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6. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES
Question bank
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7) Define batching, what are all the methods of batching?
12) What are all the transporting equipment needed to transport the concrete?
13) Which is the efficient type of vibrator used to compact the concrete?
15) Explain the manufacturing of cement with neat sketches and flow chart
16) Explain briefly about the chemicals used in concrete and their advantages
17) Write the step by step procedure for BIS mix design
18) Explain the procedure of compression test on concrete
19) What are all the different types of curing of concrete explain detailedly
20) What are all the different methods adopting to transport concrete explain detailedly?
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UNIT II - CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
PART-A
21) What are all the steps involved in site clearance?
22) How will you mark a site for setting out a foundation?
23) Define the term masonry.
24) Explain the sequence of operation in construction with an example.
25) What is composite masonry?
26) What are all the types of ashlar masonry?
27) Differentiate English bond and Flemish bond.
28) Write notes on zig-zag bond
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29) Write notes on temporary shed
38) Explain the various types of stone masonry with neat sketches
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UNIT III - SUB STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
PART-A
46) Define box jacking
47) Differentiate pie jacking and box jacking
48) Write notes on under water construction of diaphragm walls
49) What are all the techniques adopted for tunneling?
50) What are all te different types of coffer dams?
51) Write short note on well foundation.
52) Write notes on sheet piles.
53) Define anchoring.
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54) What is well point explain?
55) Define dewatering?
PART-B
56) Explain under water construction of diaphragm walls with neat sketches.
60) Write notes on Dewatering and stand by Plant equipment for underground open excavation.
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70) What are all the types of domes?
71) What are all the usage of adopting domes?
72) Define space decks
73) What are all the usage of space decks
74) What is all the usage of pre stress concrete?
PART-B
75) Write notes on material handling
76) Explain the types of bridge decks with sketch
77) What is the procedure of erecting heavy decks
78) Write detailed notes on erecting light weight components on tall structures
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79) Explain the method of Erection of articulated structures
83) What are all the operations conducted with the help of tractors?
84) Write the parts of a motor graders.
85) Define scrapers.
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PART-B
95) Write notes on trenching equipment.
96) What are all the points should be considered while selecting an earth work equipment
97) Explain the important and working of tractors and scrapers.
98) Explain the equipment used for mixing and compaction of concrete.
99) Explain briefly about the various pile driving equipments.
100) Write notes on equipment used for erection of structures.
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7. SURVEYING-I
Question Bank
_______________________________________________________________________
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION AND CHAIN SURVEYING
1. Define surveying.
2. State two primary divisions of surveying.
3. Enumerate the fundamental parameters of surveying measurement?
4. State the basic principles of surveying.
5. State the basic assumptions of plane surveying.
6. Differentiate between plan and map.
7. Enumerate the essential elements of a map.
8. What are the classifications of survey?
9. What do you understand by measurement in surveying practice?
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10. Define significant figures and rounding off of a measurement. Explain their relevance in
surveying.
11. List the different types of errors in survey measurement and state their significance
12. Describe how you would range a survey line between two stations which are not intervisible?
13. What do you mean by limiting length of off set in chain surveying?
14. What are the equipments used to measure right angle in the chain surveying?
15. Enumerate the instruments used for measurement of lengths of survey lines
16. Distinguish between perpendicular offset and oblique offset, with neat sketches.
17. Which of the following scale is the smallest and largest respectively:
18. The distance between two stations were repeated 10 times and observed to be as follows: 500.335m,
500.360m; 501.345m, 500.395m, 500.420m, 500.355m, 500.315m, 500.360m, 500.415m, and 500.325m.
Justify, if there is any observation having gross error.
19. Illustrate with neat sketches, various types of obstacles encountered in chain surveying.
20. A survey line PQ intersects a pond. To overcome these obstacle two stations A and B were taken on
either side of the pond. A line AC, 90 m long was laid down on the left of AB, and a second line AD,
130 m long was laid down on the right of AB. If points C, B and D are on the same straight line and
CB = 75 m and BD = 78 m, determine the length AB.
Tabulate the differences between different types of meridians along with differences in their utilities.
2.
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3.
What do you understand by plane table survey? What are the advantages and dis-advantages of
Plane Tabling? List the different accessories used in plane tabling along with their uses.
4.
5.
Explain the different operation involved in temporary adjustment of plane table surveying.
6.
Enumerate the different types of plane tabling and highlight the topographical conditions under each
is generally used.
7.
8.
9.
What do you understand by "Trial and Error" method of solving Three point problem?
10. Explain the basic Lehmann's Rule for reducing the number of trials. Further, state the additional
rules for special cases.
11. Define Bearing.
12. Define Dip and Declination
13. Define local attraction
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14. Define W.C.B.
25. A survey line AB crosses a river obliquely. P and Q are two points selected on the
line one at each end of the river. Another line EPF is run parallel to the centre line
of the river and point E is such that angle QEP is right angle and EP = PF = 100 m.
A third point G is set at a distance of 150 m from P such that angle GFP is also right
angle. Compute the distance PQ.
26. The magnetic bearing of a line was found to be N 60 30' W in 1992, when the
declination was 5 10' E. find its present magnetic bearing, if declination is 3 W.
27. The bearing taken for two lines are as follows:
Line
Fore Bearing
Back Bearing
AB
S 37 30' E
BC
N 44 15' E
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Compute the interior angle at B.
28. Following are the observed magnetic bearings of the traverse legs:
Line
PQ
QR
RS
SP
FB
74 20'
107 20'
224 50'
200 15'
BB
256 00'
286 20'
44 50'
126 00'
29. At what stations local attraction is suspected? Determine the correct bearings of the traverse legs and
also calculate the included angles.
30. What are the precautions to be adopted in using the Compass?
31. The bearings of the sides of a traverse ABCDE are as follows :
Side
Fore bearing
Back bearing
AB
107 15'
287 15'
BC
22 0'
202 0'
CD
281 30'
101 30'
DE
189 15'
EA
124 45'
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9 15'
304 45'
4. State the differences in the temporary adjustment of a dumpy level and an IOP level.
5. State the difference between a dumpy level and a digital level.
6. Enumerate the order in which the permanent adjustment of a tilting level are carried out.
7. Describe the two peg method of permanent adjustment of a dumpy level State and explain the basic
principle of leveling.
8. Enumerate the difference between rise and fall method (of reduction of level) and height of
instrument method.
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Staff reading on A
3.612 m
1.862 m
Staff reading on B
3.248 m
0.946
M is equidistant from A and B, P is 40 m from A and 240 m from B. What is the true difference in
elevation between the two points? With the level in the same position at P, to what staff reading on B
should the line of sight be adjusted? What is the corresponding staff reading on A for a horizontal
line of sight? Check these two staff readings against the true difference in elevation, previously
determined.
18. Data from a differential leveling have been found in the order of B.S., F.S..... etc. starting with the
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initial reading on B.M. (elevation 150.485 m) are as follows : 1.205, 1.860, 0.125, 1.915, 0.395, 2.615,
0.880, 1.760, 1.960, 0.920, 2.595, 0.915, 2.255, 0.515, 2.305, 1.170. The final reading closes on B.M..
Put the data in a complete field note form and carry out reduction of level by Height of instrument
method. All units are in meters.
19. The following reciprocal levels were taken on two stations P and Q:
Instrument
Average distant,
station
meter
readings, meter
2.165
3.810
2.335
0.910
R.L of P = 101.345 m
Distance, PQ = 1645 Km
Determine the elevation of Q and the error due to refraction when the collimation error is 0.003m
downward per 100m.
20. A surveyor standing on seashore can just see the top of a ship through the telescope of a levelling
instrument. The height of the line of sight at instrument location is 1.65 meter above msl and the top
of ship is 50 meter above sea level. How far is the ship from the surveyor?
21. The following notes refer to the reciprocal levels taken with one level:
Staff Readings on
Remarks
Instrument Station
Near Station
Further station
1.03
1.630
Distance PQ = 800 m
2.74
0.950
R.L. of P = 450 m
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22. The areas enclosed by contours on the upstream face of dam in a hydro-electric project as
Contour (m)
800
790
780
770
760
750
740
730
Area (hectares)
31.41
26.74
24.89
22.23
19.37
17.74
12.91
5.35
The lowest draw down level is 733 m. compute the full reservoir capacity
23. In levelling between two points A and B on opposite banks of a river, the level was set up near A and
the staff readings on A and B were 1.60 m and 2.44 m respectively. The level was then moved and set
up near B, and the respective readings on A and B were 0.70 and 1.26. Find the true difference of
level between A and B.
10
20
40
60
Offset in m
6.10
7.63
4.58
5.49
8.54
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Calculate the area between the chain line and the hedge using Simpsons method.
1. Enumereate the different parts of a vernier theodolite and explain their function.
5. Enumerate the fundamental lines of a theodolite instrument and state their relationship in a
permanently adjusted instrument
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12. Calculate the independent coordinates of the stations from the following observation of a traverse
assuming independent coordinates of station A as (10000, 10000):
Line
AB
BC
CD
DE
EA
Length (m)
89.31
219.76
151.18
159.10
232.26
WCB
45 10'
72 05'
161 52'
228 43'
300 42'
13. In a traverse ABCDEFG, the line BA is taken as the reference meredian, the coordinates of the sides
AB, BC, CD, DE and EF are
Line
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
Northing (m)
1190.9
565.3
590.5
606.9
1017.2
Easting
736.4
796.8
-468.0
370.4
If the bearing of FG is 284 13' and its length is 896.0m, find the length and bearing of GA.
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14. In a closed traverse ABCDE running anti-clockwise, calculate the missing data:
Line
Length (m)
W.C.B.
AB
343.56
245 18'
BC
371.08
CD
113 37'
DE
417.66
37 25'
EA
457.25
321 42'
2.
.State the relationship between the radius of a curve and the degree of the curve.
3.
4.
Lines
6.
W.C.B.
7.
Length (m)
8.
AB
9.
10. -
11. BC
12. 90
13. 220
14. CD
15. 140
16. -
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Determine the salient parameters of the simple circular curve.
17. Two straights AB and BC meet in an inaccessible point B and are to be connected by a simple curve
of 600 m radius. Two points P and Q were selected on AB and BC respectively and the following data
were obtained.
R APQ = 150, R CQP = 160, PQ = 150.0 m
18. Calculate the salient elements of the simple circular curve. Considering the chainage of point P to be
1000 m.
19. Two tangents intersect at chainage 2380 m, the deflection angle being 50 30'. Compute the necessary
data for setting out a 5.7 curve to connect the two tangents if it is intended to set out the curve by
Rankine's Method of tangential angles. Take the length of the normal chord as 30 m. Also, tabulate
the values of the deflection angles for setting out with a theodolite having least count of 20".
20. Two straights AB and BC meet at an inaccessible point B. They are to be connected by a simple
circular curve of 500 m radius. Two points P and Q are selected on AB and BC respectively, and the
following data are obtained: RAPQ = 157 22' ; RCQP = 164 38' ; PQ = 200 m.
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21. Calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of deflection angle. The nominal
length of chord is 30 m. Assume any data missing.
22. A transition curve of length 230 m joins a straight to a circular curve of radius 800 m. What is the
angle turned by the transition curve and what is the necessary shift?. Find the length of offset to the
transition at a distance 150 m from the short along the tangent.
23. Two straights AB and BC intersect at chainage 1000 m, the deflection angle being 40. It is proposed
to insert a right-handed circular curve 400 m radius with a cubic parabola of 90 m length at each
end. The circular curve is to be set out with pegs at 20 m intervals and the transition curves at 10 m
intervals. Find the
25. Chainages at the junction of the transition curve with circular curves
26. tangential angles for the first two points on the first transition curve
27. tangential angles for the first two points on the circular curves
29. Two straights intersect at a deflection angle of 80? and are connected by a circular curve of radius 10
chains. Find the length of each end tangent, the curve, and the long chord, the Apex distance;
the Mid ordinate of the curve and the Degree of the curve.
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