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on diferencial:
x2 y 00 x(1 + x)y 0 + y = 0
1. Si se sabe que x = 0 es un punto singular regular de la ED, utilice el metodo de Frobenius para
X
hallar una soluci
on de la ecuac
on anterior de la forma y1 (x) =
an xn+r . Luego verifique que
n=0
y2 = y1 (x) ln(x) +
bn xn+r
n=1
an xn+r
n=0
Por lo tanto:
0
y (x) =
an (n + r)xn+r1
n=0
y 00 (x) =
an (n + r)(n + r 1)xn+r2
n=0
n=0
an (n + r)xn+r1 +
n=0
an xn+r = 0
n=0
an (n + r)(n + r 1)xn+r2 (x + x2 )
n=0
X
n=0
an (n + r)(n + r 1)xn+r
n=0
an (n + r)xn+r
n=0
an (n + r)(n + r 1)xn+r
n=0
an (n + r)xn+r
n=0
an xn+r = 0
n=0
an (n + r)xn+r+1 +
an xn+r = 0
n=0
n=0
an (n + r)xn+r1 +
{z
se modifica ndices
an1 (n + r 1)xn+r +
n=1
an xn+r = 0
n=0
n=1
an (n + r)xn+r
n=1
an1 (n + r 1)xn+r + a0 xr +
n=1
X
n=1
an xn+r = 0
Es decir:
a0 r(r 1)xr a0 rxr + a0 xr +
an (n + r)(n + r 1)xn+r
n=1
an (n + r)xn+r
n=1
an1 (n + r 1)xn+r +
n=1
an xn+r = 0
n=1
Agrupando:
a0 (r(r 1) r + 1)xr +
n=1
1
a0 , para n 1, por lo tanto, si a0 = 1, una solucion de la ED es:
n!
y1 (x) = xr
an xn = x
n=0
Adem
as, recuerde que
X
1 n
x
n!
n=0
X
1 n
x = ex Por lo que, otra forma de escribir la solucion y1 es:
n!
n=0
y1 (x) = xex
bn xn+1
n=1
y1 (x) X
+
bn (n + 1)xn
x
n=1
bn (n + 1)nxn1
x
x2
n=1
y 0 (x) y1 (x) X
+2 1
+
bn (n + 1)nxn1
x
x2
n=1
y1 (x) X
+
bn (n + 1)xn
(x + x2 ) y10 (x) ln(x) +
x
n=1
+y1 (x) ln(x) +
bn xn+1 = 0
n=1
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n=1
n=1
bn (n + 1)xn+1
bn (n + 1)xn+2
n=1
bn xn+1 = 0
n=1
Como y1 es soluci
on de la ED, entonces: x2 y100 (x) xy10 (x) x2 y10 (x) + y1 (x) = 0, entonces la u
ltima
expresi
on se escribe como:
(
((
(ln(x)
xy
(x)
y1 (x)
(10(
(
((
2(
((
x(
y10 (x)
ln(x) xy1 (x)
(
n=1
bn (n + 1)xn+1
bn (n + 1)xn+2
n=1
X
(( +
((
+y(
ln(x)
bn xn+1 = 0
1 (x)
(
n=1
Es decir:
2xy10 (x) y1 (x) +
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n=1
y1 (x)
xy1 (x)
n=1
bn (n + 1)xn+1
bn (n + 1)xn+2
n=1
bn xn+1 = 0
n=1
X
n + 1 n X 1 n+1 X
x
x
+
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n!
n!
n=0
n=1
n=0
X
1 n+1 X
x
bn (n + 1)xn+1
n!
n=1
n=0
X
1 n+1 X
x
bn (n + 1)xn+2
n!
n=1
n=0
bn xn+1 = 0
n=1
Es decir:
X
n + 1 n+1 X 1 n+1 X
2
x
x
+
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n!
n!
n=0
n=0
n=1
X
1 n+1 X
bn (n + 1)xn+1
x
n!
n=1
n=0
X
1 n+2 X
x
bn (n + 1)xn+2
n!
n=0
n=1
bn xn+1 = 0
n=1
X
n + 1 n+1 X 1 n+1 X
2
x
x
+
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n!
n!
n=0
n=1
n=0
X
1 n+1 X
x
bn (n + 1)xn+1
n!
n=0
n=1
X
1
xn+1
bn1 nxn+1
(n
1)!
n=1
n=2
X
n=1
bn xn+1 = 0
Por lo tanto:
2x + 4x2 +
X
X
X
n + 1 n+1
1 n+1
2
x
x
x x2
+ 2b1 x2 +
bn (n + 1)nxn+1
n!
n!
n=2
n=2
n=2
x x2
X
X
1 n+1
x
2b1 x2
bn (n + 1)xn+1
n!
n=2
n=2
x2
X
1
xn+1
bn1 nxn+1
(n
1)!
n=2
n=2
+b1 x +
bn xn+1 = 0
n=2
Agrupamos:
X
2
1
n+1
+ bn (n + 1)n bn (n + 1)
bn1 n + bn xn+1 = 0
(1 + b1 )x +
2
n!
n!
(n 1)!
n=2
2
Concluimos que:
1 + b1 = 0
1
bn1 n + bn = 0
bn (n + 1)n bn (n + 1) +
(n 1)!
Es decir:
b1 = 1
bn [(n + 1)n (n + 1) + 1] =
1
+ bn1 n
(n 1)!
Lo que es igual a:
1
bn =
n
1
+ bn1
n!
3
4
11
=
36
25
=
288
137
=
7200
=
X
1 n
3 2 11 3
25 4
y2 = x
x
ln(x) + x x x x
x
n!
4
36
288
n=0