Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1
1.1
Puri, located on the east coast of India on the Bay of Bengal, is in the centre of the Puri district. It is delimited by
the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, the Mauza Sipaurubilla on the west, Mauza Gopinathpur in the north and
Mauza Balukhand in the east. It is within the 67 kilometres (42 mi) coastal stretch of sandy beaches that extends
between Chilika Lake and the south of Puri city. However, the administrative jurisdiction of the Puri Municipality extends over an area of 16.3268 square kilometres
1
1.2
Climate
Another ancient name is Charita as identied by General Alexander Cunningham of the Archaeological Survey of India, which was later spelled as Che-li-ta-lo by
Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang. When the present temple was built by the Eastern Ganga king Anantavarman
Chodaganga in the 11th and 12th centuries AD, it was
called Purushottamkshetra. However, the Moghuls, the
Marathas and early British rulers called it Purushottamachhatar or just Chhatar. In Moghul ruler Akbar's Ain-iAkbari and subsequent Muslim historical records it was
known as Purushottama. In the Sanskrit drama Anargha
Raghava Nataka as well, authored by Murari Mishra, a
playwright, in the 8th century AD, it is referred to as
Purushottama.[6] It was only after 12th century AD that
Puri came to be known by the shortened form of Jagannatha Puri, named after the deity or in a short form as
Puri.[7] It is the only shrine in India, where Radha, along
with Lakshmi, Saraswati, Durga, Bhudevi, Sati, Parvati,
and Shakti, abodes with Krishna, who is also known by
the name Jagannath.[10]
HISTORY
Ancient period
History
2.1
Names in history
2.4
Modern history
2.3
3
have merged with the deity.[27] There is also a matha of
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu here.[12]
In the 17th century, for the sailors sailing on the east coast
of India, the temple served as a landmark, being located
in a plaza in the centre of the city, which they called the
White Pagoda while the Konark Sun Temple, 60 kilometres (37 mi) away to the east of Puri, was known as the
Black Pagoda.[27]
The iconic representation of the images in the Jagannatha
temple is believed to be the forms derived from the worship made by the tribal groups of Sabaras belonging to
northern Odisha. These images are replaced at regular
intervals as the wood deteriorates. This replacement is a
special event carried out ritualistically by special group of
carpenters.[27]
4 Economy
The
era of governors.[32]
For the people of Puri, Lord Jagannatha, visualized as
Lord Krishna, is synonymous with their city. They believe that Lord Jagannatha looks after the welfare of the
state. However, after the partial collapse of the Jagannatha Temple (in the Amalaka part of the temple) on 14
June 1990, people became apprehensive and considered
it a bad omen for Odisha. The replacement of the fallen
stone by another of the same size and weight (7 tonnes
(7.7 tons)), that could be done only in the early morning
hours after the temple gates were opened, was done on
28 February 1991.[27]
The economy of Puri is dependent on tourism to the extent of about 80 percent. The temple is the focal point
of the city and provides employment to the people of
the town. Agricultural production of rice, ghee, vegetables and so forth of the region meet the large requirements of the temple. Many settlements around the town
exclusively cater to the other religious requirements of
the temple.[37] The temple administration employs 6,000
men to perform the rituals. The temple also provides
economic sustenance to 20,000 people.[34] According to
Colleen Taylor Sen an author on food and travel, writing
on the food culture of India, the temple kitchen has 400
cooks serving food to as many as 100,000 people,.[38] According to J Mohapatra, Director, Ind Barath Power Infra
Ltd (IBPIL), the kitchen is known as a largest and biggest
kitchen of the world.[39]
6.2
The civic administration of Puri is the responsibility of kitchen is called as the biggest hotel of the world.[44]
the Puri Municipality. The municipality came into existence in 1864 in the name of the Puri Improvement Trust,
which was converted into Puri Municipality in 1881. After Indias independence in 1947, the Orissa Municipal
Act (1950) was promulgated entrusting the administration of the city to the Puri Municipality. This body is
represented by elected representatives with a Chairperson and councilors representing the 30 wards within the
municipal limits.[41]
6
6.1
Landmarks
Jagannatha Temple at Puri
LANDMARKS
Markandeshwar Tank
The temple is built using light-grey sandstone, and, architecturally, it exemplies typical Kalinga temple architecture in the Deula style. The complex comprises four components: vimana (tower structure containing the sanctum), jagamohana (assembly hall), nata-mandapa (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of oerings). There is
also a kitchen connected by a small passage. The temple
is set within a garden, and is known as Gods Summer
Garden Retreat or garden house of Jagannatha. The entire complex, including the garden, is surrounded by a
wall which measures 430 by 320 feet (131 m 98 m)
with height of 20 feet (6.1 m).[53]
Except for the 9-day Rath Yatra, when the triad images
are worshipped in the Gundicha Temple, otherwise it re6.3 Gundicha Temple
mains unoccupied for the rest of the year. Tourists can
visit the temple after paying an entry fee. Foreigners
Main article: Gundicha Temple
(generally prohibited entry in the main temple) are alThe Gundicha Temple, known as the Garden House of lowed inside this temple during this period.[54] The temple is under the Jagannath Temple Administration, Puri,
the governing body of the main temple. A small band of
servitors maintain the temple.[53]
6.4 Swargadwar
6.5 Beach
The beach at Puri, known as the Ballighai beach, at the
mouth of Nunai River, is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from
the town and is fringed by casurina trees.[12] It has golden
yellow sand. Sunrise and sunset are pleasant scenic at-
7.1
6.6
District museum
6.7
Raghunandana library
The Rath Yatra in Puri in modern times showing the three chariots
of the deities with the Temple in the background
7 FESTIVALS OF PURI
7.8
Niladri Bije
local belief that the gods suer from fever after taking
an elaborate ritual bath, and they are treated by the
special servants, the Daitapatis, for 15 days. Daitapatis
perform special nitis (rites) known as Netrotchhaba (a
rite of painting the eyes of the triad). During this period
cooked food is not oered to the deities.[70]
7.6
Naba Kalebara
7.7
Suna Besha
10
localities, or Sahis, are entrusted the task of performing which became operational in 1898.[82] Puri is now wellthe drama at the street corners.[80]
connected by rail, road and air services. A broad gauge
railway line of the South Eastern Railways which connects Puri with Calcutta, and Khurda is an important rail7.10 Samudra Arati
way junction on this route. The rail distance is about 499
kilometres (310 mi) from Calcutta and 468 kilometres
(291 mi) from Vishakhapatnam. Road network includes
NH 203 that links the city with Bhubaneswar, the state
capital, situated about 60 kilometres (37 mi) away. NH
203 B connects the city with Satapada via Brahmagiri.
Marine drive, which is part of NH 203 A, connects Puri
with Konark. The nearest airport is the Biju Patnaik International Airport at Bhubaneswar.[58] Puri railway station is among the top hundred booking stations of the
Indian Railways.[83]
Transport
11
widely used in Puri, both for decoration of the deities and
for sale. Maharanas family members are employed as
darjis or tailors or sebaks by the Maharaja of Puri. They
prepare articles for decorating the deities in the temple for
various festivals and religious ceremonies. The appliqu
works are brightly coloured and patterned fabric in the
form of canopies, umbrellas, drapery, carry bags, ags,
coverings of dummy horses and cows, and other household textiles; these are marketed in Puri. The cloth used
is made in dark colours of red, black, yellow, green, blue
and turquoise blue.[85]
who performed dances in the Nata mandapa of the temple to please the deities. Though the devadasi practice has
been discontinued, the dance form has become modern
and classical and is widely popular; many of the Odissi
virtuoso artists and gurus (teachers) are from Puri.[87]
Some of the famous Odissi dancers are Kelucharan Mohapatra, Mayadhar Raut, Sonal Mansingh, Sanjukta Panigrahi and many more.
10
Culture
11 Education
12 Puri people
Odissi dancer
Cultural activities, including the annual religious festivals, in Puri are: The Puri Beach Festival held from 5 to
9 November every year, and the Shreekshetra Utsav held
from 20 December to 2 January every year. The cultural
programmes include unique sand art, display of local and
traditional handicrafts and food festival.[86] In addition,
cultural programmes are held for two hours on every second Saturday of the month at the district Collectors Conference Hall near Sea Beach Police Station. Odissi dance,
Odia music and folk dances are part of this event.[86]
Odissi dance is the cultural heritage of Puri. This dance
form originated in Puri from the dances performed by
Devadasis (Maharis) attached to the Jagannatha Temple
12
13
13
References
REFERENCES
[35] Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census
Commission of India. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
[8] Glasho, Klaus. Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit. Spokensanskrit.de. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
[44] About Jagannath Temple. Ocial Website of Shree jagannath temple Administration. Retrieved 27 September
2015.
[53] Mahapatra, Bhagaban. Signicance of Gundicha Temple in Car festival (pdf). E-Magazine, Government of
Orissa. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
[54] Panda, Namita (22 June 2012). Ready for the Trinity.
The Telegraph. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
[55] Mahanti 2014, pp. xlxli.
13
Retrieved 28
14 Bibliography
Ananda, Sri G. (2015). Empires of the Vedas Volume IV: The Kingdom of God. Art of Unity. ISBN
978-1-5078-9942-7.
Bansal, Sunita Pant (1 April 2012). HIndu Pilgrimage: A journey through the holy places of hindus all
over India. V&S Publishers. ISBN 978-93-5057251-1.
[74] The Eastern Anthropologist. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. 1978.
[75] Mahanti 2014, p. 103.
[76] Suna Bhesha(Ashadha/ June July)". National Informatics center. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
[77] Arts of Asia. Arts of Asia. 2001. p. 84.
[78] Festivals of Lord Sri Jagannath. nilachakra.org. 2010.
Retrieved 4 October 2015. NILADRI BIJE Celebrated
on 13th day of bright fortnight of Asadha.
[79] Mahapatra, Prasanta (24 April 2013). Worlds Biggest
Open-Air Theatre Sahi Yatra Begins at Puri. The Pioneer. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
[80] Mahanti 2014, p. xl.
Bindloss, Joe; Brown, Lindsay; Elliott, Mark; Harding, Paul (2007). Northeast India. Lonely Planet.
pp. ref=harv. ISBN 978-1-74179-095-5.
Davis, Roy Eugene (1 January 1997). Life Surrendered in God: The Philosophy and Practices of Kriya
Yoga. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-2081495-0.
Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006).
Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing.
ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
Kapoor, Subodh (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia.
Cosmo Publications. ISBN 978-81-7755-257-7.
[83] Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry. Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian
Railways. IRFCA. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
Managers, City (2006). Puri City DevelopmentPlan 2006 (pdf). Puri Municipality:Government
of Odisha. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
[81] Sahu, Monideepa (6 March 2016). The great re. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
14
15
15
External links
EXTERNAL LINKS
15
16
16.1
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Scriberius, Tabletop, Rjwilmsi, Astronaut, Hack-Man, Bhadani, FlaBot, Bgwhite, The Rambling Man, Pinecar, YurikBot, RussBot,
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16.2
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