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"Recurso Especial nº 159.399 - São Paulo (1997/0091539 -5)

Relator: Min. Eliana Calmon
Recte: Caixa Econômica Federal - CEF
Advogado: Maria Ines Salzani Machado Pagianotto e outros
Recdo: Rosângela Bernegozzi
Advogado: Antoni a Leila Inácio de Lima e outros 

EMENTA 

PROCESSO CIVIL - TUTELA ANTECIPADA : ILEGALIDADE. 

1. Os pressupostos para concessão de tutela antecipada (art. 273 do CPC)

não se confundem com o exercício do poder geral de cautela do art. 804 do
CPC. 

2. Concessão de antecipação para realização de depósito acautelatório. 

3. A tutela antecipada é antecipação de efeitos de sentença meritória e

exige presença de direito material. 

4. Recurso especial conhecido e provido. 

ACÓRDÃO 

Vistos, relatados e discutidos estes autos, acórdam os Ministros da

Segunda Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, na conformadade dos votos e
das notas taquigráficas a seguir, por unanimidade, dar provimento ao
recurso especial. Votaram com a Relatora os Ministros Paulo Galloti,
Franciulli Netto, N ancy Andrighi e Francisco Peçanha Martins. 

Brasília - DF, 23 de maio de 2000. 

MINISTRO FRANCISCO PEÇANHA MARTINS 

Presidente 

MINISTRA ELIANA CALMON 

Relatora 

c
RELATÓRIO 

A EXMA. MINISTRA ELIANA CALMON: Trata -se de recurso especial interposto

pela CEF contra acórdão do TRF da 3ª Região assim ementado: 

AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO. CONCESSÃO DE MEDIDA LIMINAR. PODER GERAL DE

CAUTELA. 

I - A liminar é uma providência acautelatória de possíveis danos, decidida

a critério do Juízo, quando relevantes os fundamentos apresen tados, e do
ato atacado resultar a ineficácia da ordem judicial, se afinal concedida. 

II - O Juiz tem o poder geral de cautela, tendo o mesmo livre arbítrio de

suas decisões para conceder ou negar a tutela pretendida e, muito mais
ainda, a tutela provisóri a.

III - Agravo improvido. 

(fl. 140) 

Alega a CEF que, no Juízo de Primeiro Grau, foi concedida liminar a fim de
que mutuário do SFH depositasse as prestações até o julgamento da ação
principal. 

Afirma que o acórdão, ao confirmar a decisão monocrática, quando a

reexaminou via agravo de instrumento, acabou por ferir os artigos 165, 273
e 804 do CPC, ao tempo em que acolheu decisão desfundamentada. 

Também alega que vem cumprindo fielmente o PES/CP, estando a liminar a

contrariar frontalmente os objetivos da antecipação de tutela.

O recurso especial respaldou -se na alínea "a" do permissivo

constitucional. 

Após as contra -razões, foi o especial admitido (fl. 160), subindo a esta
Corte, tendo o MINISTÉRI O PÚBLICO FEDERAL opinado pelo improvimento do
recurso. 

Relatei. 

VOTO 

A EXMA. MINISTRA ELIANA CALMON (RELATORA): 

Na origem, temos ação ordinária com pedido de antecipação de tutela,

providência que não se confunde com a liminar em cautelar. 

Aqui tem-se direito material antecipado, por força de verossimilhança e

prova inequívoca. 

O que se pergunta, entretanto, é quanto à propriedade da antecipação para

efetuar pagamento escalonado, mês a mês, até que se regularize o mútuo. Em
outras palavras, utiliza -se de uma tutela antecipada para efetuação de
depósito. 

Bem analisando o art. 273 do CPC, não vejo como possa prosperar a
antecipação concedida. 

A tutela antecipada , como o próprio nome indica, é tutela cognitiva,

outorgada por liminar antes mesmo de se formar o contraditório. 
—
É óbvia a interpretação, porquanto a tutela antecipada é uma espécie de
adiantamento meritório. 

Diferentemente, em se tratando de cautelar, tem -se a instrumentalidade que

é da própria essência desse tipo de processo, não sendo possível a
conciliação de depósito prévio com a tutela antecipada .

Ademais, como prequestionou a CEF, a tutela antecipada foi concedida de

maneira simplória, sem adequada fundamentação, o que viola o art. 165 do
CPC, que exige fundamentação, ainda que concisa. 

Também aplicou ilegalmente o art. 273 do CPC, quando não era cabível a
antecipação, para efeito de depósito. 

Por fim, de referência ao art. 804 do CPC, entendo que seria o único a ser
utilizado pelo magis trado, cautelar que nada impede seja concedida na ação
principal, quando se tratar de depósito. 

Contudo, acabou o julgador por confundir os conceitos entre tutela

antecipada e juízo cautelar. 

Com essas considerações, conheço do recurso para dar -lhe provime nto e
cassar a tutela antecipada .

É o voto." (DJU de 01/8/2000). 

  

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