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OBJECTIVE
1. To observe the inductive displacement sensor characteristic.
2. To observe the capacitive displacement sensor characteristic.
2.0
INTRODUCTION
sensors
are
used
in
wide
variety
of
applications
[3]
A capacitive sensing system for conductive materials uses a model similar to the one
described above, but in place of one of the conductive plates, is the sensor, and in place of the
other, is the conductive target to be measured. Since the area of the probe and target remain
constant, and the dielectric of the material in the gap (usually air) also remains constant, "any
change in capacitance is a result of a change in the distance between the probe and the
target." [4] Therefore, the equation above can be simplified to:
3.0
EQUIPMENTS
4.0
PROCEDURE
4.1
4.2
5.0
RESULTS
Table 1.1
X
0.00
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
22.50
25.00
27.50
30.00
32.50
35.00
37.50
40.00
u Out (V)
5.00
5.00
5.00
4.69
4.29
3.82
3.39
2.83
2.36
1.81
1.38
0.87
0.47
0.04
-0.23
-0.51
-0.55
u Out (V)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2.5
7.5
-1
u Out (V)
Table 1.2
X
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
u Out (V)
2.0
2.2
2.4
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.3
5.2
5.7
7.2
7.2
8.1
9.1
u Out (V)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
u Out (V)
6.0
DISCUSSION
7
40
45
50
55
60
6.1 In experiment (A), what is the gain of the measurement amplifier in volts per scale
division for a displacement in the middle of the range?
Amplifiers have the ability to increase the magnitude of an input signal. It is useful to be able
to rate an amplifiers amplifying ability in terms of an output/input ratio. The technical term
for an amplifiers output/input magnitude ratio is gain. As a ratio of equal gain is naturally a
unitless measurement. Mathematically, gain is symbolized by the capital letter A.
A=
V output 2.362.83
=
=0.094
V input
5
6.2 Determine the linear equation for Experiment A. (Explain your calculations).
Linearity is a relationship between input and output. It normally represented by a straight line
equation which show the relation between measured variable and measurement output.
Linear equation,
y=mx +c
5.0=m ( 5.5 ) +c
--1
0.75=m ( 30 ) +c
--2
4.25=24.5m
1 2,
m=
4.25
24.5
m=0.173
y=0.173 x+5.954 .
output
input
4.693.39
7.5015.00
= -0.1733
The sensor have a sensitivity of -0.1733V/coil and so give an output of 0.1733 for each 1
change in coil.
6.4 In Experiment (B), what is the shape of the characteristic? How do you explain the
results?
The sensor characteristic is calibration. As u refer to graph at page 7, the graph will show
almost same shape as picture below. A sensor or instrument is calibrated by applying a
number of known physical inputs and recording the response of the system.
6.5 Determine the linear equation for Experiment B. (Explain your calculations).
2.4=m ( 10 ) + c
--1
7.8=m ( 52 ) +c
--2
21,
m=
5.4=42 m
5.4
42
m=0.129
When m=0.129, c = 1.11
Hence, y= 0.129x +1.11
10
y=0.129 x +1.11 .
output
input
5.23.0
3515
= 0.11V/coil
The sensor have a sensitivity of 0.11V/coil and so give an output of 0.11V for each 1 change
in coil.
11
7.0
CONCLUSION
In the conclusion, the experiment is related to the displacement sensor. Displacement
sensors are concerned with the measurement of amount by which some object has moved.
Inductive proximity sensor consists of a coil wound a core. It basically comprises an
oscillator whose windings constitute the sensing face. An alternating magnetic field is
generated in front of these windings. These changes can be monitored by its effect on a
resonant circuit to trigger a switch. It can only be used for detection of metal objects and is
best with ferrous metals. In our experiment, when we move the core upwards the output
voltage will decrease slightly. Inductive proximity sensors enable the detection, without
physical contact of the metal objects. It also has high operating rates and fast response. The
inductive detection has an excellent resistance to industrial environments.
Capacitive proximity sensors are used for non-contact detection of metallic objects &
non-metallic objects (liquid, plastic, wooden materials and so on). Capacitive proximity
sensors use the variation of capacitance between the sensor and the object being detected.
When the object is at a present distance from the sensitive side of the sensor, an electronic
circuit inside the sensor begins to oscillate. The rise or fall of such oscillation is identified by
a threshold circuit that drives an amplifier for the operation of an external load. A screw
placed on the backside of the sensor allows regulation of the operating distance. This
sensitivity regulation is useful in applications, such as detection of full containers and nondetection of empty containers. The capacitive sensor is move at lower limit to upper limit
which can result us to measure the corresponding voltage output. After the measurement, we
get the result is the value of output voltage is increase on each occasion. It shows that there is
a linear displacement graph is form by the result.
Nonetheless, the characteristic of modern sensors and applications presented in this
paper prove that inductive sensor and capacitive sensor still play very important role in the
measuring technology.
12
8.0
REFERENCE
1.
http://www.ab.com/en/epub/catalogs/12772/6543185/12041221/12041227
/print.html
2. http://www.fargocontrols.com/inductive_sensors.html
3. http://www.fargocontrols.com/sensors/inductive_op.html
4. G. Dehmel , Magnetic field sensors: Induction coil (search coil) sensors,
Chapter
in
Sensors
comprehensive
survey,
vol.
5,
VCH
Publishers,
P.
Ripka
Induction
sensors,
Chapter
13
in
Magnetic
sensors
and
9.0
APPENDIX
15