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religion
The Society of the Exterminating Angel was popular in restoration
Spain
The restoration was there to purge the sins of the revolution
The Protestant revival was mostly outside of the established Protestant
religions
The Protestant revival could be traced back to German piousness of the
ruling classes
They were capable of evoking mass enthusiasm
Most of these preachers were from poor rural backgrounds
As many as 60% of new clergy in France were from peasant origin
By the 1840s, religion did not have as prominent a role in public life as
it had before
They were reasons for the poor to avoid religion, especially organized
religion
The stated purpose of religion was to maintain the social status quo
Preachers said that inequality was a divine law, that work was
punishment, and that the poor should not strive for material reward in
this life, as they would get their reward later on
Europe
The Brothers Grimm emerged at this time and most of these stories
European continent
The Industrial Revolution was gaining speed in the 1830s
The doctrines of the post-Napoleonic era are based on questions that
modernism
Congress of Vienna, 1815; Quadruple Alliance; Holy Alliance;
regimes of Europe
This does not mean that the ideals of the Revolution were defeated in
communism
Liberalism was the most important political idea and movement of this
period
located
Liberalism today bears almost no resemblance to the 1820s and 30s
Liberals were concerned with social change and stability
Liberals didnt believe the new materials for the new political
emerging liberalism
Liberalism was very cautious to the ideas of the French Revolution,
power
Most of the emerging professions required an education
Many of this new middle class sought noble titles or to marry into
aristocratic families
Many also represent the elite of the new industrial class that emerged
This bourgeois culture would become the dominant culture in the
coming century
The primary goal of the bourgeoisie is getting or taking political power
vote
Different kinds of organizations and pamphlets were the ways that the
define it
The early liberals made it very clear who were the people and who
right to vote
The answer to the concern over these qualifications was, get rich.
The middling orders were the natural representatives of the human
race
The bourgeois voter sought, not only his advance, but the advance of
all society
One liberal German reader, written in 1865, wrote that the lower
anyone acquired
Tyranny could be exercised by the crowd or by the crown
There was a middle ground between autocracy and anarchy
The intention of claiming a private sphere was the protection of
property
Liberalism was the philosophy of the middle class hostile to democracy
Liberals were not out to destroy the elite structure of politics, they
individual
Liberals were hostile to legislation that was more liberal than theirs
nature
They felt any kind of government legislation or assistance to the poor
was misguided
Anything that threatened liberty and hindered social well-being, even
If one segment of workers went on strike and had their wages raised,
whole
These people were known as radicals
They all had a mystical faith in the virtue and wisdom of the common
person
Radicalism of the 19th century was dominated by a portion of the
French Revolution
The basis of radicalism rested on the notion of popular sovereignty
Unlike liberals, radicals were democrats
The people were much broader than the liberals; it composed of all
adult males
The radicals were also republicans, as they opposed monarchy
Radicalism is most prominent in the Italian states in the early 19th
century
Italian radicals described themselves as the party of action
They were willing to take the initiative in politics
They took part in many of the revolutions of the 19th century
They believed that the emerging corporate wealth was danger to
democratic institutions
Giuseppe Mazzini: one of the most influential figures in the emergence
to the nation-state
Mazzini was more closely aligned with nationalism than any other
radical
His nationalism would dominate until the rise of German and Italian
identity
Sovereignty could not reside in humanity, it could only reside in the
individual
Society was created for moral reasons according to Mazzini
It was necessary for the individual conscious and societal conscious to
align
Communitarianism and individuality needed to be melded
Mazzini is unconsciously intending to unite the contradictory ideals of