Tutorial 4 The Gaseous State

ANSWERS

2.

1a (i)

1a (ii)

1a (iii)

1a (iv)

1b (i)

1b (ii)

1c (i)

1c (ii)

Equation:

y
z
) O2 (g)
x CO2 (g)
4
2
40 cm3

3
3
30 cm
+ 20 cm

CxHyOz (g) + (x +

Initial Volume
Change in
Volume
Final Volume

10 cm3
3
10 cm
0 cm

10 cm

30 10 = 20 cm
(absorbed by
KOH)

y
H2O (l)
2

0 cm (liquid
occupies
negligible vol.)*

From Avogadros Law,

x=2

and (x +

y
z
)=3
4
2

y
z
=1
4
2

Tutorial 4 The Gaseous State

No. of moles of CxHyOz (g) = V / Vm = 2.40 / 24.0 = 0.100 mol (Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol1 at r.t.p.)
No. of moles of H2O (l) = m / Mr = 5.40 / (2 x 1.0 + 16.0) = 0.300 mol
*(Vol. of H2O (l) = 0.300 mol x (2 x 1.0 + 16.0) g mol1 x 1.00 g cm3 = 5.4 cm3 << 2.4 dm3)
Hence, 1 mol CxHyOz reacts to produce 3 mol H2O, i.e.

y
=3
2

y = 6 z = 1

The molecular formula of the compound is C2H6O.

3.

Pressure of the gas in Pa = 0.968 1.01 x 105 = 9.777 x 104 Pa

Temperature of the gas = 289 K
Volume of the gas = 0.200 dm3 = 0.200 103 m3
Using pV = nRT,

pV
0.200 x 10 3 x 9.777 x 10 4
=
= 8.142 103 mol
RT
8.31 x 289
m
0.550
Mr =
=
= 67.6
n 8.142 x 10 3

n=

4.

5.

Mass of CO2 in 500 cm3 of saturated solution = 0.500 1.50 = 0.75 g

Mass of CO2 released

= 2.00 0.75 = 1.25 g

Amount of CO2 released

= 1.25/Molar mass
= 1.25/(12.0 + 2 x 16.0) mol
= 0.0284 mol

Volume of CO2 released

= 0.0284 24.0
3
= 0.682 dm
3
= 682 cm

Since Xe and F2 are mixed in equal volumes, the partial pressure of both gases is the
same. Let the partial pressure of Xe (or F2) be p.
Initial total pressure = p + p = 2p

(Daltons Law of partial pressure)

Final total pressure = 0.70 x 2p = 1.4p

Final partial pressure of Xe = 4 (1.4)p = 0.8p
7
Final partial pressure of F2 = 1.4p 0.8p = 0.6p
Since V is constant (sealed vessel) and assuming constant T and ideal gas behaviour.
pV = nRT p n
Hence,

amt of Xe reacted (p 0.8p) = 0.2p

amt of F2 reacted (p 0.6p) = 0.4p

Tutorial 4 The Gaseous State

i.e.

6.

n Xe 0.2 p 1
=
=
n F2 0.4 p 2

or

1 mol Xe reacts with 2 mole F2.

Xe (g) + 2F2 (g)
XeF4 (s)

Low Pressure and High Temperature

Reason:
(i)

At low pressure, the gas molecules are far apart . Hence the volume occupied by the
gas molecules is negilgible compared to the volume of the container. The attractive
forces of attraction between molecules are also negligible.

(ii)

At high temperature, there are negligible intermolecular forces of attraction since

the gas molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome it.

7 (a)

Low Temperature, High Pressure.

The following assumptions would be invalid:

7 (b)

The volume of the gas molecules is negligible compared to volume of container.

There are no forces of attraction between molecules.

Increasing deviation: He < Ne < O2 < C2H6 < NH3 < H2O
Deviation from ideal behaviour depends on
1. size of molecules ( no. of electrons)
2. type and strength of intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction

H2O deviates more than NH3

H2O has more extensive and stronger hydrogen bonding than NH3. (stronger IMF)
H2O, NH3 deviates more than the rest
stronger hydrogen bonding vs weaker instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions

He < Ne < O2 < C2H6

As the number of electrons increases, electron cloud increases and becomes more

polarisable, hence stronger instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions. C2H6 has the
largest number of electrons, and hence the strongest instantaneous dipole-induced dipole
interaction of the four gases.

Tutorial 4 The Gaseous State

The electron cloud of C2H6 is bigger than that of O2, which is bigger than that of Ne.

Hence, instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions between C2H6 molecules is

stronger due to the greater surface area available for interaction in each C2H6 molecule.
7 (c)

(i) As pressure approaches zero, the behaviour of all 3 gases approach ideal behaviour.

Hence the pV values of the three gases intersect at the same point (same constant
value, since pV = nRT).
(ii) For an ideal gas, pV remains constant as p increases.
pV for Ne increases as p increases
As pressure increases (volume decreases), the volume of the molecules become

significant as compared with the total volume of the container. Hence, the pressure exerted
by Ne is greater than that for an ideal gas as there would be more collisions with the walls
of the container in a smaller volume. This causes the pV value of Ne to be greater than that
of an ideal case.
[Note: The forces of attraction between Ne molecules are not considered, as Ne has a
very small electron cloud and only very weak instantaneous dipole-induced dipole
interactions (id-id) interactions exist]

pV for O2 and NH3 decreases as p increases

As pressure increases (volume decreases), the molecules are pushed closer together,

and hence, interact to a greater extent. The intermolecular forces of attraction become
more significant and is no longer negligible. The forces of collision exerted on the container
by the gas particles will lessen and this will cause the pressure of the gas to be lower than
ideal. pV for O2 and NH3 decreases as p increases.
NH3 deviates more due to the stronger hydrogen bonding between NH3 molecules as

compared to the weaker van der Waals forces (id-id) between O2 molecules.
8.

Amount of oxygen

= 120/(16.0 2) = 3.75 mol

Amount of hydrogen

= 5.00/(1.0 2) = 2.50 mol

Mole fraction of oxygen, x O2 = 3.75/ (3.75 + 2.50) = 0.600

Let the final total pressure be pT.

pO2 = x O2 pT , 3.0 = 0.600 x pT pT = 5.00 atm

Tutorial 4 The Gaseous State

On exploding the mixture:

2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
2H2O (l)

H2 is limiting and all H2 will be used up.

Amount of oxygen that remains after the reaction = 3.75 - (2.50)/2 = 2.50 mol
Assume that the pressure and volume of water is negligible (water formed condenses
upon cooling) that the final pressure is only due to 2.50 mol of O2.

Under the same conditions, 3.75 mol of oxygen has a pressure of 3.0 atm

2.50 mol of oxygen would have a pressure = 2.50/3.75 x 3.0 = 2.00 atm
9.

From Daltons Law,

pT = pH2O + pliquid = 1.023105 N m-2

2390 + pliquid = 1.023105 N m-2
pliquid = 9.99110 4 N m-2

pliquid V = nliquidRT =
Mliquid =

mliquid
pliquid V

mliquid
Mliquid

RT =

RT

(0.452)(8.314)(20+273)
= 134 g mol-1
4
-6
(9.99110 )(82.010 )

Mr = 134
Optional Question
10.

V/m

Assume ideal behaviour.

For 1 mole, pV = RT
For T < 1073 K i.e. 800 oC,
For 1073 < T < 1083 K,
For T > 1083 K i.e. 810 oC,

R
)T
p
V increases with T.
R
V = 2( )T
p

Straight line
with gradient
= 2(R/p)

Curve with
increasing
gradient

V=(

Straight line
with gradient
= (R/p)

1073 1083

T/K