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BY : Freddy Kurniawan/131-13-027
Mechanical Engineering 2013
Basic Principle
-The Car is powered by electric motor rather by gasoline engine.
-The motor gets it power from a controller.
-The controller is powered from an array of rechargeable batteries.
This is the schematics from the block diagram how the electric car works.
I would like to introduce the working system of electric car through the
component or their parts itself.
1. MOTOR
Electric cars can use AC as well as DC motors.
The ranging voltage for the motor itself around 96 till 192 volts
and most of the come from forklift industry.
Installation for the DC motor is much simpler than AC.
But the limitation of the DC motor is that they can be self
heating and can be destruction for itself.
So due to the limitation and other advantages by AC motors (
like torque and speed output for the same weight and size ),AC
motors are more preferable for electric cars.
2. CONTROLLERS
The main function for controller is to controlled voltage to the
motor , and depending upon potentiometer output.
It is circular in shape and it is hooked to the accelerator pedal.
The potentiometer, also called the variable resistor, provides the
signal that tells the controller how much power is it supposed to
deliver.
PWM controls the speed
DC Controller
3. BATTERIES
Lead acid batteries used , until recently.
-A weak link in the electric cars.
-Heavy, Bulky , limited capacity (only give 12-15 Kwh), slow
charging rate , short life and expensive.
NiMH batteries give double the range and last 10 years , but
expensive.
Li-ion and NiMH batteries likely to used because the price is
competitive
4. BRAKING
Regenerative breaking along with conventional friction braking
Motor as a generator
Recaptures cars kinetic energy and converts it to electricity to
recharge the batteries
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/
www.howstuffworks.com
Build you own electric vehicle,Seth Leitman and Bob Brant,
second edition , McGraw Hill , 2009.
Oregon Electric Vehicle Association.