HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

(CE 404)
1

LECTURE #1

Course Description, Phases of Road Design, cross

section , and road capacity
By

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Contents
2

Objectives of the present lecture

Course Description
Text Book
Outcome Assessment
Phases of Road Design
Road cross section elements

road capacity

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Objectives of the Present lecture

3

To provide an overview of the course contents

Road cross section elements and Traffic capacity

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Course Description
4

Geometric design

Structure design

Highway cross
section

Soil classification
and water drainage

Vertical
alignment

Compaction and
soil strength

Horizontal
alignment

Pavement design
Mix design

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Text Book
5

Traffic and Highway Engineering 4th Edition by N. J.

Garber and L.A. Hoel

A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets

Highway Engineering, 7Th Edition By Paul H Wright ,

Karen Dixon
CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Outcome Assessment
6

Two Midterm Exams

25%
10 %
15%
50%

Home Work
Project
Final Exam

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Exams
7

First Midterm
Geometric design
Second Midterm
Structure design
Final
Geometric design
Structure design

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design

8

Phases of road design

1.

2.
3.
4.

Road location survey

Reconnaissance survey

Preliminary survey

Final location survey

Material location survey
Traffic survey
Geology , hydrology and environmental studies

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

9

Topographic
Maps

Road location survey

Reconnaissance survey
The purpose of the
reconnaissance survey is to
evaluate the feasibility of
one or more corridor routes
for a highway between
specific points that may be
many kilometers away and
can taking in to account the
following:

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

10

land use map

Aerial Photographs

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

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Geological and Soil

Maps

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

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Preliminary survey
Preliminary horizontal and vertical alignment
determined and all feasible routes are evaluated for:
1-Minimize the instruction cost
2-Minimize the impact on the Environment
3-Function of term Safety
4-maximise of the economic investment(cost/benefit)

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

13

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

14

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Phases of Road Design (Contd.)

15

Final location survey

o Fixed the center line of the selected alignment and collect
additional data for the design and preparation
o
of working drawings:
o Pegging the centre line
o Centre-line Leveling
o Cross-section Leveling:
o Intersecting Roads
o Ditches and Streams

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Classification of Highways
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Based on the Traffic Volume

Heavy
Medium
Light

Depending the type of Carriage way

Paved roads(WBM)
Unpaved roads(earth road or gravel road)

Based on location

Urban roads
Rural roads

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Road cross section elements

17

Urban roads

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

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CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

19

Rural roads

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

20

Shoulder slope:
Bitumen/concrete-surfaced: 2 to 6%
Gravel/crushed-rock: 4 to 6%
CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

21

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

22

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

23

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

24

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

25

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

March 17, 2016

Road cross section elements (Contd.)

26

Carriageway
It is the travel way which is used for movement
of vehicle, it takes the vehicular loading .

Width of carriageway is determined on the

basis of the width of the vehicle and the
minimum side clearance for safety.

As per specification, the width of travel way

is 5.5m to 7.5m in case of two lane

It may be cement concrete road or bituminous

pavement.

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Highway cross section elements (Contd.)

27

Shoulder:
It is provided along the road edge to
serve as an emergency lane for vehicle.
It act as a service lane for vehicles
that have broken down.
The minimum shoulder width is 2.5
m
The color should be different from that
of the pavement so as to be distinct.

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Highway cross section elements (Contd.)

28

Shoulder:

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Highway cross section elements (Contd.)

29

Shoulder:

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Highway cross section elements (Contd.)

30

Median:

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Highway cross section elements (Contd.)

31

Median:

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

32

Traffic capacity:
The ability of a roadway to accommodate traffic volume. It is expressed as the
maximum number of vehicle in a lane or a road that can pass a given point in unit
time, usually an hour.

Basic capacity:

The maximum volume of vehicles(PC) per hour that can pass a certain
point or section of a road in a given time under the ideal condition
(most ideal road way, traffic and control conditions that can possibly be
attained)

Possible capacity:

It is the maximum no. vehicle(PC) that can pass a given point on a

roadway during one hour under prevailing roadway and traffic
conditions.

Practical capacity:

It is the maximum no. of vehicle that can pass a given point on a

roadway during one hour, under the actual condition for roadway
and traffic

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity
33

Basic capacity:

The maximum volume of vehicles(PC) per hour that can pass a certain
point or section of a road in a given time under the ideal condition
(most ideal road way, traffic and control conditions that can possibly be
attained)

Ideal condition

All vehicles are passenger car .

All the vehicles are traveling at
the same.
Cross section is under the ideal
condition.

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

34

Practical capacity:

It is the maximum no. of vehicle that can pass a given point on a

roadway during one hour, under the stander condition for roadway
and traffic

Table 1

Stander condition

Design speed
Urban road 55 to 65 km/h
Rural road 70 to 80 km/h
SD more than 450 m
Width lane not less than 3.75 m
Flat area
No truck
Edge clearance not less than 1.85
m

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

35

= 1 1 2
is primary from table 1
F1 from table 2 (Combined Effect of Lane Width
& Edge Clearance on Practical Capacity)
F2 from table 3(Effect of commercial vehicles
and topography )
fc1

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

36

= 1 1 2
Table 2

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

37

= 1 1 2
Table 3

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

38

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

39

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Traffic capacity (Contd.)

40

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016

Thank You
41

CE 404. Highway Engineering

Alghrafy

2016