Freshhh2016 MOiL Tycoon

Game Rules
Game concept
The Freshhh2016 MOiL Tycoon is a turn-based strategic game aiming to give an overview of how an
integrated oil company operates. You are the managers of the downstream division of a well-established
oil company, the Freshhhian Oil Company with a diversified downstream portfolio continuously seeking
new opportunities to improve the profitability of your refinery. Your aim is to prove that you are the best
managers by making the right decisions to operate and expand your refinery in an optimal way. Your
goal is to generate maximum amount of cash at the end of the game. As there are no hydrocarbon
reserves in the country in which you operate, the company does not invest in upstream activities.

Timing
Contestants are going to play for 10 turns. 1 turn in the game means 24 hours in the real world, so every
24 hours at 12:00 (GMT), there is going to be a turn change. However, during the 4 Test Rounds each
turn lasts 12 hours, so turn changes are carried out at 12:00 and 00:00 (GMT). The results of the actual
round, financial accounting and the effects of decision-making are only shown when a turn change
occurs.

Financing
You start the game with 4000 million Freshhh Dollar (F$) of cash at hand and your main source of
income is the operation of your refinery. Additionally you have a revolving credit of 5000 million F$ total
at 10% interest rate. You can use this credit option to finance 60% of your feedstock and Capital
Expenditure (CAPEX) investments. In case of CAPEX type investments the total amount of credit is
taken up in the first year of construction, so its distribution is not uniform during the years of building.
There are other expenses such as Operational Expenditure (OPEX) which is covered from the amount
of cash generated at the turn change when income from products flows in. If the cash generated is not
enough to cover all your expenses, extra credit is taken automatically with the interest rate of 30%.
/NOTE! Every screenshots and figures in the Game Rules are only samples. Actual view is always in the
online game only./

THE REFINERY
The refinery will be operable from the beginning of the game.
Gasoline and diesel product lines have already been built.
By clicking on each unit on the wide 3D view, you can take a look at a closer 360 panorama view with
a short description.

The refinery will be operable from the beginning of the game. Gasoline and diesel product lines have
already been built.
The following units are operational:
Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
Crude Oli Storage
Light Naphtha Hydrotreater (LNHT)
Heavy Naphtha Hydrotreater (HNHT)
Light Naphtha Isomerisation (LNI)
CCR Reformer Unit
Gas Oil Hydrotreater (GOHT)
The refinery uses two types of crude which are bought from the market. The type of crude and utilization
rate can be set by adjusting the imported crude amounts, however, there have been only recent test
runs in the refinery concerning the usage of Freshhh Crude Blend (FCB), thus the operation of assets
are only optimized for modes when specific ratios of the two crudes are processed. Due to the limitations
of technological processes, the annual refinery utilization rate cannot be less than 60%.

Playing the game

In each turn you have to make decisions to optimize the operation of your refinery.
Your challenges are the following:
choose the type of crude or their ratio in case of processing both types (Freshhh Crude Blend
(FCB) and Oildorado Spirit (ODS)).
alter the path of different refinery streams by splitters (S1-S6, B1-B6)

choose catalyst for HDS/MHC Unit (see later)

choose catalyst for FCC Unit (see later)
import crude and pay back credit at HQ (see later)
construct new units (see below)
store crude oil (see later)
Along the way, you can construct new facilities to keep up the competitiveness of your company and to
fulfill the environmental regulations and product qualities. In the Test Rounds all technologies are
available from the start. You can see your contruction opportunities in the following table:

Plant

from 2016

from 2018

from 2020

from 2022

DCU

not available

not available

available

available

HPP

available

available

available

available

Claus Unit

available

available

available

available

not available

not available

available

available

BBU

Plant availability for construction

5

You can reach the Construction panel by clicking on Development. You can make decisions about the
necessary developments here.

Utilities
The operation of the refinery consumes certain utilities that are calculated proportional to the feed. All
utilities can be bought from the market, but some of them can be also produced. If excess is produced
it cannot be sold.
Fuel gas/Natural gas: to produce the energy consumed in the process of heating up the materials to
the required temperature fuel gas or natural gas is burnt in furnaces. Some units produce fuel gas but
that may only be occasionally sufficient for the refinery. The amount of fuel gas not covered by
production is bought from the market as natural gas. Natural gas and fuel gas are the feed of the
Hydrogen Plant. The heating value is the same for the produced fuel gas from all refinery units and the
natural gas: 50 GJ/t. If more fuel gas is produced in the refinery units than consumed, the excess fuel
gas is burnt on the refinery flares.
Electricity: mainly intended to propel the pumps and move the feed and products, but used also for
light and for supplying control systems.
Cooling water: used in cooling processes for condensation and temperature control.

Steam: used for technological processes, heating and stripping. Some units produce more steam than
the necessary amount for operation. It is indicated by a negative value in steam consumption. If a unit
produces steam, the excess steam is redirected to other units for usage, but it cannot be sold on the
market. If the amount of produced steam is not sufficient, the necessary amount is bought from the
market.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen is used in hydrotreater and isomerisation units. The price of the hydrogen varies
in time. Hydrogen can be produced or bought from the market. In the first part of the game external
hydrogen is purchased for 5000 F$/t, but starting from 2019 the hydrogen price increases dramatically
to 20000 F$/t (due to the availability from a different supplier). In the Test Rounds Hydrogen price
remains unchanged throughtout the years. In case more hydrogen is produced in Reformer Unit than
needed for refinery processes, the excess of hydrogen is burnt on the refinery flares.
Catalyst: As a simplification, catalyst expenses are calculated as utility, except the HDS/MHC unit (see
Chapter HDS/MHC Unit). Catalyst price is specified for each unit.
UTILITY (UOM)

Price

Fuel gas (F$/GJ)

10.5

Electricity (F$/MWh)

87

Cooling water (F$/1000 m3 )

97

Steam (F$/GJ)

12.6

Utility prices
Consumed hydrogen is not calculated in the feed, but it appears in the product. That is why hydrogen
consuming units have an overall yield over 100%.

PROCESSES IN THE REFINERY

Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
The first step in a refinery is the distillation of crude into different fractions. Lighter compounds are
separated in the predistillation and main (atmospheric) distillation columns. Heavy compounds have to
be distilled in a vacuum distillation column. The products of CDU are further processed in different
refinery units. The maximum capacity of the CDU is 10000 kt/year. We would like to put emphasis on
the fact that Fuel gas is used by the refinery for heating, and it is not shown in the final product summary
(the final balance may lack a few kt-s of product). As you can see there are two types of crudes that can
be processed. The yields in case of processing pure and mixed crudes are given in the table below.

Crude properties

FCB

ODS

API gravity ()

31.32

28.20

Sulphur content (%)

1.45

1.45

12

13

Watson factor

Product
Fuel gas
LPG
Light
naphtha
Medium
naphtha
Heavy
naphtha
Kerosene
Light
atmospheric
gas oil
Heavy
atmospheric
gas oil
Light
vacuum gas
oil
Heavy
vacuum gas
oil

FCB
Yield
(wt%)
0.34
0.99

30-70 (wt%)

50-50 (wt%)

70-30
(wt%)

0.38
1.13

0.4
1.22

0.47
1.31

ODS
Yield
(wt%)
0.52
1.44

5.51

5.61

5.67

5.73

5.83

1.64

1.56

1.51

1.46

1.38

8.88

8.49

8.24

7.98

7.59

7.53

7.17

6.93

6.68

6.32

13.95

12.84

12.1

11.36

10.25

To GOHT or for sale

as Heating oil

6.18

5.88

5.68

5.47

5.17

To GOHT or for sale

as Heating oil

9.04

8.65

8.39

8.12

7.73

To GOHT or for sale

as Heating oil

26.61

27.26

27.69

28.12

28.77

To HDS/MHC or for
sale as Light fuel oil

Product destination
Used for heating
For sale
To LNHT or for sale
as Virgin naphtha
To HNHT or for sale
as Virgin naphtha
To HNHT or for sale
as Virgin naphtha
For sale

Slop wax

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

Vacuum
residue

15.83

17.53

18.67

19.8

21.50

Losses

0.50

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.50

To DCU or to BBU or
for sale as Heavy fuel
oil
To DCU or to BBU or
for sale as Heavy fuel
oil

Products of the Crude Distillation Unit in case of FCB and ODS

For the conversion from barrels to tons the following equation is used:
= 1 [

141.5
0.159 ]
+ 131.5

OPEX
Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

669

Electricity (MWh/kt)

7.3

Cooling water (m3/t)

3.5

Steam (GJ/kt)

-28

Utility consumption of the Crude Distillation Unit

Light Naphtha Hydrotreater (LNHT)

The crudes sulphur content appears in its fractions in different quantities. Usually it is a rule of thumb
that the heavier the hydrocarbon fraction the higher the concentration of sulphurous components is.
Sulphur content has to be removed to fulfil environmental and quality regulations. Sulphur is removed
by a catalytic process called hydrotreating or hydrodesulphurization.

Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

2.12

Used for heating

LPG

4.00

For sale

Light naphtha

93.88

To LNI Unit

H2S

0.01

Burnt or to Claus Unit

Losses

0.19

Products of the Light Naphtha Hydrotreater

OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

Consumption
400

Electricity (MWh/kt)

Cooling water (m3/t)

12

Catalyst (F$/kt)

250

Hydrogen (wt% of feed)

0.2

Utility consumption of the Light Naphtha Hydrotreater

10

Heavy Naphtha Hydrotreater (HNHT)

The Heavy Naphta Hydrotreater is very similar to the LNHT. Since heavy naphtha contains slightly more
sulphur, desulphurization requires higher temperature and/or pressure and more hydrogen.
Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

0.44

Used for heating

Heavy naphtha

99.56

CCR Reformer

H2S

0.10

Burnt or to Claus Unit

Losses

0.20

Products of the Heavy Naphtha Hydrotreater

OPEX
Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

300

Electricity (MWh/kt)

Cooling water (m3/t)

Catalyst (F$/kt)

200

Hydrogen (wt% of feed)

0.3

Utility consumption of the Heavy Naphtha Hydrotreater

Light Naphtha Isomerisation Unit (LNI)

Desulphurized naphtha is not adequate for motor gasoline (mogas). The light naphtha fraction, which
mostly contains pentanes and hexanes, has aresearch octane number (RON) of around 70.
Isomerization of this stream can improve its octane number, reaching a good motor octane number
(MON) without increasing olefinic and aromatics content.
Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

1.60

Used for heating

Isomerate

81.36

Gasoline Blending or Base Gasoline

Residue

17.94

For sale as Virgin Naphtha

Losses

0.10

Products of the Light Naphtha Isomerisation Unit

11

OPEX
Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

3000

Electricity (MWh/kt)

40

Cooling water (m3/t)

25

Catalyst (F$/kt)

500

Hydrogen (wt% of feed)

Utility consumption of the Light Naphtha Isomerisation Unit

CCR Reformer
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert refinery naphthas typically having low octane
ratings into high-octane liquid products called reformates which are components of high-octane motor
gasoline. Basically, the process re-arranges or re-structures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha
feedstock into aromatic components as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules.
The overall effect is that the product reformate contains hydrocarbons with more complex molecular
shapes having higher octane values than the hydrocarbons in the naphtha feedstock. While doing so,
the process separates hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbon molecules and produces significant
amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas. This byproduct may be used in a number of the other processes
involved in a modern petroleum refinery.

Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

6.26

Used for heating

LPG

4.06

For sale

Reformate

86.30

Gasoline Blending or Base Gasoline

Hydrogen

3.28

Used for hydrotreating processes and isomerisation

Losses

0.10
Products of the CCR Reformer

OPEX
Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

4028

Electricity (MWh/kt)

127.5

Cooling water (m3/t)

18.8

Catalyst (F$/kt)

670

Utility consumption of the CCR Reformer

12

Gas Oil Hydrotreater (GOHT)

Sulphur content of Diesel is also regulated very strictly. To produce marketable diesel fuel, a Gas Oil
Hydrotreater Unit is necessary to remove sulphur content.
Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

0.56

Used for heating

LPG

0.77

For sale

Naphtha

7.84

For sale as Virgin naphtha

GOHT Gas oil

90.33

To Diesel Blender of for sale as Base gas oil

H2S

1.05

Burnt or to Claus Unit

Losses

0.2
Products of the Gas Oil Hydrotreater

OPEX
Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

290

Electricity (MWh/kt)

17

Cooling water (m3/t)

5.2

Catalyst (F$/kt)

200

Hydrogen (wt% of feed)

0.75

Utility consumption of the Gas Oil Hydrotreater

13

Hydrodesulphurization / Mild Hydrocracker Unit (HDS/MHC)

The aim of a HDS/MHC Unit is to pretreat the feed of the FCC Unit. It is similar to hydrotreating, but
operates on higher pressure and temperature. With the proper selection of HDS/MHC catalyst moderate
flexibility can be achieved in the refinerys product portfolio.
Two catalyst packages are available to choose from:
HDS catalyst: Removes significant amount of sulphur with low hydrocarbon conversion.
MHC catalyst: Removes significant amount of sulphur and converts a larger amount of heavy
components into more valuable light hydrocarbons, mainly gas oil.

Yield in HDS mode

Yield in HDS/MHC mode

(wt%)

(wt%)

Fuel gas

0.40

0.76

Used for heating

LPG

0.20

0.25

For sale

Naphtha

2.58

3.80

For sale as Virgin naphtha

HDS Gas oil

13.89

21.43

80.75

71.78

H2S

2.58

2.58

Losses

0.60

0.60

Product

HDS
Raffinate

Product destination

To Diesel blender or sale as Base

gas oil
To FCC Unit, or for sale as Light
fuel oil
Burnt or to Claus Unit

Products of the HDS/MHC Unit

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

280

Electricity (MWh/kt)
3

36

Cooling water (m /t)

4.3

Steam (GJ/kt)

245

HDS Catalyst (MMF$/charge)*

3.65

MHC Catalyst (MMF$/charge)*

6.1

Hydrogen (wt% of feed)

1.0 (1.2 in MHC mode)

Utility consumption of the HDS/MHC Unit

14

*Both catalyst types' lifetime is 2 years, after this period the catalyst has to be changed, otherwise the
unit stops operating. Catalysts have to be ordered a year prior to the change! The construction cost of
the newly built HDS/MHC unit involves the selected type of catalyst, by which the unit can start its
operation in the first 2 years. You do not have to wait 2 years if you would like to change the catalyst,
you can do that each year but of course ordering has to be done one year prior to change too.

A yellow pulsing triangle indicates that it is necessary to purchase the catalyst.

If there is no purchase, the operation of the unit will stop next year.

15

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCC)

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a conversion process used in refineries. It is widely used to convert
the high molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases
and other products.
The FCC process vaporizes and breaks the long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquids
into much shorter molecules by contacting the feedstock at high temperature and moderate pressure
with a fluidized powdered catalyst.
In effect, refineries use fluid catalytic cracking to correct the imbalance between the market demand for
gasoline and the excess of heavy, high boiling range products resulting from the distillation of crude oil.
There are two modes of FCC Unit to run:
Gasoline mode: In this case the catalyst used results high gasoline yield
Olefinic mode: The olefin (mainly propylene) yield is high, however, the gasoline yield is significantly
lower due to the higher intensity of cracking mechanisms.
There is only negligible difference between the utility consumption of FCC in the two operation modes,
only the catalyst price differs. The mode can be selected in the year of operation in the FCC panel
annually. If no selection takes place the settings are inherited from the previous year.

Yield in gasoline mode

Yield in petchem

(wt%)

mode (wt%)

Fuel gas

4.08

4.58

Used for heating

Propylene

5.85

9.34

For sale

LPG

14.04

18.54

For sale

49.19

40.26

FCC LCO

13.72

13.72

HCO

3.00

3.00

For sale as Light fuel oil

MCB

4.48

4.48

For sale as Heavy fuel oil

Losses

5.64

6.08

Product

FCC
Gasoline

Product destination

To Gasoline Blending or for sale

as Base gasoline
To Diesel Blending or for sale as
Heating oil

Products of the FCC Unit

16

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption in gasoline mode Consumption in petchem mode

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

160

160

Electricity (MWh/kt)

50

50

Cooling water (m3/t)

25

25

Steam (GJ/kt)

-250

-250

Catalyst (F$/kt)

630

786

Utility consumption of the FCC Unit

Delayed Coker Unit (DCU)

Delayed Coking is a thermal process in which the vacuum residue from crude distillation is converted
into lighter components and coke. The feed is heated in a furnace then confined in a reaction zone or
coke drum under proper operating conditions of temperature and pressure until the unvaporized portion
of the furnace effluent is converted to vapor and coke. Vapor is fractionated into different products.

Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas

3.80

Used for heating

Propylene

1.91

For sale

LPG

2.45

For sale

Naphtha

9.41

To HNHT

DC Gas oil

19.48

To GOHT or for sale as Heating oil

Heavy coker gas oil (HCGO)

36.05

To HDS/MHC or for sale as Light fuel oil

Coke

26.03

For sale

Losses

0.87
Products of the DC Unit

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

1150

Electricity (MWh/kt)
3

26.5

Cooling water (m /t)

0.5

Steam (GJ/kt)

500

Utility consumption of the DC Unit

17

Total Investment Cost: 550 MMF$

Construction time:

3 years

Cost distribution:

1st year:

40%

2nd year

40%

3rd year

20%

18

Bitumen Blowing Unit (BBU)

Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum flashing of an
atmospheric residue. This is straight run" bitumen. The physical properties of asphalts may further be
modified by 'air blowing'. This is an oxidation process which involves the blowing of air through the
asphalts, either on a batch or a continuous basis. Maximum capacity of the BBU is 400 kt/year.
Product Yield (wt%) Product destination
Bitumen

98.00

Losses

2.00

For sale

Products of the BBU

19

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

385

Electricity (MWh/kt)

16

Cooling water (m3/t)

Steam (GJ/kt)

130

Utility consumption of the BBU

Total Investment Cost: 50 MMF$
Construction time:

2 years

Cost distribution:

1st year:

60%

2nd year

40%

Hydrogen Production Plant (HPP)

Hydrogen is required in refineries for hydrotreating processes, to remove sulfur, nitrogen and other
impurities from hydrotreater feed. A limited quantity of hydrogen is produced in the catalytic reforming
of naphthas, but generally the quantity is insufficient to meet the requirements of the refinery. Hydrogen
is produced by the steam reforming of natural gas, which is bought from the market or consumed from
the refinery fuel gas pool as a simplification.

20

The throughput of the HPP is always determined by the demand of hydrotreaters. If maximum capacity
is reached, excess hydrogen is automatically bought from the market.

Product

Yield (wt%) Product destination

Hydrogen

24.10

Losses

75.90

Used for hydrotreating processes and isomerisation

Products of the HPP

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)*

7850

Electricity (MWh/kt)
3

Cooling water (m /t)

55.5
10.6

Steam (GJ/kt)

-1900

Catalyst (F$/kt)

1600

Utility consumption of the HPP

*Specific fuel consumption does not contain the feed natural gas of HPP.

21

Total Investment Cost:

Before constructing the unit, you can choose between different maximum capacities at the top right part
of the panel. You can see your options in the table below. After your initial choice, there is no possibility
to expand capacity, so choose carefully!
Feed capacity (kt/year)

CAPEX (MMF$)

20

36

40

63

60

86

80

108

100

129

120

149

140

168

160

187

180

205

200

225

220

240

240

260

260

275

280

290

300

305

320

325

340

340

360

355

380

370

400

385

Construction time:

2 years

Cost distribution:

1st year:

60%

2nd year

40%

22

Claus Unit

Most crude oils contain varying amounts of sulfur. Hydrotreating various distillates from these crudes
generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is converted to elemental sulfur in the Claus Unit to minimize
atmospheric pollution. In the absence of sulfur recovery, the only option would be to burn this gas in
refinery furnaces, releasing huge amounts of sulfur-dioxide into the atmosphere.
The throughput of the Claus Unit is always determined by the H 2S production of the hydrotreaters.
Product Yield (wt%) Product destination
Sulphur

80.70

Losses

19.30

For sale

Products of the Claus Unit

OPEX & CAPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt)

745

Electricity (MWh/kt)

92

Cooling water (m3/t)

37

Steam (GJ/kt)

-3200

Catalyst (F$/kt)

1100

Utility consumption of the Claus Unit

23

Total Investment Cost:

Before constructing the unit, you can choose between different maximum capacities at the top right part
of the panel. You can see your options in the table below. After your initial choice, there is no possibility
to expand capacity, so choose carefully.

Construction time:

Feed capacity (kt/year)

CAPEX (MMF$)

10

51

20

69

30

82

40

92

50

102

60

110

70

117

80

124

90

130

100

136

110

142

120

147

130

152

140

157

150

162

160

166

170

170

180

175

190

180

200

185

1 year

24

Gasoline Blending
Motor gasoline has to be blended from different streams to fulfil the environmental and quality
regulations. It is your task to blend marketable gasoline by calculating the ratio of the components
involved in order to blend products that comply with the relevant standards shown in the table above.
Excess amount of blending components will be sold as Base gasoline. If the blended gasoline does not
meet the requirements, it will also be sold as Base gasoline.
Gasoline blending is not possible until all the components are available except for bio ethanol which is
introduced in 2018 and it is only one of the bio components that are added to motor gasoline. As a
simplification it is the only bio component used in motor gasoline in the game.

25

SPG (kg/dm3) RON MON RVP(kPa) Olefin (%) Aromatics (%)

FCC Gasoline

0.75

93.5

82.5

56

27

26

Reformate

0.83

103

92

30

81

Isomerate

0.68

90

85

80

Bio ethanol

0.79

125

103

117

Motor gasoline blending components and their properties

Property

Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

3

SPG (kg/dm )

0.720

RON

95

MON

85

RVP (kPa)

50

0.775

80

Olefin (V/V %)

18

Aromatics (V/V %)

35

Ethanol (V/V %)

4.0

5.0

Requirements for motor gasoline

The properties of blended motor gasolines are calculated from the weighted average of the blending
component properties. The calculation is volume based (in V/V%). Refinery splitters related to Gasoline
blending can be adjusted with 0.1% units with the help of the +/- signs next to the splitter for fine tuning
the gasoline recipes to satisfy the strict specifications.
Example for calculation:
70%(V/V) FCC naphtha + 15%(V/V) Reformate + 15%(V/V) Isomerate
RON = 0.7 * 93.5 + 0.15 * 103 + 0.15 * 90 = 94.4

26

Diesel Blending
The aim and way of Diesel Blending is similar to that of Gasoline Blending. One of the minor differences
is that the excess amount of blending components in case of GOHT gas oil and HDS Gas oil will be sold
as Base gas oil and FCC gas oil will be sold as Heating oil. If the blended Diesel does not meet the
requirements but its density is not higher than 0.85 kg/dm 3, it will be sold as Base gas oil. Otherwise
with higher than 0.85 kg/dm3 density it will be sold as Heating oil.
The Diesel Blender is not operational until all the components are available, except for fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME) i.e. biodiesel. As a simplification, FAME is the only bio component to be used in diesel
blending in the game.

27

Aromatics

SPG (kg/dm3)

FAME (V/V%)

FCC LCO

0.925

25.0

GOHT Diesel

0.835

2.0

HDS Diesel

0.858

5.3

100

FAME

(wt%)

Diesel blending components and their properties

Property

Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

SPG (kg/dm3)

0.820

0.845

FAME (V/V%)

4.0

7.0

Polyaromatics (wt%)

8.0

Requirements for Diesel

The properties of Blended Diesel are calculated from the weighted average of the blending component
properties. The calculation of FAME concentration is volume based (in V/V%), while
polyaromatics concentration and density or SPG are mass based (m/m%) properties. Refinery
splitters related to Gas Oil blending can be adjusted with 0.1% units with the help of the +/- signs next
to the splitter for fine tuning the gas oil recipes to satisfy the specifications.

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Crude Storage
In order to reduce the losses of your company caused by fluctuation of crude oil price, you can use the
storage facilities that are available from the start. Although inventory management is a day by day
process, in the game we assume that you can operate a year by year crude inventory. This way you
can store a maximum amount of 1.5 MMm3 crude oil in your 0.1 MMm3 tanks that cannot contain blends
from the two types of oil. The ordering process of crude stored is independent from that of the crude
processed, but not vice versa. Crude in your inventory is always to be processed the next year and thus
it defines some limitations in the selection of types and ratios of crudes in the year of processing. Using
the storage tanks is associated with OPEX.

OPEX

Utility (UOM)

Consumption
3

Electricity (MWh/m )

0.045

Steam (GJ/m3)

0.104

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Financial data
Financial data panel indicates the main financial results related to the refinery processes.

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HEADQUARTER (HQ)
You can switch to the headquarter simply by clicking on the building at the left side of the main gate or
the Headquarter item at the right bottom of the screen.

Financial data
Financial data panel at the HQ indicates the main financial results relating to the DS part of the
company.

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Products & Prices

Products & Prices panel indicates production volumes for the current year and market prices for the
current and the next year. In the Test Rounds, you can also find a prognosis of the prices of the
coming years.
All prices are in $/t, except the crude oil price, which is in $/bbl.

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Import Crude and biocomponents

In this panel you can define the amount of crude and biocomponents (bio ethanol and FAME)
imported. When importing, you may also decide to use credit to a share of your expenditures.You
can make your order only once in a round. If no manual setting is made the minimum imported crude
amount is always ordered automatically using a 50%-50% ratio of the two crudes to comply with the
minimum utilization rate. Also, 60% of the import cost is always covered from credit if crude is ordered
automatically. No biocomponent is ordered automatically. Please note that using the storage option
defines some limits for the ratio of crudes imported.
Technical comment: You can set up the amounts with dragging and sliding the arrow above the bar or
simply clicking on the bar anywhere. Once you made your import finalized by cliclking on botton OK,
you cannot modify it during the round.

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Repaying credit
In this panel your team can repay the existing amounts of credit. Credit repayment can occur any time
when the team wishes, but interest of the credit is subtracted immediately in the same round the credit
is requested. If credit is not repaid the interest is annually subtracted as if new credit was taken and
that credit can be used on your investments as well, however, it is still regarded as credit when
checking the amount of credit over the total invested money.

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Final Scoring

The teams are going to be ranked according to how much cash they have on their account, from which
amount the remaining unpaid credit is substracted to get the final result. Your decisions made in the
final turn (Turn #10) are also going to be evaluated. The 40 teams with the highest scores at the end of
the game are going to be qualified for the second turn of the competition, the Strategy Simulation round.

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