2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS
PRIVATE LIMITED
Reviewed for general conformance with Contract
drawings and specifications.
ACTION :

1 Approved
2

Approved except as
noted. Forward final
drawing.

Disapproved.

For information/reference
only.

Approved except as

3 noted. Resubmission

Blank

required.
Approval of Contract documents by the Consultant shall
not relieve the Seller of his responsibility for any errors
and fulfilment of Contract requirements.

Design Memorandum For Grounding System

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002
Revision 20

Digitally signed by Shouvik Patari

DN: cn=Shouvik Patari, o=DCPL,
ou=DCPL,
email=shouvikp@in.dclgroup.co
m, c=IN
Date: 2014.01.30 16:08:27 +05'30'

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

POWER SECTOR
PROJECT ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
NOIDA-201301
INDIA

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 0

2
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Date: 19.02.13
02.01.14

INDEX
S. No.

DESCRIPTION

SHEET
NO.

1.

SCOPE

2.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY BELOW GRADE GROUNDING

3-4

3.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING

4-5

4.

REFERENCES

5.

ANNEXURE-A1: CALCULATIONS OF GROUNDING

CONDUCTOR SIZE

6-7

ANNEXUREA2: ETAP REPORT GROUND GRID INPUT

DATA & RESULTS

14
8-10

6.

ANNEXURE-B: MATERIAL AND SIZE DETAILS OF BELOW

GRADE AND ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM
(i) SAMPLE CALCULATION

15-18
11-14

8.

ANNEXURE-C: SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA ANALYSIS

20-21
15-16

9.

ANNEXURE-D: SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST RESULTS

22-26
17-21

~2~

19

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 2

0
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

1.0
1.1

Date: 02.01.14
19.02.13

SCOPE
This document covers the design of below and above grade grounding system for
the main plant area of 2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI.

1.2

The
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

following aspects of below grade grounding system design are covered:

Determination of size of ground conductor.
Establishing the ground grid configuration.
Determination of ground grid resistance.
Check on Step and Touch potential.

1.3

The methodology and material details of above grade grounding system are also
covered in this document.

1.4

The following calculations/ details are not covered in this document:

(a) Grounding for switchyard areas (OPGCL Scope).
(b) Grounding for Coal Handling area / Ash Handling area (CHP & AHP vendor
Scope).
(c) Grounding for plants & facilities not part of Main Plant Package.
Further, interconnection of aux. Plants/ other areas grounding grid with main
plant grounding grid shall be in Customers scope inline with Cl. 2.1.2 below.

2.0

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF BELOW GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM

2.1

Type of grounding

2.1.1

Ground grid of mild steel rod material designed to limit step and touch potentials
within tolerable limits is provided for the Main Power House Area covering
Transformer Yard, TG Building, Boiler area, ESP and ESP Control Room area
covered within this envelope.
Detailed calculations for the above are covered in Annexure-A1 & A2.

2.1.2

Ground grid shall be connected to the 400 kV switchyard ground grid and auxiliary
plant grounding systems through at least two interconnections with test facility.
The interconnecting conductors will be run parallel to and as close as possible to
the interconnecting cable path on pipe cum cable trestle/ duct bank/ trench as
applicable.

2.1.3 Risers with an effective cross sectional area equivalent to below ground earth
conductor are provided from the below ground grounding system for connection
of above ground (equipment) earth leads.
2.1.5

For electronic grounding, one number electronic grounding pit is provided for each
unit and one number electronic grounding pit each for the auxiliary area in BHEL
Scope (where MAX DNA /PLC control panels are located). Only electronic ground
connections are brought to this pit. No other ground connections (i.e. system/
equipment ground connections) are permitted for connection in this pit. For
~3~

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 02

2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Date: 19.02.13
02.01.14

details of electronic grounding, system supplier, BHEL/EDN documentation shall

be referred.
2.1.6

All system neutrals (including neutrals of power transformers), grounding

terminals of EHV surge arrestors and EHV voltage transformers are connected to
two nos. treated test pits, which in turn are connected to the ground grid.

2.1.7

All lightning protection down conductors are connected to dedicated ground

electrodes through isolating links and then to the grounding system.

2.1.8

The sizes of conductors for below grade grounding are tabulated in Annexure-C,
Table-1.

2.2

Design Criteria

2.2.1

Average soil resistivity has been computed based on Soil Resistivity Measurements
(Test results are attached at Annexure-D) furnished by OPGCL as part of Contract
Specification Vol-A: Geo technical Investigation Report.

2.2.2

The size of grounding conductor is based on the maximum ground fault current
value of 50 kA for 1 second, with all below grade joints being welded type. The
minimum rate of corrosion of steel for selection of grounding conductor is
considered as 0.12 mm per year. The grounding grid has been sized for a power
plant life of 40 years.

2.2.3

For a fault located within power station premises, the ground grid design is based
on the maximum fault current that is expected to occur during the design life of
the station. The total ground fault current is contributed by generating station and
transmission/ distribution system. The ground grid layout is based on the larger of
the two i.e. contribution of generating station and contribution of transmission/
distribution system.

3.0

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING

3.1

Type of grounding

3.1.1

A continuous 50 X 6 mm Galvanised flat MS conductor (runway conductor) shall

be installed along all cable trays/ racks, which shall serve as main grounding
conductor for receiving individual ground connections. Taps from runway
conductor are connected to each section of other trays at an interval of about 10
m. The runway conductor is connected to the below grade grounding system at
every available building column within plant buildings, and through risers at
approximately 10 m interval in outdoor trestles/ trenches.

3.1.2

Sub-mat of galvanized conductor of 75 X 10 mm is provided in the floor finish for

connecting the earth leads from various equipment located in the area. This submat is connected to the below grade grounding system at minimum two points
through galvanised flats.
~4~

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System Rev No: 20

2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Date: 02.01.14
19.02.13

3.1.3

75x10 mm galvanised M.S. flats are run as main earth conductor along building
columns / walls and securely fixed to the same by welding / clamping at intervals
not exceeding 750 mm. Connections from runway conductor/submats are made to
the main earth conductor.

3.1.4

Railway tracks are bonded across fish plates and earthed at regular intervals. At
the point where rail track leaves plant area, the rail section is provided with
insulated joint at both ends.

3.1.5

Metallic hand rails, fencing of transformer yard, etc. are connected to the below
ground earthing system. Earthing conductor is buried at least 2000 mm outside
the fence of electrical installations. Every alternate post of the fences and all gates
are connected to earthing grid by one lead.

3.1.6

Each street lighting pole/flood light pole and lighting mast will be grounded by
35x6 mm GS flat, which will be connected to two no. 40 mm dia & 3m long
earthing spike, directly driven into ground at a depth of 1 meter from ground
level. The junction box at each lighting pole is grounded at two (2) points from
two (2) nos. earthing terminals by 16 SWG GI wire. One 16 SWG GI wire shall be
taken upto the junction box from lighting fixtures and connected to grounding
point.

3.1.7

Cable screens and armour (wherever applicable) are earthed at both ends for
multi core cables. For single core cables, the same is done at switchgear end only.

3.1.8

Above grade ground conductor connections are welded except at the equipment
end, where the connections are bolted.

3.1.9

The sizes of conductors for above ground grounding are tabulated in Annexure-C,
Table-2.

3.1.10 Electrodes for lightning protection shall be as per Design memorandum for
Lightning Protection system PE-DC-391-509-E003.
4.0

REFERENCES

4.1

Codes and Standards:

(1) IEEE Std. 80/2000: IEEE Guide for safety in AC substation Grounding.
(2) IEEE Std. 665/1995: IEEE Guide for Generating Station Grounding.
(3) IS 3043: Code of practice for grounding
(4) Indian Electricity Rules 1956
(5) CBIP Manual TR-5

4.2

Project Documents:
(1) Plot Plan, PEM Drg. No.PE-DG-391-100-M001.
(2) Soil Resistivity test report (Annexure-E).

~5~

ANNEXURE- A1

CALCULATION OF GROUNDING CONDUCTOR

SIZE

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

Rev No. 2
00

Design Memorandum For Grounding System

2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

02.01.14
19.02.13

CALCULATION OF GROUNDING CONDUCTOR SIZE

Annexure-A1

As per equation 40 of IEEE-80-2000 cross sectional area of earthing conductor shall be:
A

I x sqrt [ {( tc x r x r x 10 )/ TCAP}/ ln { (K0 + Tm)/ (K0 + Ta)}]

(mm2)=

where,
A=
I=
tc=
r=

Conductor cross section in sq. mm.

Ground fault current (rms) in kA
Time of flow of current
Thermal coefficient of resistivity
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)

=
=
=

r= Ground conductor resistivity

(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)

50 kA
1 sec.
0.00423 deg. C
at 20 deg. C
15 micro-ohm cm

TCAP = Thermal capacity factor in J/cu.cm./ deg.C

= 4.184 x SH X SW
[As per Eq. 39 of IEEE-80-2000]
SH =
SW =
Hence,
TCAP =

Specific heat in Cal/gm/deg. C

(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)
Specific weight in gm/cc
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)

4.184 x 0.114 x 7.86

0.114

7.86

3.749

Tm = Max. allowable temp. =

620 deg. C
(for mild steel as per CBIP manual TR-5)
Ta = Ambient temperature =

50 deg. C

Tr = Reference temperature =

20 deg. C

K0 1

= (1/0.00423) - 20
= 216.41

Substituting these values, the conductor cross section

Since

608.13 sq.mm.

AD

Corresponding Diameter of Conductor

27.83 mm

Minimum rate of corrosion of steel considered

0.12 mm. / yr.

Life for which the Earth Mat is designed

Total corrosion allowance for the expected life of the plant

Thus the Diameter of Conductor with corrosion allowance

The conductor dia selected

=
=
=

40 yrs.
0
0.12 x 2 x 40 mm
9.60 mm.
27.83 + 9.6 mm
37.43 mm
40.00 mm.

Dia of the conductor in metres.

0.04 m.

ANNEXURE- A2

ETAP REPORT GROUND GRID INPUT

DATA & RESULTS

Project:

2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS

Location:

BANHARPALI

Contract:

391

Engineer:

VKS

ETAP
5.5.6C

Study Case:

GRD1

Electrical Transient Analyzer Program

Ground Grid Systems

IEEE Std 80-2000

Number of Ground Conductors:

31

Number of Ground Rods:

60

Total Length of Ground Conductors:

9614.00 m

Total Length of Ground Rods:

180.00 m

Frequency: 50.0
Unit System:

Metric

Project Filename: OPGCL

Page:

Date:

02-01-2014

SN:

BHARATBHEL

Filename: OPGCL

Project:

2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS

Location:

BANHARPALI

Contract:

391

Engineer:

VKS

ETAP
5.5.6C

Study Case:

GRD1

Page:

Date:

02-01-2014

SN:

BHARATBHEL

Filename: OPGCL

Ground Grid Input Data

System Data:
Short-Circuit Current

Freq.
Hz

Ambient
Weight Temp.
C
kg

50.0

50

Total
Fault
Current
kA

50.00

38.880

Fault Duration (Seconds)

X/R

Sf
Division
Factor
%

Cp
Projection
Factor
%

14.00

73.4

100.0

Tf
for
Total Fault
Duration

Tc
for Sizing
Ground
Conductors

1.00

Ts
for
Available
Body Current

1.00

1.00

Soil Data:
Surface Material

Upper Layer Soil

Material Type

Resistivity
m

Clean limestone

3000.0

Depth
m

Resistivity
m

Material Type

0.15

Lower Layer Soil

Moist soil

50.0

Material Constants:

Conductor/Rod

Type

Conductor & Rod

Mild Steel, MS

Conductivity

r Factor
@ 20 C

K0 @

1/C

0 C

10.8

0.00423

216.4

Depth
m

MaterialType

1.00

Moist soil

Resistivity of
Fusing
Ground Conductor
Temperature
@ 20C
C
620.0

.cm
15.00

Rod Data:
Diameter
cm

Length
m

4.000

3.0

No. of
Rods
60

Cost
$/Rod

Arrangement
Rods along Grid Perimeter

0.0

Grid Configuration:

Conductor
Size
mm

Depth
m

1257

1.0

Grid Length m

Number of Conductors

Lx

Ly

in X
Direction

in Y
Direction

in X
Direction

Separation m
in Y
Direction

374.00

264.00

13

18

22.0

22.0

Cost:
Conductor
Total
No.
31

Total Length
m
9614.0

Rod
Cost
$96

Total
No.
60

Total Length
m
180.0

Cost
$1

Total
Cost
$97

Cost
$/m
0.01

Shape: Rectangular

Resistivity
m
50.0

Thermal
Capacity
Per Unit Volume
J/(cm.C)
3.75

Project:

2X660 MW BANHARPALI TPS

Location:

BANHARPALI

Contract:

391

Engineer:

VKS

ETAP
5.5.6C

Study Case:

GRD1

Page:

Date:

02-01-2014

SN:

BHARATBHEL

Filename: OPGCL

Ground Grid Summary Report

Rg
Ground
Resistance
Ohm

GPR
Ground
Potential Rise
Volts

0.076

2209.9

Touch Potential
Tolerable
Volts

Calculated
Volts

519.5

Step Potential
Calculated
%

338.7

Tolerable
Volts

65.2

1730.2

Calculated
Volts

Calculated
%

107.3

6.2

Total Fault Current:

38.880 kA

Reflection Factor (K):

-0.967

Maximum Grid Current:

29.167 kA

Surface Layer Derating Factor (Cs):

0.773

Decrement Factor (Df):

1.022

Grid area is smaller than 6.25 m or greater than 10,000 m

Report of Intermediate Constants for IEEE 80 Methods

- Correction factor for grid geometry regarding touch voltage (Kim):

- Correction factor for grid geometry regarding step voltage (Kis):

- Spacing factor for touch voltage (Km):
- Spacing factor for step voltage (Ks):

2.891
2.891

0.795
0.187

- Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors on the corner mesh (Kii):
- Constants 1 related to the geometry of system (K1):

1.358

- Constants 2 related to the geometry of system (K2):

5.629

1.000

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

page 1

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1
Bus3
400 kV

43.8
3.1

HVCB-1

HVCB-2

T1
810 MVA

8.89

Bus1
21 kV

7 kV

T2
810 MVA

Bus2
21 kV

62.07

Gen Unit#1
660 MW

Jan 02, 2014

Project File: OPGCL

7 kV
8.89

62.07

GCB-1

14:21:09

50.0

3.1

GCB-2

Gen Unit#2
660 MW

kA

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

page 1

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1
Bus3
400 kV

244.

25.89
9.4

HVCB-2

T1
810 MVA

8.88

Bus1
21 kV

T2
810 MVA

kV

Bus2
21 kV

Gen Unit#1
660 MW

Jan 02, 2014

Project File: OPGCL

kV
8.88

0
0

GCB-1

14:21:44

44.6
6

9.4

HVCB-1

GCB-2

Gen Unit#2
660 MW

V
39 k

kA

One-Line Diagram - OLV1 (Short-Circuit Analysis)

page 1

U1
30346 MVAsc

Grid1
Bus3
400 kV

252.

28.54
10.36

NO
HVCB-1

Bus1
21 kV

T2
810 MVA

Bus2
21 kV

kV
9.05

0
0

GCB-1

Gen Unit#1
660 MW

14:22:54

Jan 02, 2014

38.8
8

HVCB-2

T1
810 MVA

Project File: OPGCL

GCB-2

Gen Unit#2
660 MW

6 kV

kA

ANNEXURE- B

MATERIAL AND SIZE DETAILS OF BELOW GRADE

AND ABOVE GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM

Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Rev No. 2
0

02.01.14
19.02.13
Annexure-B:
Material and Size Details Of Below Grade & Above Grade Grounding System
TABLE-1: BELOW GRADE GROUNDING SYSTEM - CONDUCTOR SIZES

SL. NO.

TITLE

MATERIAL

SIZE

MS ROD

40 MM. DIA

GALVANISED MS
FLAT

75X10

MAIN STATION GROUNDING

GRID

EARTH CONDUCTOR IN
CONCRETE FLOOR

ELECTRODES IN TEST PITS

MS ROD

40 MM. DIA

ELECTRODES FOR
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
DOWN CONDUCTORS

MS ROD

40 MM. DIA

OTHER ELECTRODES

MS ROD

40 MM. DIA

Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Rev No. 2
0

02.01.14
19.02.13
Annexure-B:
Material and Size Details Of Below Grade & Above Grade Grounding System
TABLE-2: ABOVE GROUND EARTHING SYSTEM - CONDUCTOR SIZES

SL.NO.

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT

SIZE (MM)

MATERIAL

NO. OF LEADS

RISERS

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

N.A.

SUB-MAT BURIED IN FLOOR

FINISH

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

N.A.

50 x 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT
GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT
GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

N.A.

RUNWAY CONDUCTOR/ MAIN

EARTH LEAD ALONG COLUMNS
11 kV/3.3 kV/ 415 V
SWITCHGEAR / MCC
SYSTEM NEUTRALS

415 V DISTRIBUTION BOARDS

50 x6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

FUSE DISTRIBUTION BOARDS

50 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

11 kV & 3.3 kV MOTORS

50 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 90 KW

50 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

10

415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 30 KW &

35 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

11

415 V MOTORS : ABOVE 5 KW

& UPTO 30 KW
415 V MOTORS : UPTO 5.5 KW

25 X 3

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT
GI WIRE

TWO

35 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

8 SWG

GI WIRE

TWO

50 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

13

75 X 10
75 X 10

8 SWG

TWO
TWO

TWO

14

CONTROL PANEL & CONTROL

DESK

15

PUSH BUTTON STATION &

JUNCTION BOX

16

CABLE TRAYS

17

BUS DUCT ENCLOSURES

a)

ISOLATED PHASE BUS DUCT

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

b)

SEGREGATED PHASE/ NON

SEGREGATED PHASE BUS
DUCT

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

Doc. No. PE-DC-381-509-E002

Design Memorandum For Grounding System
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Rev No. 2
0

02.01.14
19.02.13
Annexure-B:
18

RAILS & METAL PARTS, FENCE

35 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

ONE

19

TRANSFORMER TANKS/
RADIATORS

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

20

GENERATOR ENCLOSURE

75 X 10

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

21

WELDING OUTLETS 3-PHASE

RECEPTACLES

35 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

22

LOCAL PANELS, LIGHTING

POLES

35 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

23

LIGHTING FIXTURES,SINGLE PHASE RECEPTACLES

16 SWG

GI WIRE

ONE

24

LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION
BOARDS

50 X 6

GALVANISED
STEEL FLAT

TWO

SAMPLE CALCULATION
1.0

TYPICAL SIZING CALCULATION FOR EARTHING CONDUCTORS OF PLANT AUXILIARIES

1.01 NEUTRAL & ENCLOSURE EARTHING OF GENERATOR TRANSFORMER, STATION

TRANSFORMER, LT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER, LT BUSDUCT, LT PCC/PMCC

A=
I=
tc =
A=

0.01216 I

tc

( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

40000.00 Amperes
1.00 Sec
486.40 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.02 11 kV EQUIPMENT

A=
I=
tc =
A=

0.01216 I

tc

( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

40000.00 Amperes
1.00 Sec
486.40 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.03 11 KV/ 3.3 KV/ 415 V SWITCHGEAR , MCCS

A=
I=
tc =
A=

0.01216 I

tc

( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

50000.00 Amperes
1.00 Sec
608.00 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.04 RISER, SUB-MAT

A=
I=
tc =
A=

0.01216 I

tc

( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )

50000.00 Amperes
1.00 Sec
608.00 Square mm

Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

1.05 SYSTEM NEUTRAL

The maximum system neutral fault current is 50 kA of the 415 system, so that will be considered for
calculations.
A= 0.01216 I t c
( As per equation 33 of IEEE-80-2000 )
I=
50000.00 Amperes
tc =
1.00 Sec
A=
608.00 Square mm
Hence the Size chosen 65 x 10 mm is adequate

ANNEXURE- C

SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA ANALYSIS

Doc. No. PE-DC-391-509-E002

GROUNDING SYSTEM DESIGN MEMORANDUM
2x660 MW IB TPS (UNIT-3 & 4), BANHARPALLI

Annexure-C: Soil Resistivity Data Analysis

ERT NO.

AVERAGE SOIL RESISTIVITY (IN

OHM METER) AT 2 METER DEPTH

ERT 1

21.100

ERT 2

21.850

ERT 3

23.110

ERT 4

21.350

ERT 5

20.220

ERT 6

21.850

ERT 7

26.870

ERT 8

26.250

ERT 9

24.860

10

ERT 10

25.240

Net Average Resistivity (Ohm-m) at 2 M depth

23.270

Sl. No.

Since the below grade earthing system is to be laid at a depth of 1M.

Soil resitivity value considered after taking suitable margin of over
100% = 50 (Ohm-m)

12 of 17

Rev No. 02
01
Date:19.02.13
02.01.14

ANNEXURE- D

SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST RESULTS

- ,.,.n crn.

51. No.

ERT No.

Location

Spacing in M'tr.

2.00

1.98

2486.88

3.00

1.32

2486.88

0.93

2336. 16

6.00

0.48

1808. 64

8,00

0.21

1055.04

-2.00

2.0i

2524 .56

3.00

1. 8 2

3428. 88

4 .00

1.4 5

3642.40

6.0 0

0. 95

3579.60

8 .0 0

0. 3 5

1758.40

Resistance fn

9.00

Cooli ng Tower
,Area

4.00
-

10

10.00

Panel Bui ldin g

Area

'.(1

Mtr.

'Resistivity In

'~
~

"

"., ~.

114

OPGC

SWAYIN & ASSOCJ.ATES

,, '-~7Sjlir

'

SI. No.

ERT No.

Location

Spacing In Mtr.

Reslstarice In
' 5

Mtr.

Resistivity in

n cm.

I
I

2.1 4

2. 00

2687.84

7.0.0

SWitch ya rd
Area

.-..

i .-~

.
S '

.....

.....

8.00

Sw itchyard
Area

3.00

1.12

21 10 .08

4.00

. 0.76

1909 .12

6 .00

0. 32

1205.76

8 ..00

0.0 7

351.68

2.00

2.09

2625.04

3.00

1.03

1940.52

4.00

0.68

1708.16

6.00

0.28

1055.04

8.00

0.06

cr.I

--

301.44
-

113

OPG.C

SWAYIN &. ASSOCIATES

.. ',,-, , . . _ '

I151. No.
.
1

ERT No.

Location

Spacing. hi Mtl'.

4; 00

5.00

TG Suilding
Area

Boller Area

t{esisthiity In n em.

Resistance Ii, n Nt-r;

. 5

I
~

(;

2 ..00

1.70

2135.20

3.00

0.85

1601 .40

4.00 .

0.30

753.60

6.00

0.07

263.76

. 8.00

0.00

0.00

2 .00

1.61

2022. 16

3;0'0

0.79

1488.36

4.00

0. 29

728.48

6. 00 .

0.04

8. 00 .

0.00

0.00

.-;
. .,

2.00

1. 74

21 85 .44

3. 00

0. 98

1846 .32

.. ;
..,',
'I: '"

4.. 00

0.47

11 80.64

6. 00

0.19

715.92

8.00

0.02

100.48

. - '

150.72
.r' ' ''
~,,,,

6.0 0

Bo ner Area

- ----

112
OF'GC
..... - -~-.-"'----~.-.-. --.-. . . --- .- -... --.---- -:-.,.-~ ..,.__if.,

'

IA~ULAIIQ~ QF 5QIL. Br;~15TIVITY

51. No.

ERT No.

Location

Spacing in Mtr.

Resistance in
I

2.00

3.00
1

1..00

........

2.00

Resistivity in

n em.

1.68

2110.08

1582.56

0.84
0.26

6 53.12

0.06

22 6.08

8.00

0.00

0.00

2.00

1.74

21 85.44

3.00

0.92

1733.28

4.00

0.41

1029. 92

6.00

-0.12

4 5.2 .16

8.00

0. 00

0 .00

2. 00

'1.84

231 1.04

3 .00

1. 1 3

2 128.9 2

4.00

0 .77

1934 .24

6 .00

0 .4 1

1544. 88

0 .09

452.16

4.00
6.00

n Mtr.

Transformer
Area

Transformer
Area

.-

3.00

TG Building

Area

8 .00
--

OPGC

111

SWAYIN & ASSOCIATES