A.

Functions Used

System of Equations 6
The

following functions are useful in handling some of the linear algebra tasks of Chapter 4.

The function Size determines the dimension of a matrix

Size[a_]

:=

{Length[First[a]], Length[A]}

The function MatrixMinors determines the minors of a square matrix A

MatrixMinors[a]

:=Map[Reverse, Minors[a], {0, 1}]

Cofactors determines the cofactors of a matrix A. This function is based on the function MatrixMinors.

Cofactors[a ] Block[{minors}, minors MatrixMinors[a];

Table [ (-l)1^ minorsp, jj, {i, 1, Length[a]}, {j, 1,
Length[a]}]]
:=

The function adj determines the adjoint matrix of a square matrix A

adj[a ]

Transpose[Cofactors[a]]

This function determines the nullity of a square matrix A

Nullity[a ]
The

Length[NullSpace[A]]

following function determines the row-reduced echelon form of a matrix

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Mathematics for Engineers

GaussEchelon[A0_]

Block[ {A

:=

AO, i, p}

Print[ MatrixFormfA] ];
n - Length [API ] ;
m
Length [A] ;
=

For^p=l,
If[Aip,p]]
AM

p
==

s n,

p ++ ,

0, Return[A]];

aIp.p]
For[i l, ism, i++.
If[i *P,
AIil
A[l] AIi.pJ A[pl ]
=

Print[MatrixForm[A]];

''

|; a|

B. Notations
This section collects some notations used in the book to make the Mathematica
with the mathematical notation.
The

expressions compatible

following notation introduces a general sequence

{aC.
To have the
<<

(B.l)
same

notation in Mathematica available the

Here the notation is defined as

Notation[{f_}*-^
The

following steps are needed

"Notation^"
an

equivalent with a table

=>

Table[f_, {n_,

m_,

a_}]|

corresponding alias is set her as Seq

AddInputAlias[{a}=n, "Seq"]

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Appendix

IV
-

C.

Options

options used in the notebooks to change the formating and style of plots.
This line switches off the messages generated by Mathematica
This section defines

Off

The

[General::"spelll" ]

Off[General::"spell"] ; Off[Solve::"ifun" ]

following line changes the global text style settings

$TextStyle

The next line sets

{FontFamily-> "Arial", FontSize- 12};

options for the Plot function

SetOptions [Plot, GridLines - Automatic,

Frame->True, PlotStyle -> RGBColor[0.501961, 0, 0.25098]];
Here

are

options for ListPlot set

SetOptions [ListPlot, GridLines - Automatic,

Frame- True, PlotStyle-> RGBColor[0.501961, 0, 0.25098]];
The

options for ParametricPlot are changed

SetOptions [ParametricPlot, GridLines - Automatic,
Frame- True, PlotStyle-> RGBColor [0.501961, 0, 0.25098]];

The

options for FilledPlot are changed

SetOptions [FilledPlot,

GridLines

Automatic,

Frame->True, PlotStyle-> RGBColor[0.501961, 0, 0.25098]];

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References
[I] Abell, M. L. & Braselton, J. P. Mathematica by example. 4th ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2009).
[2] Atkinson, K. E. An introduction to numerical analysis. 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1989).
[3] Baumann, G. Classical mechanics and nonlinear dynamics. 2 nd ed. (Springer, New York, NY,
2005).
[4] Baumann, G. Electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, general relativity, and fractals. 2 nd ed.
(Springer, New York, NY, 2005).
[5] Bradie, B. An introduction to numerical methods (Prentice Hall, 2001).
[6] Burden, R. L. & Faires, J. D. Numerical analysis. 8th ed. (Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont CA,
2005).
[7] Conte, S. D. & Boor, C. de. Elementary numerical analysis. An algorithmic approach. 3rd ed.
(McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980).
[8] Epperson, J. F. An introduction to numerical methods and analysis (Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken
N.J., 2007).
[9] Falknor, V.M., and .Skan, S.W.: Some approximate solutions of the boundary layer equa.
tions. Phil. Mag. 12, 805-896 (1931); ARC RM, 1314 (1930),
[10] Fogiel, M. The Numerical analysis problem solver (REA, New York N.Y., 1983).
[II] Gautschi, W. Numerical analysis. An introduction (Birkhuser, Boston, 1997).
[12] Gerald, C. F. & Wheatley, P. O. Applied numerical analysis. 7th ed. (Pearson/Addison-Wesley,
Boston, 2004).
[13] Hairer, E., Nrsett, S.P., and Wanner, G., Solving Ordinary Differential Equations, 2nd ed.,
Springer Verlag, New York, 1993-1996.
[14] Hamming, R. W. Introduction to applied numerical analysis (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971).
[15] Hildebrand, F. B. Introduction to numerical analysis. 2nd ed. (Dover Publications, New York,

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339

IV References
-

1987, 1974).
[16] Householder, A. S. The theory of matrices in numerical analysis (Dover Publications, Mineola
N.Y., 2006).
[17] Iserles, A., A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
[18] Kincaid, D. & Cheney, E. W. Numerical analysis. Mathematics of scientific computing. 3rd ed.
(Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove CA, 2002).
[19] Kincaid, D. & Cheney, E. W. Numerical analysis. Mathematics of scientific computing. 3rd ed.
(American Mathematical Society, Providence R.I., 2009?).
[20] Leader, J. J. Numerical analysis and scientific computation (Pearson Addison Wesley, Boston
2004).
[21] Moin, P. Fundamentals of engineering numerical analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
UK, New York, 2001).
[22] Pettofrezzo, A. J. Introductory numerical analysis (Dover Publications, Mineola N.Y., 2006).
[23] Phillips, G. M. Theory and applications of numerical analysis. 2nd ed. (Academic Press, London
u.a., 1996).
[24] Ralston, A. & Rabinowitz, P. A first course in numerical analysis. 2nd ed. (Dover Publications
Mineola NY, 2001).
[25] Ruskeep, H. Mathematica navigator. Mathematics, statistics, and graphics. 3rd ed
(Elsevier/Academic Press, Amsterdam, Boston, 2009).
[26] Sauer, T. Numerical analysis (Pearson Addison Wesley, Boston, 2006).
[27] Schatzman, M. Numerical analysis. A mathematical introduction (Clarendon Press; Oxford Univer
sity Press, Oxford New York, 2002).
[28] Scheid, F. J. Schaum's outline of theory and problems of numerical analysis. 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill
New York, 1989).
[29] Schlichting, Hermann, Boundary-layer theory, McGraw Hill, New York, 1979
[30] Stoer, J. & Bulirsch, R. Introduction to numerical analysis. 3rd ed. (Springer, New York, 2002).
[31] Strang, G, and Fix, G.J., An Analysis of the Finite Element Method, Prentice Hall, Inc., Engle
wood Cliffs, N.J., 1973.
[32] Sli, E. & Mayers, D. F. An introduction to numerical analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cam
bridge New York, 2003).
[33] Temam, R. Numerical analysis (Reidel, Dordrecht, Boston, 1973).
,

[34] Trott,

M. The Mathematica

guidebook, concepts, examples

and

applications (Springer,

Berlin

u.a

1999).
[35] Trott, M. The Mathematica guidebook. Mathematics in Mathematica (Telos, New York, 2000).
[36] Wellin, P. R., Gaylord, R. J. & Kamin, S. N. An introduction to programming with Mathematica
3rd ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2005).

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340

Mathematics for Engineers

[37] Wood, A. S. Introduction to numerical analysis (Addison-Wesley, Harlow England, Readin

Mass., 1999).
[38] Zienkiewicz, O.C., and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method, 4 th ed., McGraw Hill, New
-

York, 1989.

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Index

Abel, 11,59, 123,207,215,266

absolute value, 101, 152
air flow, 167

algebraic, 5, 113, 160, 200, 242, 291, 321

alternating, 288
analysis of, 236, 322, 339
analytic geometry, 41
angle, 24,42, 134, 203,291
angle between, 291

antiderivative, 110, 169

applications of, 2, 249, 339
approximate, 3, 9, 121, 167, 192,236, 286
approximation, 2, 93, 142, 193, 238, 325
approximation of, 112, 130, 197,238, 330
approximations to, 94, 136, 263
area, 2, 36, 170,211, 272, 274
area of, 170,212, 272, 286
area under, 272
argument of, 128, 307
as a function, 9, 114,208, 301
autonomous, 288

average, 65, 210

axes, 28, 206, 324

axis, 124f., 133, 178, 290, 297

B

base, 2, 21, 104, 125, 170,228, 309, 336

basis, 1,6, 114, 167, 205,317
Bessel, 90
Bessel function, 109

boundary, 3, 15, 129, 215, 320

boundary value problem, 3, 215, 289
bounded, 76, 153, 324
branches, 6, 41
by the Trapezoidal Rule, 193
C

calculating, 75, 314

calculator, 5,48, 218

catenary, 123
center of gravity, 21
center of mass, 33

change of, 32, 205, 335

characteristic equation, 257
circle, 43,48,211
closed, 79, 126, 200, 292
closed interval, 125
coefficient of, 167

coefficients of, 90, 114, 227, 311

component, 2, 7, 150,244, 288
components of, 2, 14, 290

composite, 195
computer algebra system, 3f.
conditional, 106, 288

conductivity,

167

cone, 285

constant, 8, 21, 69, 100, 159, 205, 216, 245, 292,

325

function, 329
constraint, 207, 301
continuity of, 125, 145, 324
constant

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Mathematics for Engineers

342 I

convergent, 107, 154, 159

convergent series, 113
coordinate, 18, 31,42, 124, 142, 328
cosine and sine, 115
cosine function, 20
cost, 14, 228, 304
cost function, 304
cross section, 286
cubic, 103, 159
current, 3, 14,69, 167,255
curvature, 319
curve,

41,97, 123,207,272

damping, 21
damping constant, 21
decay, 58, 166, 287f.
decreasing, 287

definite, 110, 136, 169, 234, 295

definite integral, 110, 169
dependent, 8, 117, 200, 247, 294
dependent variable, 18, 304
derivative, 2, 8, 18, 70, 92, 133, 145, 186, 269,
305
derivative as, 300
derivative of, 2, 8, 18, 70, 100, 108, 152f, 162,

dot, 54,210
double, 52, 167, 174, 227,258
E

electric, 167,255
electric force, 255
elementary, 2, 18, 69, 169, 246,287
elementary function, 69, 169
equation, 1, 8, 15, 21, 36, 57, 134, 144, 157, 198,
203, 217, 236,262, 297, 325, 336
equation of, 18-19, 25, 79, 124, 136, 141, 216,
245, 257f, 262, 293, 309
equivalent, 8, 62, 134, 229, 271, 337
error, 4, 121, 159, 209, 254, 267
error bounds, 1, 76, 145
error estimate, 188, 280
error in, 99, 146, 173,239,316
error in using, 99, 169
escape velocity, 196
Euler, 3, 117, 274
Euler Method, 274
evaluating, 74, 147, 169, 277
even, 3, 6, 78, 167, 179, 248, 288
exponential, 96, 166, 207, 256, 288

exponential decay, 166

exponential function, 97, 211, 256

169, 256, 262,291,305

derivatives, 2, 76, 145, 169,262
derivatives of, 105, 175, 277, 315

exponents, 47

Descartes, 41

design of, 16, 206

determinant, 72, 247
difference of, 57, 165, 209, 333
differentiability of, 109
differentiable function, 147, 296
differential, 1, 3, 5, 15, 36, 150, 215, 298, 321
differential equation, 3, 9, 15, 36, 69, 215, 255,
301

differentiation, 108,269
differentiation of, 109
dimensional, 21, 243, 316
dimensional vector, 322
direction of, 254
discontinuity, 121
disks, 247

displacement, 24, 322

distance, 24, 42, 167, 206, 302

distance between, 42, 302
division of, 16, 197, 222
domain of, 107, 116, 262

Extreme Value

Theorem, 160

family, 28, 52, 168, 214f., 335, 337

family of, 256
finite, 3, 114, 136,210,216, 325
first order, 9, 93, 151,293
fixed point of, 156
focus, 98,316
force, 8, 18, 66, 196, 198, 205, 244, 251, 255,277,
321
formula for, 48, 151, 134, 170, 204,262, 251
formulas, 4, 10, 41, 136, 195, 228, 324
Fourier, 104
Fourier series, 114
fractions, 44
from the left, 112,319
from the right, 47
function, 2-A, 16, 19, 25, 46, 60, 66, 76, 99, 133,

138, 142, 156-157, 169, 197, 199, 210, 222, 258,

304,316, 325f, 336
functions of two variables, 278
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 169

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IV Index
-

Gauss, 35, 122, 169, 254, 323, 337

general solution of, 216, 256
geometric, 21, 38, 156,206, 242
graph, 4, 10,22, 38, 91, 145, 151, 156,206, 216,
242, 269, 324
graph of, 92f., 97, 120, 126, 144, 153, 155f., 167,
216, 273,297, 325

graphing, 287
gravitational acceleration, 8
grid, 28, 122, 126,206, 217, 331, 337
growth, 63
H
harmonic series, 107
heat flow, 107

higher, 4, 24, 62, 159,210, 302

higher derivatives, 76, 269
homogeneous, 257, 294
homogeneous differential equation, 257
horizontal, 125, 219, 244, 290
I

implicit, 115,200,248,271,316
improper integral, 196
in a circuit, 276

increasing, 5, 62, 102, 176, 202, 303, 317

indefinite, 136
independent, 16, 117, 200,248, 311
independent variable, 18, 264

inequalities, 63

inertia moment, 21

infinite, 84, 110, 146,205,217, 321

infinite interval, 84
infinite series, 36
infinity, 109, 195,302
initial condition, 24, 94, 295
initial value problem, 3, 295
inner product, 322
instantaneous, 288
integer, 113, 149, 186,216
integer number, 37
integrable, 77, 147
integrable function, 77
integral, 78f., 187, 196, 210,238, 327
integrand, 112, 186
integration, 3, 5, 110,116, 188, 195,283, 302

integration by, 262

integration of, 110, 183,200, 303, 327
intercept, 124

intermediate, 125, 223

Intermediate Value Theorem, 156

interpolation, 3, 72, 170,265

interval, 32, 72, 157, 171,276

interval of, 10, 106,271

interval of convergence, 106, 112

inverse, 150,236,254
irrational number, 38
J

Jacobi, 148,236
Jacobian, 148

jump discontinuity,

121

Kepler Laws, 5
L

Lagrange, 75, 200, 325

lamina, 302
Laplace, 320

laws of, 7
least squares method, 79
left hand, 8,43, 127, 303,331

length, 35, 122, 167,205,254, 321, 336

length of, 38, 68, 132, 207,225,245, 262, 286

level, 4, 29,42, 166, 286

limit, 14,51, 112, 155, 169, 246, 291
limit of, 14, 112, 169
line, 3, 9, 28, 64, 81, 124, 137, 197, 204,227,238,
274,282, 336
line segment, 324
linear, 1, 3, 5, 9f., 36, 64, 72, 94, 98, 147, 159,
167,170, 197,215f., 236,238, 256f., 288, 321,
325, 336
linear approximation, 92
linear combination, 248, 322
linear differential equation, 256
linear equation, 3, 69, 147, 215,257
linear function, 9, 147, 171
linearization, 148
linearly independent solutions, 258
liquid, 286
logarithm, 36, 166
logarithmic, 59, 166
M

Maclaurin, 101, 110

Maclaurin series, 105
magnitude of, 67, 76, 154, 315

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344

mass, 18, 196,244,277

mathematical, 4, 15, 61, 127, 302, 337

mathematical model, 6, 36

mean, 4f., 21,45, 124,227, 256

Mean Value Theorem, 158
method of, 32, 72f, 167, 200, 203, 237, 280
method of undetermined coefficients, 72, 200
midpoint formula, 198
Midpoint Rule, 273

model, 15, 34,36,51,255,288

modeling, 14, 255

modulus, 319
of inertia, 319
motion of, 21
multiplication, 113, 135,225
moment

natural, 20, 37

negative, 42, 115, 129, 288, 309

Newton, 3, 18, 103, 159, 182, 274

Newton method, 167

normal, 49, 81, 99, 111, 246, 256, 312

notation, 8,49, 168, 214, 254, 335, 337
notation for, 99
numerical, 1, 15, 51, 143, 197, 232, 325
numerical integration, 188, 287
O

odd, 119
one to one, 7
open, 106, 293
open interval, 106
order of, 63, 159, 204, 251, 261
oriented, 3, 32
origin, 21, 107, 132, 169, 234, 301
orthogonal, 79, 196, 248, 317

parabola, 293
parallel, 81, 142,217,276
parameter, 22, 63, 124, 203, 292
parametric, 122, 168,206, 215, 335, 337
partial, 2, 22, 63, 188, 206, 263, 321
partial derivative, 2, 263
partial differential equation, 5, 321
partial sum of, 121
partial sums, 63
particle, 8
parts, 14, 101,225, 309
path, 29, 79, 288

Mathematics for Engineers

period, 14, 114, 167, 244

periodic, 19, 114, 244
periodic function, 115
plane, 5, 107, 124, 148, 247
planetary motion, 107
polynomial, 3, 68, 93, 121, 144, 167, 170, 183,
247, 257, 292
position, 24, 133, 226, 251, 290, 335
positive, 42, 144, 186, 216, 322
potential, 320
power, 3, 37, 121, 191, 248, 251, 321
power series, 104, 114
power series for, 108, 111
powers of, 43,249, 278
principle of, 147
product, 4, 113, 129, 249, 322
projectile, 277
properties of, 15, 19, 25, 30, 69, 100,235
Q
quadrant, 103
quadratic, 57, 159, 170, 197, 322f.
quadratic approximation, 92
quadratic function, 321
quotient, 141,291
R
radius of, 106, 196, 286
radius of convergence, 106, 121
range of, 68, 167, 185,287
rational, 37, 246
rational number, 37f.
real line, 42, 317
real number, 42, 127
real roots of, 168
rearrangement of, 89
reciprocal, 167

rectangular, 321

relative, 51, 63, 202, 238, 269

relative error, 51

representation of a function, 114

representations of, 46, 142, 283
resultant, 206

revolution, 5
Riemann, 169

Riemann sum, 187

right hand, 8,46,72, 134, 171,231,311

Rolle, 53
root, 3,48, 143, 201, 247, 294
roots of, 3, 82, 143, 201, 247, 296

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IV Index
-

rales for, 66
S

sample point, 78
secant, 147

line, 136
second degree, 72
second derivative, 18, 331
second order, 74, 199,266
second order differential equation, 310
secant

term
term

by term,

108

of, 1,69, 121, 187

third order, 298
transcendental, 296
transformation, 196, 246f., 302, 306
Trapezoidal Rule, 169, 185
trigonometric, 36, 104,258, 317, 323
trigonometric functions, 104, 258, 317
trigonometric series, 115
two variables, 278

separable, 9,293
sequence, 3, 39,

60, 79, 120, 127, 142, 152-153,

159, 174, 210, 216, 236, 247, 266, 317, 337
sequences, 3,43, 127,222
series, 85,218, 262,277
set, 2,20, 39, 145, 192, 250, 334, 337
several variables, 3
shifted, 317
sigma notation, 110
simple, 2, 5, 37, 124, 210, 215, 255
Simpson, 112, 192
Simpson Rule, 183
sine function, 20, 115
slope, 12, 142,291
slope of, 12,291
smooth, 33, 70, 324
solid, 291
solution of, 3, 12, 77, 161,202, 215, 293
solutions, 1, 11, 73, 150,200, 215, 259
source, 215, 288
space, 22, 35, 103, 123, 200,211, 244, 321, 324,
336

sphere, 320

step, 3, 35, 75, 156,211, 251, 330, 337

step function, 118
Stokes, 302
sum of, 121,290
surface, 167, 196,211
symmetric, 115, 248, 323
symmetry, 90, 234

undetermined coefficients, 72, 200

unit, 38, 167,210,291

use of, 4, 14, 114, 141, 185, 227, 269
V

value of, 8, 105, 156, 211,254,281

value of a function, 210
variable, 3, 6, 64, 124, 177, 245, 289

variables, 3, 18, 64, 150, 183, 216, 224, 278

vector, 3, 147, 150, 218, 238f., 244, 248, 295,
323f.

velocity, 8, 24f., 196, 277, 306

vertex, 286

vertical, 21, 196, 244,277, 290

vibrations, 244
volume, 246,286
W

Weierstrass, 71

weight, 79, 183,291

with base, 46
Z
zero,

9, 39, 167, 196, 240, 323

table of, 54, 103, 106, 184

tangent, 93, 141, 29If.

tangent line, 93, 141

Taylor, 3, 98, 121, 141,275, 322
Taylor approximation, 99, 270
Taylor polynomial, 98, 141
Taylor series, 98, 275
temperatures, 167

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