AnnotatedBibliography

PrimarySources:

1.Brand,Christo,andBarbaraJones.
Mandela:MyPrisoner,MyFriend.
NewYork:Thomas
DunneBooks
ThisprimarysourcegaveusinsightonMandela'stimeinprison.Theauthor,Christo
Brand,wasayoungprisonguardwhileMandelaservedhistimeatRobbenIsland.Brand
formedastrongfriendshipwithMandelawhiletheywereonoppositesidesofthecell,so
thissourceprovidedinformationaboutMandelas27yearsinprison.

2.Carlin,John.KnowingMandela:APersonalPortrait.NewYork,NewYork:HarperPerennial
ThisprimarysourcewaswrittenbyamanwhoknewMandelaandwatchedhimthrough
hisupsanddowns.HeknewMandelafromrugbyandhadauniquerelationship.This
sourceprovidedanewinsighttoMandela'sideasandactionsonapartheid.Thesource
wasabletoshowourgroupmoreinformationonthecharacterofMandelaandhowhe
dealtwithcertainpeople,events,andproblemsinSouthAfrica.

3.Carlin,John.
PlayingtheEnemy:NelsonMandelaandtheGameThatMadeaNation
.New
York:PenguinPress,2008.
ThisprimarysourceisfromamanwhoknewMandelaandwatchedhimthroughhisups
anddowns.HeknewMandelafromRugbyandhadauniquerelationship.Thissource
willhopefullyprovideanewinsighttoMandela'sideasandactionsonApartheid.Itwas
helpfultoseeaviewonMandelaapartfromhistorians,butinsteadhadformeda
relationshipwithNelsonMandelathatgavehiminformationdifferentfromothers.

4.DeKlerk,FW.
F.W.DeKlerk
.NewYork:St.Martin'sPress,1999.
ThissourceisaprimarysourcewrittenbyF.W.deKlerkhimselfabouthislifeas
PresidentofSouthAfrica.Itgaveusimportantinformationonhisthinkingatthattime
andwhathethoughtaboutNelsonMandelaandtheissuessurroundingapartheid.F.W.de
Klerkknewexactlywhathefeltaboutapartheid,NelsonMandela,andmanyotherissues
surroundingtheapartheidregimeinSouthAfricaduringthatcrucialtimeinhistory.

5."FederalRegister."NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration.AccessedFebruary03,
2016.
http://www.archives.gov/federalregister/codification/executiveorder/12532.html
.
ThisisaanexecutiveordercommissionedbyRonaldReaganin1985thatdiscussesthe
prohibitingtradeandcertainothertransactionsinvolvingSouthAfrica.Thisisprimary
becauseRonaldReagan,thePresidentoftheUnitedStatesatthetime,talksabouthis
reasoningbehindendingrelationshipswithSouthAfricaduringapartheid.


6.Gordimer,Nadine."NelsonMandela."In
TellingTimes
,742p.1sted.NewYork,NewYork:
W.W.Norton&Company,2010.
ThissourceisaprimarysourcebecauseitwaswrittenbyawomanwhowasontheANC
councilandalsoexperiencedalltheimportanteventsthatleaduptotheendofapartheid
inSouthAfrica.ShelivesinSouthAfricaandwithherperspectiveonthistopic,created
anewunderstandingforusasstudentstounderstandwhatsgoingon.Thisprimary
sourcegavethereaderadifferentviewpointofMandelaandofF.W.deKlerk.

7.Mandela,Nelson.
ConversationswithMyself
.NewYork:Farrar,StrausandGiroux,2010.
ThisisaprimarysourcewrittenbyNelsonMandelahimself.Itincludedlettersfromthe
timethatMandelawasimprisonedgivingusaninsightintoNelsonMandelasprivate
thinkingandmeetingswithF.W.deKlerk.Theencounterofthesetwopoliticalfiguresis
alargetopicofourproject,sotheinformationofthisbookwasveryinformativeforus.

8.Mandela,Nelson.
LongWalktoFreedom:TheAutobiographyofNelsonMandela
.Boston,
Massachusetts:Little,Brown,1994.
NelsonMandelareflectsonhisownthoughts,experiences,exchanges,andencountersin
hisautobiography.ThisisaprimarysourcebecauseitiswrittenbyNelsonMandela
himself.ThisisaverysignificantsourcebecauseofthevaluethatNelsonMandela'sown
wordscanaddtoourproject.

9.Rather,Dan,NelsonMandela,andF.W.DeKlerk."SouthAfricaStateofEmergencyDueTo
Violence."CBS.April18,1994.
CBSisasecondarysourcethatprovidesnewsthroughbroadcasting.However,inthis

particularnewsegment,CBSreporter,DanRatherconductedinterviewswithprimary
sources(andthefocusofourproject),F.W.deKlerkandNelsonMandela.

10.Steward,Dave."DaveSteward,ChiefofCabinetofSouthAfricaunderF.W.DeKlerk."
Onlineinterviewbyauthor.October12,2015.
Thisinterviewwasacrucialsourceinourhistoryfairproject.Wereliedheavilyonhis
quotesandwordsduringourinterview.DaveStewardprovideduswithaninsighttohow
deKlerkworkedinhisofficeandinteractedwithNelsonMandela.DaveStewardworked
alongsideF.W.deKlerkwhichprovidesprimaryinformationonourtopic.

11.Pearson,Michael,andTomCohen."LifeUnderApartheid."CNN.December6,2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/06/world/africa/mandelalifeunderapartheid/.
ThisarticlefromCNNprovidesinterviewsandstoriesofpeopleslivesduringapartheid.
Theseprimarysourcesrecalledeventsofviolenceduringapartheidandtheirstrugglein

SouthAfrica.Whiletheoutletused(CNN)issecondary,thequotesfromthepeople
interviewedareprimary.TheCNNarticleisaprimarysourcewhichprovidedourgroup
withknowledgeofviolenceandwhatlifewaslikeduringapartheid.

12.Faul,Michelle."WhatLifeWasLikeInSouthAfricaDuringApartheid."BusinessInsider.
December9,2013.
http://www.businessinsider.com/whatlifewaslikeinsouthafricaduringapartheid201312.
ThisprimarysourcetellsthestoryofayoungSouthAfricanslaveandherchildhood
livingwithapartheid.Itgivesprimaryinformationthatweusedtoshowtheideaof
violenceandsufferingduringapartheidinSouthAfrica.

SecondarySources:

10.Addison,John."TheBirthofApartheid."In
Apartheid
,72.1sted.Vol.1.GreatBritain:B.T.
BatsfordLtd,1981.71
ThissecondarysourceincludedwhattheSouthAfricancivilizationwaslikethatleadup
tothebeginningofapartheid.Thissourcealsoreflectedonthedifferentactspassedto
becomethenewlawsoflandthatstartedthefoundationforthecountrytothestartthe
segregationintheSouthAfrica.Thissourcetalkedaboutthebirthofapartheid.

11.Boehmer,Elleke.
NelsonMandela:ABriefInsight
.NewYork,NewYork:Sterling
Publishing,2008
ThisbiographyprovidedinsightintoNelsonMandela'stimeinprison,hisreleasefrom
prison,thefirstdemocraticelection,andhispresidency.ThebookoutlinedNelson
Mandelasexemplaryfigureonnonracialismanddemocracy.Thisbookoffereda
qualityportraitofMandelathatprovidedmoredetailtofurtherourunderstandingofhim.

12.BryantPratt,Paula.
TheEndofApartheidinSouthAfrica
.Vol.1.SanDiego,California:
LucentBook,1995.128.
Inthishistoricalnovelabouttheendoftheapartheid,ittalkedabouttheeventstaken
beforeapartheidwasover,andalsoabouttheaftermathofthehugedayinSouthAfricas
history.ThisbookalsodatesbacktowhenApartheidwasstillahugeconflictofinterest
inSouthAfrica,andhowpeoplechangedthecountryforthebetter.

13.Canesso,Claudia.
SouthAfrica
.Vol.1.ChelseaHousePublishers,1999.117.
ClaudiaCanessostatedwhatlifewaslikeinSouthAfrica,beforetheentiremovementof
endingapartheid.CanessoalsotalkedaboutthecontrolGreatBritainhadoverSouth
Africa,andhowtheRepublicofSouthAfricacuttieswithGreatBritaintoformtheir

owngovernmentrunbytheSouthAfricanpeople.Thisbookisasecondarysourcebut
theinformationthatitcontainsisthecrucialpartofhistorythatleaduptotheencounter
ofNelsonMandelaandF.W.DeKlerk

14.David.
ChainedTogether:Mandela,DeKlerk,andtheStruggletoRemakeSouthAfrica
.
NewYork:TimesBooks,1993.
ThissecondarysourceprovidedindepthinformationontherelationshipbetweenF.W.
deKlerkandNelsonMandelaandhowtheyworkedtogethertoendapartheidinSouth
Africa.Thisbookrevealedimportantdetailsontheencounterbetweenthetwopolitical
leaders.

15.Eades,LindsayMichie.
TheEndofApartheidinSouthAfrica
.Westport,Conn.:Greenwood
Press,1999.
LindsayEadesdiscussedthecomplexhistoryandpoliticsofSouthAfricathatformthe
insightfulstudyofthefactorsthatcontributedtotheendofapartheidandtheendofracial
divisioningovernment.Thesourceexaminedthepeople,history,andpoliticsofSouth
Africaintheageofapartheid.Itprovidedourgroupananalysisofthesefactorsenhanced
bybiographicalprofilesofkeypeople,mostimportantlyF.W.deKlerkandNelson
Mandela.

16.Glad,Betty,andRobertBlanton."F.W.DeKlerkandNelsonMandela:AStudyin
CooperativeTransformationalLeadership."27,no.3(Summer,1997):56590.
BettyGladsbooktalkedabouttherelationsbetweenF.W.DeKlerkandNelsonMandela
inanarticlefromthePresidentialQuarterlyvolumes.Thisisasecondarysourcebuthas
reliableinformationontherelationshipwhichisakeypartofourproject.Thestudyof
theirrelationshipgavemoreinformationthatwasdirectlyonoursubject,whichfurthered
ourunderstandingofthetwoimportantleadersandtheirworktoendapartheid.

17.Hamill,James.
PresidentDeKlerk'sOptions
,1992.AccessedOctober1,2015.
http://find.galegroup.com/gic/dispHomePage.do?prodId=GIC&userGroupName=mlin_n_hware
.
Thisisasecondarysourcegaveinsightintotheencountersandexchangesbetweenthe
AfricanNationalCongressandF.W.deKlerk.In1990,theANCwasallowedtomeet
againunderthepermissionofdeKlerk.Thisjournalgaveusdatesandimportant
informationaboutthemeetingsbetweentheANCandthePresidentasitfollowed.

18.Harwood,Ronald."Kliptown."In
Mandela
,131.London,England:NALPENGUIN,1987.
ThissecondarysourcedescribesNelsonMandelasactionsthathetooktoendapartheid.
HisactionsweredocumentedandaHistorianRonaldHarwoodinterpretedthemand

convertedthemtoabookthatmanyofthereaderswillunderstandandbeabletofully
comprehendtheactionsthatweretakingplace.

19.Lapierre,Dominique,andKathrynSpink.ARainbowintheNight:TheTumultuousBirthof
SouthAfrica.Cambridge,Massachusetts:DaCapoPress,2009.
ThissecondarysourceprovidedinformationonthehistoryofSouthAfricagoingback
hundredsofyears.ThisalsoprovideddetailedfactsaboutMandelaanddeKlerk's
meetingsandencountersleadinguptheirelectionforpresidentofSouthAfricain1994.
Thebackgroundinformationalongwithinformationonouractualeventsupportedour
topicthatallowedustoexpandonSouthAfricashistory.

20.Lapping,Brian.
Apartheid:AHistory.
NewYork:G.Braziller,1987.
Thissecondarysourceprovidedbackgroundinformationonwhathappenedbefore
NelsonMandelaandF.W.deKlerkputanendtoapartheid.Itisimportanttoknow
exactlywhatwashappeningandhowthatsystemcameintoplace.Thebeginningof
apartheidwascrucialinbuildingtheapartheidfilledsocietyMandelaanddeKlerk
workedtoendinSouthAfrica.

21."Life&TimesofNelsonMandela."TheNelsonMandelaFoundation.AccessedOctober8,
2015.
https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography
.
ThissourceisfromtheNelsonMandelaFoundationWebsite.Ithadalotofquality
informationincludingabiographyandtimelineofMandela'slife.Theyfocusedon
certainpoliticaleventsthatMandeladealtwithandalsoprovidedinformationon
Mandela'spoliticalroleinSouthAfrica.

22.MarkGevisser

"StrangeBedfellows."In
Review:StrangeBedfellows:Mandela,DeKlerk,
andtheNewSouthAfrica
,173178.1sted.Vol.79.TampaBay,Florida:ForeignAffairs,2000.
ThissecondarysourceprovidedthethoughtsGevisserhasabouttheencounterofNelson
MandelaandF.W.DeKlerk.ThisjournalcontainsquotesfromMandelaandDeKlerk,
thesequoteswerecrucialtounderstandingtheemotionthatwentinthatleaduptothe
1994electionofSouthAfrica.Thisjournalincludedotherstatementsfromfellowfriends
ofthetwomenandhowtheyviewedthechangeingovernmentandhowtheyviewed
theirfriends.

23.Meredith,Martin.NelsonMandela:ABiography.NewYork,NewYork:St.Martin'sPress,
1998.
ThisisasecondarysourcethatprovidedindepthinformationaboutMandela'seffortsto
effectingapeacefulandtoapartheidinSouthAfricain1994.Meredithalsoincluded

insightsintotheenduringfriendshipsMandelacreatedamongwhitesandblacksalike,as
wellastheinfluentialroleplayedbyhiscolleagues.

24.OmerCooper,J.D.
HistoryofSouthernAfrica
.2nded.Portsmouth,NH:Heinemen,1987.
Thisisasecondarysourceofhowapartheidwascreated,howpeopleinSouthAfrica
dealtwithit,andthereactionsandfightsofseveralprotesters,suchasNelsonMandela
andF.W.deKlerk.Itgavebackgroundinformationonapartheid,butalsogaveinsighton
theworkthathelpedendapartheid.

25.Reitzes,Maxine.
TheImpactofDemocracyonDevelopment:TheCaseofSouthAfrica
.
Johannesburg:CentreforPolicyStudies,2007.
ThissecondarysourcegavedetailedinformationaboutSouthAfricasnewgovernment
policiesandstructureafterthe1994democraticelection.Itdiscussespost1994changes
toSouthAfricasdemocraticgovernmentandsocioeconomicpositions.

26.Saul,JohnS.
SouthAfricathePresentasHistory
.Johannesburg,SouthAfrica:Jacana
Media,2014.
ThissourcetracedSouthAfricanhistoryfromearlydaysintotwodecadesofdemocracy.
ItalsoreflectedF.W.deKlerkandNelsonMandelasearlydecisions,concessions,and
choicesleadingintothedepthofapartheid.Theirmeetingsandencounterswerethe
centralreasonfortheendofapartheid.

27.Wekesser,Carol,andPierce,Christina.
Africa:OpposingViewpoints
.SanDiego,CA:
Greenhaven,1992.
Thisbookprovidedseveralviewpointsthatarguedagainstourpointsandsomethat
helpedtosupportourpoints.ThisbookbyCarolWekesserandChristinaPierceallowed
ourgrouptouseevidencetoargueandadvocatefortheideaswearetryingtoportray.
Thedifferingviewpointsinformedourgroupandallowedustobeabletobettersupport
andexplainourtopic.

28.Welsh,David."F.W.DeKlerkandConstitutionalChange."
Issue:AJournalofOpinion
18
(1990):610.
ThisjournalprovidedinsightonF.W.deKlerkspowerandviewsasapoliticalleaderin
SouthAfricaatthetime.ItgaveinformationonF.W.deKlerksgoalsandaimstolead
SouthAfrica,alongwithdifficultiesachievingsupportinSouthAfrica.Thedifficulties
werecrucialinmanyofdeKlerksdecisions,suchasreleasingNelsonMandelafrom
prisonandworkingwithhimtoendapartheidbyexploringanewformofgovernment.