Nhit ho hc

V d 1: T thc nghim thu c tr s trung bnh H (theo Kcal.mol-1) phn ly tng

lin kt 250C nh sau:
Lin kt
HH
OO
OH
CH
CO
CC
104
33
111
99
84
83
H
Hy so snh bn lin kt ca cc cht trong s ng phn ha:
CH3CH2OH (hi) CH3-O-CH3 (hi)
V d 2: Tnh nng lng mng li ion ca CaCl2 ,bit rng:
- H0298,s ca tinh th CaCl2 = - 795 kJ/mol
0
- Nhit nguyn t ha H a ca Ca(r) Ca(k) = 192 kJ/mol
- Nng lng ion ha: Ca(k) 2e Ca2+ (k)
I 1 + I2 = 1745 kJ/mol
- Nng lng lin kt (Elk) ClCl trong Cl2 = 243 kJ/mol
- i lc electron (E) ca Cl(k) = -364 kJ/mol
V d 3. Vit biu thc hng s cn bng cho cc phn ng ha hc xy ra theo cc
phng trnh sau:
a)
4NH3 + 3 O2
2N2 + 6 H2O
b)
4NH3 + 5 O2 4NO + 6H2O
3
O2
N2 + 3 H2O
2
5
d)
2NH3 +
O2 2NO + 3H2O
2
e)
CaCO3 t
CaO + CO2
f)
Fe2O3 + 3CO t
2Fe + 3CO2
t
g)
Fe2O3 + 3H2
2Fe + 3H2O (l)

2+
+
h)
5Fe + MnO 4 + 8H 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
V d 4. Tnh nng lng lin kt trung bnh CH v CC t cc kt qu thc nghim:
- Nhit t chy (kJ/mol) CH4 = - 801,7 ; C2H6 = - 1412,7 ; Hidro = - 241,5 ;
than ch = -393,4
- Nhit ha hi than ch = 715 kJ/mol.
- Nng lng lin kt HH = 431,5 kJ/mol. Cc kt qu u o c 298K v 1atm.
V d 5. T thc nghim thu c tr s H(Kcal.mol-1) phn ly tng lin kt 250C :
Lin kt
HH
OO
OH
CH
CO
CC
104
33
111
99
84
83
H
Hy gii thch cch tnh v cho bit kt qu tnh H (cng iu kin nh trn) ca
s ng phn ha:
CH3CH2OH (hi) CH3-O-CH3 (hi)
Nu s lin h gia du ca H vi bn lin kt trong phn ng trn.
V d 6. Tnh hiu ng nhit ca 2 phn ng sau:
3
2NH3 +
O2
N2 + 3 H2O (1)
2
5
2NH3 +
O2 2NO + 3H2O (2)
2
So snh kh nng ca 2 phn ng, gii thch v sao phn ng (2) cn c xc tc.
Cho nng lng lin kt ca:
O=O
NH
NN
HO
NO
kJ/mol
389
493
942
460
627
c)

2NH3 +

V d 7. Trong cng ngh ho du , cc ankan c loi hiro chuyn thnh

hirocacbon khng no c nhiu ng dng hn. Hy tnh nhit ca mi phn ng sau:
C4H10
C4H6 + H2
;
Ho1
(1)
o
CH4
C6H6 + H2
;
H 2
(2)
Bit nng lng lin kt , E theo kJ.mol-1 , ca cc lin kt nh sau :
Lin kt
H-H
C-H
C-C
C=C
E , theo kJ.mol-1
435,9
416,3
409,1
587,3
(Vi cc lin kt C-H , C-C , cc tr s trn l trung bnh trong cc hp cht
hirocacbon khc nhau ).
V d 8. Xc nh nng lng lin kt trung bnh mt lin kt C H trong metan. Bit:
nhit hnh thnh chun ca metan = 74,8 kJ/mol;
nhit thng hoa ca than ch = 716,7 kJ/mol;
nng lng phn ly phn t H2 = 436 kJ/mol
V d 9. Hy xc nh nng lng nguyn t ha ca NaF (ENaF), bit:
- Nng lng phn ly NaF (Ei) = 6,686 eV ; Th ion ha ca Na (INa) = 5,139 eV
- i lc electron ca F (EF) = -3,447 eV
V d 10. Cho xiclopropan propen c H1 = - 32,9 kJ/mol
Nhit t chy than ch = -394,1 kJ/mol (H2)
Nhit t chy hidrro = -286,3 kJ/mol
(H3)
Nhit t chy xiclopropan = - 2094,4 kJ/mol. (H4)
Hy tnh: Nhit t chy propen, Nhit to thnh xiclopropan v nhit to thnh
propen?
V d 11. Tnh nhit phn ng 250C ca phn ng sau:
CO(NH2)2(r) + H2O(l) CO2(k) + 2NH3(k)
Bit trong cng iu kin c cc i lng nhit sau y:
CO (k) + H2O (h) CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
H1 = - 41,13 kJ/mol
CO (k) + Cl2 (k)
COCl2 (k)
H2 = -112,5 kJ/mol
COCl2(k) + 2NH3 (k)
CO(NH2)2(r) + H3 = -201,0 kJ/mol
2HCl(k)
Nhit to thnh HCl (k)
H4 = -92,3 kJ/mol
Nhit ha hi ca H2O(l)
H5 = 44,01 kJ/mol
V d 12. Xc nh nhit hnh thnh 1 mol AlCl3 khi bit:
Al2O3 + 3COCl2(k)
3CO2 + 2 AlCl3
H1 = -232,24 kJ
CO + Cl2
COCl2
H2 = -112,40 kJ
2Al + 1,5 O2
Al2O3
H3 = -1668,20 kJ
Nhit hnh thnh ca CO = -110,40 kJ/mol
Nhit hnh thnh ca CO2 = -393,13 kJ/mol.
V d 13. Hn hp ca 1,8 mol brom v mt lng d butan, khi un nng to nn hai dn
xut monobrom v hp th 19,0KJ nhit. Cng lng nh vy ca hn hp ban u, khi
un nng n nhit cao hn, hp th 19,4 KJ. Trong c hai trng hp, brom
phn ng hon ton. Ngi ta bit rng khi to thnh 1-brombutan t cc n cht,
thot ra km hn 4,0 kJ/mol so vi khi to thnh 2-brombutan. Tm nhit ca c hai
phn ng v hiu sut 1-brombutan trong phn ng th hai nu hiu sut trong phn
ng th nht l 38,9%. Nhit phn ng c coi l khng ph thuc vo nhit .
V d 14. Trong mt nhit lng k cha 1,792 lt (ktc) hn hp CH4, CO v O2. Bt tia
la in t hon ton CH 4 v CO, lng nhit to ra lc l 13,683 kJ. Nu
thm tip mt lng d H2 vo nhit lng k ri li t nh trn th thot ra thm 9,672
2

kJ. Cho bit nhit to thnh chun (kJ.mol ) ca CH4, CO, CO2 v H2O tng ng l
74,8 ; 119,5 ; 393,5 v 241,8. Tnh % th tch hn hp u.
V d 15. Cho phn ng CO(k) + H2O (k) CO2(k) + H2(k). vi cc gi tr:
0

H 300 = 41,16 kJ. mol

0

;
1

H 1200 = 32,93 kJ. mol ;

0

S 300 = 42,40 J.K .mol ; S 1200 = 29,6 J.K .mol .

Hi phn ng xy ra theo chiu no 300 K v 1200 K ?

V d 16. Dng tnh ton cho thy 25 C phn ng CaCO3 CaO + CO2 khng xy
1

ra c. Cho H ht (kJ.mol ) ca 3 cht ln lt l

1

0
298

1206,9; 635,1; 393,5

v S ca 3 cht (J.K .mol ) ln lt l 92,9; 38,1; 213,7.

V d 17. Cho cc s liu sau:
C2H5OH (h)
C2H4 (k)
H2O (h)
0
68,12
168,6
228,59
G 298,s (kJ/mol)
282,0
219,45
188,72
S 0298 (J/mol. K)
Vi phn ng : C2H4 (k) + H2O (h) C2H5OH (h)
a) Hi iu kin chun v 250C phn ng xy ra theo chiu no?
b) Phn ng ta nhit hay thu nhit?
V d 18. Cho cc s liu sau 270C:
NH2COONH4 (r)
CO2 (k)
NH3 (k)
0
645,2
393,5
46,20
H 300,s (kJ/mol)
0
458,0
394,4
16,64
G 300 (kJ/mol)
Vi phn ng : NH2COONH4 (r) CO2 (k) + 2 NH3 (k)
a) Hi iu kin chun v 270C phn ng xy ra theo chiu no?
b) Nu coi H0 v S0 khng i i vi T th bt u nhit no phn ng
iu kin chun xy ra theo chiu ngc vi chiu phn ng 270C ?
V d 19. Lu hunh hnh thoi ST v lu hunh n t SD l hai dng th hnh ca
nguyn t lu hunh. Hi:
0
a) Dng no bn hn 25 C?
b) Nhit no c hai dng nm cn bng vi nhau?

Cho : H 298,ht (kJ.mol )ca mi dng ln lt l: 0,00 v 0,30

1

S 298 (J.mol .K )ca mi dng ln lt l: 31,88 v 32,55

0

V d 20. a) 0 C v 100 C phn ng N2O4(k) 2NO2(k) xy ra theo chiu no?

0

b) 25 C phn ng s xy ra theo chiu no nu:

* P N2O4 = 0,5atm v P NO2 = 1atm
2

* P N2O4 = 10atm v P NO2 = 10 atm

1

Cho: H 298,ht (kJ.mol )ca mi dng ln lt l: 9,67 v 33,85

0

S 298 (J.mol .K )ca mi dng ln lt l: 304,30 v 240,41

V d 21. a/ Phn ng sau y xy ra theo chiu no?
NO + O3 = NO2 + O2.
Cho bit cc s liu sau 298 K:
NO2
O2
NO
O3
0
51,79
0
86,52
163,02
G S (kJ/mol)
0

H S (kJ/mol)
0

S S (J/K. mol)

33,821

90,28

142,12

240,35

204,82

210,25

237,4

b/ ln ca hng s cn bng l h qu ch yu ca H0 hay S0 ca phn ng xy

ra ? Gii thch.
4