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NAME_________________
All notes, books, etc., must be placed out of sight. Please read each of the problems carefully. If
something is not clear, please ask.
The exam is worth a total of 112 points. Make sure your exam is complete.
Answers should be placed in the space provided. Write legibly--if I cannot read it--it is wrong.
Please include an explanation whenever asked to or whenever necessary to make your answer
clear. Please put your name on every page of the exam.
As usual, no cheating is allowed. Good Luck!!!
Chemistry 2411
Exam IIIA
Name ___________________________ 2
Br
b. 2-bromo-9-chloro-5,6-diisobutyl-1,10-difluorodecane
Cl
F
F
Br
b. (2R,3S)-2-chloro-3-methylpentane
Cl
Cl
H3C
Cl
H3C
CH3
Chemistry 2411
Exam IIIA
Name ___________________________ 3
3) (4 Points) What term describes the structural relationship between (2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4trichloroheptane and (2S,3S,5R)-2,3,5-trichloroheptane?
A) not isomers
B) constitutional isomers
C) enantiomers
D) diastereomers
E) conformers
Answer: B
4) (4 Points) Which of the following incorrectly describes cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane?
A) It is a meso compound.
B) It is achiral.
C) It contains two asymmetric carbons.
D) Its diastereomer is trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane.
E) It has an enantiomer.
Answer: E
5) (4 Points) Is the molecule shown below chiral or achiral?
Answer: achiral
6) (4 Points) How many asymmetric carbons are present in the compound below?
Answer: 5
Chemistry 2411
Exam IIIA
Name ___________________________ 4
7) (20 Points) Draw all of the possible stereoisomers of the following compound. Indicate
whether the drawn structure is an enantiomer or a diastereomer of the original structure.
H
H
HO
H
O
OH
H
OH
HO
8) (4 Points) For the structure shown below, draw the stereoisomer having a configuration of
(1R,3S,4S) in a perspective structure.
H
HO
H
H
9) (4 Points) Would a 50:50 mixture of (2R,3R)-2,3-dibromobutane and (2R,3S)-2,3dibromobutane be optically active? Explain.
Answer: Yes, the mixture would be optically active. This is not a racemic mixture but a mixture
of diastereomers. The specific rotations of diastereomers are not the same in magnitude nor
necessarily opposite in sign.
10) (4 Points) Draw the Fischer projection of (2R,4R)-2,4-dibromopentane.
Chemistry 2411
Exam IIIA
Name ___________________________ 5
Answer:
11) (4 Points) Is it theoretically possible to separate the pair of compounds below by distillation?
Explain briefly.
Answer: Yes. The molecules are related as diastereomers and hence have different boiling points.
12) (4 Points) Which of the following is a geminal dihalide?
A) cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane
B) 3,3-dichloropentane
C) trans-1,4-diiodocyclohexane
D) isobutyl chloride
E) 1,3-dibromoheptane
Answer: B
13) (4 Points) Which halide is a better nucleophile, iodide or fluoride? Explain.
Answer: The iodide ion is the better nucleophile. The larger size of this ion renders its electron
cloud more polarizable.
14) (4 Points) What type of solvent is best for SN2 reactions which employ anionic nucleophiles:
polar, protic solvents; polar, aprotic solvents; or nonpolar solvents? Explain.
Answer: Polar, aprotic solvents are best. These solvents have strong dipole moments to enhance
Chemistry 2411
Exam IIIA
Name ___________________________ 6
solubility of the anionic species but lack the ability to solvate the anion by hydrogen bonding.
15) (4 Points) Arrange the following substrates in order of their increasing SN2 reactivity with
NaCN: bromoethane, 1-chloro-3,3-dimethylpentane, 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpentane, and 2bromo-2-methylpentane.
Answer: 2-bromo-2-methylpentane < 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpentane < 1-chloro-3,3dimethylpentane < bromoethane
16) (4 Points) Which of the following statements describe a favorable attribute of a leaving group?
(More than one answer is possible.)
A) The leaving group should be highly polarizable.
B) The lower the electronegativity of the leaving group the better.
C) Good leaving groups need to have low steric hindrance.
D) The departed leaving group should have low basicity.
Answer: A, D
17) (12 Points) Complete the following reactions. Reactions may undergo more than 1 type of
reaction (SN1, SN2, E1 or E2) and thus generate multiple products.
a.
O
+
CH3CH2OH
O
+
Br
E1
SN1
SN1
b.
+
Br
c.
OH
SN1
Chemistry 2411
H
Exam IIIA
KCN
Name ___________________________ 7
DMF
H
SN2
18) (4 Points) Draw the structures of the E2 products that would be observed with the following
reaction. Indicate which product is the major product, and explain why it is the major product.
+
NaOCH3
HOCH3
Br
minor
major
19) (4 Points) Draw the structure of the major E1 product that would be observed with the
following reaction.
+
HOCH3
Br