Gravitational waves detected

:Intro
On Thursday 11 Feb, the physics community was just
getting nervous and excitement level was in its full
potential, it was all about General relativity last
.predictions, it was all about Gravitiational waves
And when it finally a discovery of these waves we were allproud to be humans and live to see these great moments
.of the history of science
Ladies and gentlemen, we have discovered gravitational "
waves, we did it" by these words David Reitzi start his talk
in the press , he announced that we have finally discover
the gravitational waves which Albert Einstein predicted in
. his general theory of relativity before 100 year
But what is the importance of this discovery and what
about black holes, it might be an interesting note also to
know that this discovery also has a relation with these
.fancy objects called black holes

:Gravitational waves History

In a message to his son, Einstein said, "things that I have
got from hard work will not be useful for strangers, but
also for my sons, in last few days I finished one of the
"greatest papers in my life
he was talking about general relativity and he was right,
yes this work changed all the world people used to think
about. Moreover, it was the greatest thing Einstein
.introduce the world
before starting to explain what is the gravity waves , let's
talk first about what is these waves as it is not like light or
electromagnetic waves and it is not even a particles
( some theories claims that these waves are gravitons ) ,
simply we say that gravity waves is a ripples in space-

time. Which means that the space and time ripples and
this happens because of something like supernova or
black holes collisions or even neutron stars collisions.
Some gravitational waves also might be a result from the
big bang itself but anyway we discover it by black holes
.collisions
Since Einstein interprets gravity as a curvature in spacetime and we look to gravity as a curvature in four
dimensions and it can be represented visually as we put a
.large ball on a piece of fabric taut

And we found a problem in this shape of the space that

general relativity form, it is quiet image of the universe
but if we include gravity waves the space will be rippling
as if you stand away from the sea when it is quiet calm
you will see it clear but as you approach it you will see the
.small ripples
Moreover, this ripples caused by the rotations of objects
around each other's or around itself in some cases. Earth
and sum produce these ripples during their rotations but
these ripples are infinitesimally small and out current
technology cannot detect ripples with this size. So
scientists uses neutron stars rotations or black holes to try
detecting the ripples because in this case the waves
produced will be much stronger and travels far away from
.the source

Here we have to stop here at an impotent idea, which is

the shape of these waves. You will find that the image
produced is like the sea waves and these waves called
transverse waves. This wave move forward and backward
by vibrating up and down, what happens that gravity
waves is a transverse waves but not like sea waves. As it
compressing the space-time in one direction and expand
it from another direction then the direction reverses and
vice versa .Take a small ball in your hand then press it and
you will find that it compressed from a one direction and it
expand from the another direction . Now when the
gravitational waves cross the earth it compressed it far
less than the radius of the proton and this was why
scientists had to build a very precise machine like Ligo
.detector and let us see how they did it

:Ligo detector
Ligo was built on the shape of letter 'L' in English
alphabet and every line from the two line that forms this
shape is about 4 km long ( and because this long length
they are 100 hundred height to reduce the earth curvature
effects) and inside the angle of 'L' there is a laser
machine producing high energetic laser beam. First, the
beam passes in Half-reflective 45 degree (from beam
direction) mirrors and these mirrors will pass half of the
light and reflect another half, so the light divided into two
.parts, one for each line direction