Untouchability is Inhuman

Untouchability is a Crime

Untouchability is a Sin

Higher Secondary - First Year

COMMERCE

Prof. M.P. MAHESH

Lecturer in Commerce
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar-608 002

2.

Dr. SM. CHOKKALINGAM

Professor & Head
Department of Commerce
Directorate of Distance Education
Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar-608 002

Dr. V. MURTHI
Reader in Commerce
Department of Commerce
Government Arts College
Salem-636 007.

1.

2.

Mrs. M. PREMAKUMARI
P.G.Assistant in Commerce
Jaigopal Garodia Govt. School
Saidapet,
Chennai-600 015.

Thiru. S. SIVANANTHAM
P.G. Assistant in Commerce
Sivakasi Hindu Nadars
Victoria Higher
Secondary School,
Sivakasi-626 123

3.

Prof. A.BALAGANGADARAN
S.G. Lecturer in Commerce
D.B.Jain College
Thorappakkam
Chennai-600 090

Printed by

This book has been printed on 60 GSM Paper

Price : Rs.

4.

3.

REVIEWERS

Prof. C. DHANAPAL
S.G. Lecturer in Commerce
Salem Sowdeswari College
Salem-636 010

1.

AUTHORS

CHAIRPERSON
Prof. G. ELUMALAI
Head, Post Graduate
Department of commerce
Government Arts College
Salem-636 007

C Government of Tamilnadu
First Edition - 2004

CHAIRMAN

We believe that the book is rich in its content and quality, which will
enhance the knowledge of the students.

While preparing for the examination, students should not restrict

themselves, only to the questions/problems given in the self evaluation. They
must be prepared to answer the questions and problems from the entire
text.

We do hope that some extra efforts are required from our teachers
while teaching the new chapters. We solicit the teachers to offer their
esteemed opinion and criticism about this book.

In order to enlighten the students in the innovative methods followed

by Banks and Insurance companies, these chapters have been explained in
detail with relevant examples to cope with the recent developments. Further,
to create an awareness in the minds of consumers, chapters on
Advertisement and Consumerism have been elucidated to protect themselves
from the exploitation and unfair trade practices adopted by traders. The
entry of foreign companies on account of the policy of liberalisation, a brief
note on Multinationals, World Trade Organiasation, E-Commerce, Webadvertising, ATM, Credit Card etc., have been mentioned in the book. In
appropriate places, charts, diagrams and downloaded pictures have been
included for a better understanding of the subject.

This book on commerce meant for the XIth standard students has
been written in accordance with the revised and upgraded syllabus. The
dynamic changes that took place in science and technology and their impact
on commerce have necessitated the inclusion of lastest topics in this book.
Chapters on Internal trade, International trade, Transport and Warehousing
have been elaborately discussed to enable the teachers and the taught to
acquire more knowledge in current developments.

PREFACE