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era of media globalization. Laws and regulations that govern foreign and
77).
Hoynes (2000), ”the globalization of mass media, refers to the content, the
the volume, scale of media merging and alliances involving media players
that have taken place in recent years has raised considerable challenges for
Musaab Mohamed Adam 30581155
Mss. Doris Lim cultural and media policy
Situating cultural policy essay 1
regulators and state authorities across the globe (Doyle, 2002, p. 1).
Finally this paper will address the profound socio-political and cultural
making, it was argued that many countries often put the principle of
ownership of the media. Hence preventing any supplier from having absolute
control over the agenda and will therefore reduce the scope for potentially
guarantees the rights of editors to shape the content of their products free
driving force of foreign media censorship since the 1960s (2002, p.14). This
fear was magnified in July 1986 when the News Paper and Printing Presses
after the Broadcasting Authority Amendment Bill was passed. Under this
internet use in Singapore. Lee” (2000, p.19). Media merging is another vital
policy inquiry and determining factor in relaxing rules that govern media
reach of the early individual printers. The second factor is changes in the
“media industry have moved away from their independent localism, towards
forming national and global media entities” ( Croteau & Hoynes, 2000,p. 89).
Musaab Mohamed Adam 30581155
Mss. Doris Lim cultural and media policy
Situating cultural policy essay 1
On the governments part these changes led directly to new regulations of
media ownership. For example the FCC has regulated the number of
television and radio stations a single company can own. The reason for doing
Cross-ownership regulations
p. 89).
ownership rules, can lead to further concentration, for example in 1996 less
than two years after the elimination of limits on radio ownership, there was a
12 percent decline in the number of radio station owners, even while the
Regulation of moral content has been the center of attention for policy
makers, for example not selling recordings with explicit lyrics to minors is an
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Mss. Doris Lim cultural and media policy
Situating cultural policy essay 1
active approach to regulating media content. However the US has pioneered
laws and regulations that protect children from harmful and sexually explicit
targeting minors, keeping in mind factors such as who owns the internet, and
more like a broadcast medium and thus that its content should be subject
This argument paved the way to a proregulatory position that was supported
industries. Citizen activists from across the political spectrum are being
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Mss. Doris Lim cultural and media policy
Situating cultural policy essay 1
recognized as significant players in the debate over the media. These players
lobby and educate about the media , religious groups and sometimes
(2000), “In the highly publicized 1997 campaign, the Southern Baptist
Cultural imperialism has influenced the debate over media ownership and
European film market and nearly a quarter of the TV market, whereas the US
in Europe (p.256).
At the core of the debate was the notion that Western media products
the US hands, and other nations became more dependent on the United
States for cultural production (Croteau & Hoynes, 2000, p. 256). This
Musaab Mohamed Adam 30581155
Mss. Doris Lim cultural and media policy
Situating cultural policy essay 1
constituted ground for the promotion of new media reforms in developed
countries that could help maintain national culture and develop national
identity; reforms could include strict guide line for media content and in
Conclusion
The media influence on the political process has drastically transformed the
production and distribution posed new challenges for policy makers. New
that regulate them. Cross ownership of media can lead to either the
Reference list
Doyle, G. (2002). Media ownership: the economics and politics of convergence and
concentration. London: SAGE. Retrieved April 1st, 2010, from Googl books data
base.
Croteau, C., & Hoynes, W. (2000) media society: industries, images and Audiences.
California: Pine Forge Press.
Craik, J. (1996). The potential and limits of cultural policy strategies. Culture and
policy, 7(1), 117-204.
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