Q Electricity

CBSEPracticalSkills.
com
Edulabz International
ELECTRICITY
12
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

Q.1. Name and define SI unit of electric current?
Ans. The name of SI unit of electric current is ampere. An
ampere is the amount of current flowing in a
conductor when a charge of 1 coulomb flows through
it in one second.
Q.2. What does an electric circuit mean?
Ans. Electric circuit is a continuous conducting path
between the terminals of a source of electric energy,
conducting wires and other electrical components
through which electric current flows.
Q.3. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential
difference across a conductor.
Ans. Electric cell or electric battery is a device in which
chemical energy changes into electrical energy, and
CBSEPracticalSkills.com
hence, helps in maintaining potential difference across

a conductor.
Q.4. What is meant by saying that potential difference
between two points is 1 V?
Ans. It means one joule of work is done when a charge of
1 coulomb flows between the two given points.
Q.5. How much energy is given to each coulomb of
charge passing through a 6 V battery?
Ans. Energy = Work = P.D. Charge
W=VQ
= 6V 1C = 6 J
Q.6. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of

a battery of three cells of 2V each, a 5 resistor an
8 resistor and a 12 resistor, a plug key and an
ammeter to measure the current through the
resistors, all connected in series. A voltmeter to
measure the potential difference across the 12
resistor is also connected. What would be the
readings in the ammeter and the voltmeter?
Ans.
Total voltage of 3 cells
= 3 2V = 6V
Total resistance in series = 5 + 8 + 12

= 25
Current flowing through the circuit and hence
ammeter (I)
=
6V
= 0.24A
25
Voltage drop across 12 resistor = IR = 0.24 12

= 2.88 V
Reading of voltmeter across 12 resistor = 2.88V
Q.7. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor
depend?
Ans. (i) Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional
to the length of the conductor.
(ii) Resistance
of
conductor
is
inversely
proportional to the area of cross-section of the

conductor.
(iii) Resistance of a conductor depends upon its nature
of molecules.
Q.8. Will the current flow more easily through a thin
wire or a thick wire of the same material, when
connected to the same source? Why?
Ans. The current will flow more easily through thick wire.
It is because the resistance of a conductor is inversely
proportional to its area of cross-section. Thus, thicker
the wire, less is the resistance and hence more easily
the current flows.
Q.9.
(a) Which among the iron and mercury is a better

conductor?
(b) Which material is the best conductor?
Ans. (a) Mercury is a better conductor than iron as it has

lower resistivity than iron.
(b) Silver is the best conductor of electricity.

Q.10. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity
of 1.6 108 m. What will be the length of this
wire to make its resistance of 10? How much will
the resistance change, if the diameter is doubled?
Ans. (i) R = 10 ; = 1.6 108 m;
diameter (d) = 0.5 mm = 0.0005 m
d
R
RA
2
=
Length of wire l =
10 W 22 0.0005 m 0.0005 m
7 4 1.6 10 8 Wm
220 5 10 4 5 10 4 m
=
7 4 1.6 10 8
220 25
= 122.76 m
44.8
(ii)
R1
R2
d
p 2
2
A
= 2 =
2
A1
d1
p
2
10 W (20.0005 m) 2
=
R2
(0.0005 m) 2
R2 =
( d2 = 2d1)
10
= 2.5
4
Q.11. Let the resistance of an electrical component

remains constant, while the potential difference
across the two ends of the component decreases to
half of its former value. What change will occur in
the current through it?
Ans. The current will decrease to half, because according to
Ohms law, the current in a circuit is directly

proportional to potential difference.
Q.12. Why are coils of electric toasters and electric irons
made of an alloy, rather than a pure metal.
Ans. 1. Alloys offer more resistance to the passage of
electric current than pure metals.

2. Alloys do not get oxidised easily as compared to
metals.
Q.13. Judge the equivalent resistance when the following
are connected in parallel : (a) 1 and 106 ;
(b) 1 , 103 and 106.
Ans. In either of the cases (a) and (b), the resistance will be
less than 1, because the equivalent resistance in

parallel is less than the individual resistances.
Q.14. Which of the following terms does not represent
electrical power in a circuit :
2
(a) I R
(b) IR
(c) VI
V2
(d)
R
Ans. (b) is the correct answer.
Q.15. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When

operated on 110 V, the power consumed will be :
(a) 100 W
(b) 75 W
(c) 50 W
(d) 25 W
Ans. (d) is the correct answer.

Reason : Resistance of the bulb (R)
V2
220 220
= 484 .
=
=
P
100
Power consumed at 110 V,

V2
110 11 0
= 25W.
P=
=
R
484
Q.16. Two conducting wires of the same material and of
equal lengths and equal diameters are first
connected in series and then parallel in an electric
circuit. The ratio of heat produced in series and
parallel combinations would be :
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 4
(d) 4 : 1
Ans. (c) is the correct answer.

Reason : Let V be the potential difference at the ends
of conducting wires in series and parallel.
(i) Resistance of 2 conducting wires in series

= R + R = 2R.
V2
Heat produced in series circuit H1 =
2R
(ii) Resistance of 2 conducting wires in parallel
Rp =
R
2
Heat produced in parallel circuit H2

V2
2V 2
=
=
R/2
R
V 2 2V 2
=1:4
H1 : H2 =
:
2R
R
Q.17. Why are copper and aluminium wires usually
employed for electricity transmission?
Ans. Copper and aluminium have very low resistivity.
Thus, large amount of current is transmitted through

them without any wastage.
Q.18. What is (a) the highest, (b) lowest resistance that

can be secured by combinations of four coils of
resistance 4, 8 , 12 and 24 ?
Ans. (i) For highest resistance, the coils should be
connected in series.
Rs
= r1 + ..... r4
= (4 + 8 + 12 + 24) = 48
(ii) For lowest resistance, the coils should be

connected in parallel.
1
1
1
= + .....+
r1
r4
Rp
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
=
Rp
4
8
12
24
=
Rp
6 + 3 + 2 +1
12
1
=
=
24
24
2
=2
10
Q.19. An electric motor takes 5 A from a 220 V line.

Determine the power of the motor and the energy
consumed in 2 h.
Ans. Power of an electric motor (P) = I V
= 5 220 = 1100 W.
Energy consumed by motor in 2 h
=Pt
= 1100W 2h = 2200Wh
= 2.2 kWh.
Q.20. When a 12 V battery is connected across an
unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in
the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the
resistor.
Ans.
Potential difference
(V) = 12 V
Current (I) = 2.5 mA =
11
2.5
A
1000
Resistance (R) =
V 12 1000
=
= 4800 .
I
2.5
Q.21. A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors

of 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.5 and 12 respectively.
How much current would flow through the 12
resistor?
Ans. Total resistance in series (R)
= (0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 12)

= 13.4
Potential difference (V) = 9 V
Current in circuit (I) =
V
9
=
= 0.67 A.
R 13.4
As all resistors in series circuit have same magnitude

of current, therefore, current in 12 resistor = 0.67A.
Q.22. Two lamps, one rated 100 W at 220 V, and other
60 W at 220 V are connected in parallel to electric
12
mains supply. What current is drawn from the

line, if the supply voltage is 220 V?
Ans. Total power of 2 bulbs in parallel (W)
= 100 + 60 = 160 W.
Supply voltage = 220 V
Current drawn from line (I) =
P
V
160 W
= 0.727 A
220 V
Q.23. Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for the

filament of electric bulbs?
Ans. Tungsten has melting point of 3380C and can be
drawn in fine wires. Furthermore, it offers very large

amount of resistance. Thus, when electric current is
passed through the tungsten filament, its temperature
rises above 2000C, and hence, large amount of heat
energy produced, which is converted into light energy.
13
Q.24. Why are the conductors of electric heating devices,

such as bread-toasters and electric irons, made of
an alloy, rather than a pure metal?
Ans. Manganin and nichrome are the alloys commonly
used in electric heating devices, because they offer

fairly large amount of electric resistance and do not
get oxidised till 1000C.
Q.25. Why is the series arrangement not used for
domestic circuits?
Ans. In series arrangement, the magnitude of resistance is
maximum, and hence, very small amount of current

flows. Furthermore, the potential difference is not
constant in series circuit. Now, as the most of the
electric devices work at constant potential, but
consume different amounts of current, therefore, series
circuit is unsuitable. Furthermore, various devices in
series circuit cannot be operated independently with
independent switches.
14
Q.26. An electric lamp of 100 , a toaster of resistance

50 and a water filter of resistance 500 are
connected in parallel to a 220 V source. What is the
resistance of an electric iron connected to the same
source that takes as much current as all three
appliances, and what is the current through it?
Ans. Resistance of electric iron = Resistance of
appliances connected
in parallel
1
1
1
1
+
+
=
100 50 500
Rp
5 + 10 + 1 16
=
500
500
Rp =
500
= 31.25 .
16
Current drawn by electric iron

I =
15
V
220
=
= 7.04 A
R 31.25
Q.27. How can three resistors of resistances 2 , 3 and

6 be connected to give a total resistance of :
(a) 4
(b) 1 ?
Ans. (a)
In the above circuit diagram resistance of 3 and
6 in parallel
1 1 3 1
1
= + = =
Rp 3 6 6 2
Rp = 2
Therefore, resistance of 2 and the parallel
segment
R=2+2=4
(b)
Resistance of 2 , 3 , 6 in parallel.
16
1 1 1 6 1
1
= + + = =
2 3 6 6 1
Rp
Rp = 1
Q.28. An electric iron of resistance 20 takes a current

of 5 A. Calculate the heat developed in 30 s.
Ans. Power of electric iron
P = I2 R = (5)2 20 = 500 W
Heat developed in 30 s
H = P t = 500 W 30 s = 15,000 J
Q.29. How many 176 resistors (in parallel) are
required to carry 5 A on 220 V line?
Ans. Current in circuit (I) = 5 A
Resistance of parallel circuit (Rp) =
17
V
I
220 V
= 44
5A
Now,
1 1
1
= +
+ n times
r1 r2
Rp
1
44
1
1
+
+ n times
176 176
1
44
n
176
n=
176
=4
44
Thus, 4 resistors of 176 should be connected in

parallel.
Q.30. Show how you would connect three resistors, each
of resistance 6 , so that the combination has a
resistance of : (i) 9 ; (ii) 4 .
Ans. (i)
18
Resistance of B and C in parallel
1
1 2 1
1
= + = =
6
6 6 3
Rp
Rp = 3 .
Combined resistance of A and Rp in series.
Rs = 6 + 3 = 9 .
(ii)
Resistance of A and B in series

Rs = 6 + 6 = 12
Resistance of Rs in parallel with C
Rp
1
1
3
1
+ =
=
12 6 12 4
Rp = 4
19
Q.31. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a

200 V electric supply line, are rated 10 W. How
many lamps can be connected in parallel with each
other across the two wires of 220 V line, if the
maximum allowable current is 5 A?
Ans.
Maximum current (I) = 5 A

Maximum available power (P) = I V

= 5 220 = 1100 W
Required number of lamps

=
Maximum power
Power of one lamp
1100 W
= 110 lamps
10 W
Q.32. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V

line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24
resistance, which may be used separately, in series
20
or in parallel. What are the currents in the three

cases?
Ans. Constant voltage (V) = 220 V
(i) When single coil is used, then

R = 24
Current in coil (I) =
V 220 V
= 9.17 A
=
R
24 W
(ii) When two coils are used in series, then

Rs = 24 + 24 = 48
Current in coils in series

I =
V
220 V
= 4.58 A
=
Rs
48 W
(iii) When two coils are used in parallel, then

1
1
2
1
1
=
+
=
=
Rp
24
24
24 12
Rp = 12
21
Current in coils in parallel

I =
V
220 V
= 18.33 A
=
Rp
12 W
Q.33. Compare the power used in the 2 resistor in each

of the following circuits :
(i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 and 2
resistors,
(ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 and 2
resistors.
Ans. (i) Resistance of 1 and 2 in series
R = (1 + 2) = 3

Current in series circuit
I=
V 6V
=2A
=
R 3W
As current in series circuit is a constant quantity

22
Current in 2 resistor = 2 A
Power in 2 resistor in series
P1 = I2 R = (2)2 2 = 8 W
(ii) P.D across 2 resistor = 4 V.
Power in 2 resistor in parallel

V 2 (4) 2
(P2) =
=
=8W
R
2
P1 : P2 = 8 W : 8 W
=1:1
Q.34. Which uses more energy, a 250 W TV set in 1 hour
or a 1200 W toaster in 10 minutes?
Ans. Energy consumed by T.V. set = P t
= 250 W 1 h
23
= 250 Wh
Energy consumed by toaster = P t
= 1200 W
10
h
60
= 200 Wh.
TV set used more energy than toaster.
Q.35. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one
coulomb of charge.
Ans. When the charge is 1.602 1019 C, the number of
electron = 1
When the charge is 1 C, the number of electrons
=
1
= 6.24 1018 electrons.
19
1.602 10
Q.36. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of

a battery of four 2 V cells, a 5 ohm resistor, an
8 ohm resistor, and a 12 ohm resistor and a plug
key, all connected in series.
24
Ans.
Q.37. Why does the connecting cord of an electric heater

not glow while the heating element does?
Ans. Heat produced in a conductor is given by the
expression I2.R.t. Now for a given circuit I and t

are constant quantities. Thus, heat produced is directly
proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
Now the resistance of conducting wires is very small,
and hence, practically no heat is produced. However,
the resistance of heating element is very large. Thus, it
gets red hot.
Q.38. A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal
parts. These parts are then connected in parallel. If
the equivalent resistance of this combination is R,
then the ratio R/R is :
(a) 1/25
(b) 1/5
(c) 5
(d) 25
Ans. (d) is the correct answer.
Reason : Resistance of each small piece

25
R
5
Equivalent resistance of 5 pieces in parallel
1
5
5
5
5
5
+
+
+
+
=
R
R R R R R
1
25
=
R
R
R
= 25.
R
Q.39. An electric heater of resistance 8 draws 15 A

from the service mains in 2 hours. Calculate the
rate at which heat is developed in the heater.
Ans. Rate of heat development = Power of heater
= I2.R = (15 A)2 8

= 1800 W
Q.40. What are the advantages of connecting electrical
devices in parallel with the battery instead of
connecting them in series?
26
Ans. 1. In parallel circuit, each appliance maintains a
steady potential difference and the current divides

in the inverse ratio of the resistances. Thus, each
appliance receives current at steady voltage, and
hence, they work efficiently. This is not possible
in series circuit.
2. In parallel circuit, if one appliance goes out of
order or is switched off, the other appliances
continue working. This is not possible in series
circuit, where the complete circuit stops working
if one appliance goes out of order or is switched
off.
3. In parallel circuit overall resistance decreases, and
hence, adequate current flows through every
appliance. In series circuit, the overall resistance
increases, and hence, magnitude of current
decreases.
Q.41. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor
for the corresponding values of potential difference
V across the resistor are given below :
27
I (amperes)
0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
V (volts)
1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2
Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the

resistance of that resistor.
Ans.
Resistance =
Coordinates on Y - axis
Coordinates on X - axis
Resistance =
Y2 Y1
X 2 X1
28
(13.2 1.6) V
(4.0 0.5) A
11.6 V
= 3.31
3.5 A
Q.42. Compute the heat generated while transferring

96,000 coulomb of charge in one hour through a
potential difference of 50 V.
Ans. Here, Q = 96000 C, t = 1 hour = 3600 sec, V = 50 V
Heat generated H = ?
H = VQ = 50V 96000 C
= 4800000 J
Q.43. What determines the rate at which energy is
delivered by a current?
Ans. Resistance of the circuit determines the rate at which
the energy is delivered by a current.
29

Q Electricity

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Q Electricity

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

CBSEPracticalSkills.

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS

hence, helps in maintaining potential difference across

Q.6. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of

Total voltage of 3 cells

Total resistance in series = 5 + 8 + 12

Voltage drop across 12 resistor = IR = 0.24 12

proportional to the area of cross-section of the

(a) Which among the iron and mercury is a better

Ans. (a) Mercury is a better conductor than iron as it has

(b) Silver is the best conductor of electricity.

Q.11. Let the resistance of an electrical component

Ohms law, the current in a circuit is directly

Ans. 1. Alloys offer more resistance to the passage of

electric current than pure metals.

less than 1, because the equivalent resistance in

Ans. (b) is the correct answer.

Q.15. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When

Ans. (d) is the correct answer.

Power consumed at 110 V,

Ans. (c) is the correct answer.

(i) Resistance of 2 conducting wires in series

Heat produced in parallel circuit H2

Thus, large amount of current is transmitted through

Q.18. What is (a) the highest, (b) lowest resistance that

(ii) For lowest resistance, the coils should be

Q.19. An electric motor takes 5 A from a 220 V line.

Current (I) = 2.5 mA =

Q.21. A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors

= (0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 12)

Current in circuit (I) =

As all resistors in series circuit have same magnitude

mains supply. What current is drawn from the

Current drawn from line (I) =

Q.23. Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for the

drawn in fine wires. Furthermore, it offers very large

Q.24. Why are the conductors of electric heating devices,

used in electric heating devices, because they offer

maximum, and hence, very small amount of current

Q.26. An electric lamp of 100 , a toaster of resistance

Current drawn by electric iron

Q.27. How can three resistors of resistances 2 , 3 and

Q.28. An electric iron of resistance 20 takes a current

Potential difference (V) = 220 V

Resistance of parallel circuit (Rp) =

Thus, 4 resistors of 176 should be connected in

Resistance of B and C in parallel

Resistance of A and B in series

Resistance of Rs in parallel with C

Q.31. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a

Maximum current (I) = 5 A

Maximum available power (P) = I V

Required number of lamps

Q.32. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V

or in parallel. What are the currents in the three

(i) When single coil is used, then

Current in coil (I) =

(ii) When two coils are used in series, then

Current in coils in series

(iii) When two coils are used in parallel, then

Current in coils in parallel

Q.33. Compare the power used in the 2 resistor in each

Potential difference (V) = 6 V

As current in series circuit is a constant quantity