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ABSTRACT
Today the depletion of fossil fuel, global heating and emissions is become a serious problem in the world. India imports nearly 75% of its 4.3
million barrels per day crude oil. Due to this depletion and amount of emission has given way for the new technologies like Fuel cells
vehicles, Electric vehicles. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be combined by hybrid
technology. During city driving conditions like frequent stop and go and long idling time has resulted into poor fuel economy and
higher harmful pollutant emissions from IC Engine powered vehicles. The current hybrid car emits less pollutant than the market
average. In hybrid electric vehicle the fuel consumption is decrease than pure ICE. HEV technology, more expensive than conventional
vehicles, is poised for entry into new markets and also complicated structure, heavier, skilled man power required for maintenance and lack
of awareness stop them to gain more consumers. In this petrol car is converted in to experimental hybrid electric vehicle and for a route the
fuel consumption and emissions are observed in city area.
NCVET16
Sagar Ranani
INTRODUCTION
The internal combustion engine is one of the
greatest inventions of mankind. The conventional
vehicles with ICE provide a good performance
and long operating range. However they have
continue to cause serious problems for poor fuel
economy, environment pollution and human life.
While there are also alternate fuels like LPG,
CNG, biogas, bio diesel, ethanol, methanol,
hydrogen, electricity but use of them is becoming
widely and also not easily available at anywhere
.
BARRIERS ON PRESENT AUTOMOBILE
FUELS
Rising Prices
India is importing 90% of its petroleum demand.
The reserves of petroleum are mostly in gulf
countries. Moreover, day by day the reserves
of petroleum are depleting and demand is
increasing. The law is for higher demand and less
supply situation the prices of the petroleum is
ever increasing.
Impact on Aquatic Life by Oil Spill
The use of petroleum not only impacts on human
being and environment but it also effects on
land, vegetation, water and living hood on land
as well as water. Petroleum products spilled on
land causes in fertility and damaged to the
vegetation. The oil spilled in water creates
breathing problem to the live being in to the
water. The petroleum products are not easily debio graded and bad impact last for longer.
Health risks associated with vehicle emission
Toxic emission from fossil fuel combustion
particularly in vehicle is not only linked to
climate change but also have significant impact
on air quality and health, resulting in increased
hospital admissions, respiratory illness and
premature deaths, especially in urban area.
INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN DRIVING
CYCLE
The driving cycle of any country is the probable
plot of the vehicle speed right from the start of
the engine through its journey over a prescribed
time Driving cycle is an expensive transient test
procedure and reflects the average emission
NCVET16
Sagar Ranani
Vehicle
type
Helmet
(sec)
Himalaya
(sec)
Car
Bus
2Wheeler
3Wheeler
641
712.1
626.2
419
484.8
404.2
Sal
hospital
(sec)
567.4
548.6
551.5
627
382.6
542.8
Sagar Ranani
Name of
intersection
Petrol
(liters)
Diesel
(liters)
Sal
hospital
Himalaya
307.438
81.9449 178.14
Helmet
CNG
(liters)
358.116 361.22
NCVET16
Sagar Ranani
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to Prof. Nityam Oza for his
guidance and constant supervision as well as for
providing necessary information I would like to
thank the teaching &non-teaching staff of
Department of Mechanical Engineering for
sharing their knowledge with me.
REFRENCES
BOOKS:
[1] Dr. S.S.Thipse, Alternative Fuels,Jaico
Publication,2010.
JOURNAL PAPERS:
Sagar Ranani