Usability

ease of use
ease of learning
effective operation
how well it fits the user s task and goals
Aesthetics User Engagement (UE)
users emotional responses
user interface
art, beauty
perception
Design= Contemporary term meaning all conceptions and methods for the aesthetic p
lanning/engineering of objects ofpractical use:machinery,tools,furniture,clothin
g,packaging,etc.
!Its main significance remains that of aesthetic planning.
When design refers to mass production => industrial design
design goals related to pleasure and aesthetic appeal
are considered to be as important as
efficiency and effectiveness
User experience (UX)
includes usability and perceptions of utility, but it goes further to consider e
motional responses
- as a marketing concept includes all the experience: sales, set up, use, suppor
t during use, maintenance, etc.
- part of user experience that has to do with design -user engagement (UE)
Work goals - oriented applications, functionality, utility and usability are goi
ng to be more important
If the brand is valuable, this exerts a positive influence on other criteria suc
h as usability and aesthetics
Cognitive models of user judgement: gut reaction or fast-path processing, involvin
g little reflective
thinking; or the slow path, we make judgments more slowly with elaborate thinkin
g in serious contexts
There are several criteria which may be loaded to shape users judgments of attrac
tiveness
The weighting of the criteria will depend on the domain, theuser s preferences and
previousexperience with similar applications.
Innovation
(Latin inovatis = renewal, novelty, change)
> several definitions
> 3aspects:
> Innovation-the result of the creative process as new products and techniques,a
dvanced technologies and methods etc.
> Innovation-the process of implementing new features,aspects and principles by
replacing existing ones
> Innovation-solving of technical problems or improvement in the organization of
work in order to increase labor productivity,technical improvement etc.(DEX,200
9)
Innovation = Idea (invention) + selling
Innovation : > product innovation

> process innovation

> marketing innovation
> organizational innovation
Product innovation =Introduction of a good or service that is new or significant
ly improved in terms of their characteristics or intended uses.
> This includes significant improvements in technical specifications,components
and materials,incorporated software,the user friendly interface or other functio
nal characteristics.
> Product innovations can use new knowledge or technologies,or maybe based on ne
w uses or combinations of existing knowledge and technologies.
> Theterm product =both goods and services.
Process innovation=Implementation of a new or significantly improved methods of
production(forexample,new manufacturing processes and technology flows)or a new
method of delivery.
> This includes significant changes in techniques,technological equipment and/o
r software.
> The result of process innovation should be significant in terms of:the level
of production,product quality or diminishing the production and distribution cos
ts
Organizational innovation =Aims to implement a new organizational method in
business practices of the company,the work place and jobs and the company s
al relations.
> increasing business performance by reducing administrative or transaction
s,improving workplace satisfaction (and thus labor productivity)or reducing
ly costs.

the
extern
cost
supp

Marketing innovation =Implementing a new marketing method involving significant

changes in:product or packaging design,new sales methods,product placement,produ
ct promotion or pricing policy.
> better fulfilling of customer needs,aiming to open new markets or new position
ing of the company's products on the market,with the purpose of increasing sales
.
Creativity= creating or finding new methods,relationships,devices or products,proc
essesor systems,based on available knowledge,but not caused directly or through
logical reasoning of the information we have a tour fingertips,but based on intu
itive processes
Industrial aesthetics=a process involving art in the intimate structure of the i
ndustrial output/product
>includes design elements but also elements regarding the psychology of shapes,c
onsumer theory,sociology of taste
Succedanea (or art replacements)
> Artistic copy -work that is performed following the original by someone talent
ed,himself a creator,which respects the original item,from the techniques used t
o small features of shape,color,material and space
Replica
> Replica an item made by hand by an artist following an existing work,given that
the data,coordinates or even the original subject are not followed exactly,becom
ing merely a pretext for a new form
Reproduction
After the beginning of the industrial age:
> Reproduction the item obtained by mechanical means,even inindustrial conditions,

which reconstructs,more or less faithfully,an existing work,in what concerns the

main visual elements.
Technical substitutes =products that,on the one hand,would beconsidered as part
of the decorative arts,but on the other hand,belong to the field of industrial p
roducts
Technical substitutes =products that,on the one hand,would be considered as part
of the decorative arts,but on the other hand,belong to the field of industrial
products
Causes for the appearance of design:
> of a general economic nature
craft development: furniture, household items, clothing, etc.
> specific to the industrial production
multiplying a product using industrial robots => a perfect project
+ high precision in execution
Factors that contributed to the extraordinary diversification of products range(
in the last century and a half):
>production cost for essentials items diminished
>the comfort of people was improved through inventions and innovations with imme
diate applicability
>new raw materials
>social and cultural causes:useful and beautiful items=more comfort and joy to p
eople's lives
Stages in the development of design
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The
The
The
The
The

applied stage
modern stage
styling stage
consumerist stage
balanced stage

aesthetic categories:
> shape and its essential dimensions (angles, size, symmetry and proportion)
> line
> drawing
> ornament
> harmony
> contrast
> color
Shape
=form,look,contour,silhouette.
-the shape/form is the second most used element in design
Modelling products =process integrated in the manufacturing of products,resultin
g from the joint action of specialists from different fields:design,technology,e
rgonomics,economics.