7 Hyd Prev Dehydration

HYDRATES AND HYDRATE PREVENTION
PART 5 : GAS DEHYDRATION
EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION
HYDRATE PREVENTION DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES
2011 - IFP Training
HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS GENERALITIES
Key points hydrates formation conditions

To get some hydrates you need 4 things :
another compound
WATER
EP 20267_a_A_ppt_10 - HYDRATES & HYDRATE PREVENTION
A GAS
PRESSURE
2011 - IFP Training
COLD
Hydrogen bonds
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)
Overview of physical absorption

Application: Summary Design of a TEG unit
Conventional TEG process
Improvements of the conventional TEG process
Troubleshooting
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION (SOLID DESICCANT)

Overview
Process implementation
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF DEHYDRATION
WHY TO DEHYDRATE A NATURAL GAS?
Prevent formation of HYDRATES and condensation of FREE WATER in processing and

transportation facilities
Meet a water content specification
Prevent corrosion
WHAT ARE THE MAIN DEHYDRATION TECHNIQUES?
Physical absorption (using LIQUID desiccants)
Physical adsorption (using SOLID desiccants)
2011 - IFP Training
INTRODUCTION WHERE IN THE GAS PROCESSING CHAIN ?
Petrochemical feedstock (Ethylene)

Market (Fuel) or Petrochemical feedstock
Market (Fuel) or Refinery (blended with
2011 - IFP Training
Ethane:
Propane:
Butane:
gasoline)
Natural gasoline:
Refinery or Petrochemical feedstock
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
1 PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)
2011 - IFP Training
OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
Glycols are widely used for natural gas dehydration (TEG)
TEG systems are used onshore and offshore for both sweet gas and sour gas
applications
Gas can be treated economically with TEG between 10C-100C and between 10120+ bar.g
Water Dew Point depression typically 30C - 100C
Special TEG processes available for difficult applications (e.g. Stripping Gas,
Coldfinger, DRIZO)
2011 - IFP Training
OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION PRINCIPLE OF A TEG UNIT
2011 - IFP Training
10
2011 - IFP Training
TEG UNIT
REGENERATOR (or STILL COLUMN)

11

Saih Rahwl Oman, 1998 One of the largest Glycol Unit in the world"
2 TEG regenerators (1500 MMSCFD ; TEG rate 80 m3/h each)

2011 - IFP Training
View of a TEG regenerator
12
OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION FEW FIGURES
Glycol process
Tens of thousands of glycol units dehydrate gas over the world
Simple operating principle
Direct contact at pressure between gas and glycol
Glycol circulating in a closed loop
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the preferred choice of desiccant because of:

High thermal stability
Efficient regeneration at high reboiler temperatures (up to 204C)
Concentrations higher than 99.9+ wt% are obtainable
Low vaporization losses
Key design factors: Low dew point application

Contactor equilibrium stages : height of structured packing or number of trays)
: typically 15 - 40 litre TEG/ kg H2O to remove
Glycol concentration
: typically 99.0 - 99.95 wt% and more
2011 - IFP Training
Glycol flow rate
13
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
14
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT FEED GAS

H2O CONTENT OF MOISTURE SATURATED GASES
(Correlation of BUKACEK)
1 - Given a feed gas temperature of 35C,

and pressure of 70 bar.a, what is the
moisture content of the feed gas?
mg/Sm3
2011 - IFP Training
830
15
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT TEG CIRCULATION LOOP
3 Assuming a glycol circulation flow of 25

liter of TEG / kg of water to remove,
estimate the glycol circulation flow.
2500
2 Given a feed gas flowrate of 100

MMSCFD ( 118 000 Sm3/hr), estimate the
moisture flow to be removed (to simplify
the residual moisture of gas is neglected =
100% dehydration).
kg of H2O / hr
..
The TEG flow is relatively LOW !!!!!
..
..
Very small line!!!!!
..
2011 - IFP Training
100
Comments:
liter of TEG / hr
16
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT TEG CIRCULATION LOOP

BUBBLE TEMPERATURE
OF COMMERCIAL TEG SOLUTIONS
4 - Given the maximum allowable

temperature of regenerator of 400F
( 204C), what is the HIGHEST achievable
purity for the Lean TEG ?
% Wt
2011 - IFP Training
98.7
17
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT RESIDUAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF DRY

GAS
WATER DEW POINT OF A NATURAL GAS
AT EQUILIBRIUM WITH A TEG SOLUTION
5 - Given an overhead contactor

temperature of 35C, what is the lowest
achievable Water Dew Point for the dry
gas?
2011 - IFP Training
- 10
18
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT CONTACTOR

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF
SEPARATION TRAYS OF THE TEG CONTACTOR
!
6 Assuming a glycol circulation flow of 25
liter of TEG / kg of water to remove (= 3.00
US gal of TEG / lb of water), estimate the
number of required trays.
Trays
2011 - IFP Training
19
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT CONTACTOR

ESTIMATION OF THE
DIAMETER OF THE TEG CONTACTOR
72
inches
2011 - IFP Training
7 In the contactor, the liquid flow is

negligible compared to the gas flow.
Hence, only the gas flow is considered for
the design of the contactor diameter.
Estimate the contactor diameter for a gas
feed of 100 MMSCFD.
20
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT REGENERATOR (or STILL)
1 liter = 0.264 US
galon
ESTIMATION OF THE
DIAMETER OF THE TEG REGENERATOR
8 Estimate the Still Column (TEG

Regenerator) diameter.
inches
2011 - IFP Training
17
21
SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT REGENERATOR (or STILL)

ESTIMATION OF REBOILING
DUTY OF THE REGENERATOR
9 Estimate the reboiler duty for the still

column (regenerator).
103 kcal/h
2011 - IFP Training
300 to 350
22
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
23
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS EXAMPLE OF PFD
2011 - IFP Training
24
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS FEED GAS SCRUBBING SYSTEM
FEED GAS FILTER & MIST EXTRACTOR

SOLID particles removal : > 99% of particles > 1 m
diameter
LIQUID droplets removal : > 99% of droplets > 1 m
diameter
FEED GAS SCRUBBER

To be as close as possible to contactor to prevent condensation (Heat
loss + Friction)
2011 - IFP Training
To be separate from contactor
25
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS CONTACTOR
BUBBLE CAPS
2011 - IFP Training
26
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS GLYCOL/GLYCOL HEAT EXCHANGER
2011 - IFP Training
27
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS REGENERATOR STILL COLUMN
2011 - IFP Training
28
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS REGENERATOR CONDENSATION

SYSTEM
2011 - IFP Training
29
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS REGENERATOR REBOILING

SYSTEM
2011 - IFP Training
30
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS FINAL REFRIGERANT
2011 - IFP Training
31
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS TEG SOLUTION FILTRATION
Filtration is a KEY POINT to ensure that this unit operates correctly. It prevents foaming and
corrosion problems and the loss of glycol, by eliminating.
solid particles (corrosion products, sediments, etc.)
liquid hydrocarbons
products generated by degradation of the TEG
The filtration is performed by a mechanical litter (mandatory), followed by an active charcoal

filler often installed on a bypass. This assembly is installed:
very often at the flash drum outlet, which protects the downstream equipment and basically the
reboiler from particles liable to be deposited in them. This has the disadvantage of generating large
pressure drops (low temperature, thus high viscosity), and above all if the filtration is designed to
remove microparticles.
in some units, at the accumulator outlet (high temperature, thus low viscosity), downstream of the
pump (low pressure)
Mechanical filter
2011 - IFP Training
Its purpose is to eliminate the solid particles, typically 99% of particles of size greater than 10 m (25
m for start-up).
Two filters are normally installed in parallel (one in line, the second as standby) for system
maintenance. The filters are changed over as soon as the pressure drop across the in-line filter
reaches 0.5 - 0.7 bar
32
CONVENTIONAL TEG PROCESS TEG SOLUTION FILTRATION
Active charcoal filter

This filter eliminates all the contaminants in the glycol loop (liquid hydrocarbons,
polymers, TEG degradation products, etc.) by adsorption, which is generally not removed
by the mechanical filter.
The charcoal filter is installed downstream of the mechanical filter
Given that these contaminants appear very progressively, it is sufficient to filter only part
of the total flow of the TEG loop (10 to 20%). The remainder of the flow bypasses the
charcoal filter (which is itself installed on a bypass).
Remark: if an active charcoal filter is Installed, a particle filter must be Installed
downstream of it to capture the charcoal particles which may be entrained with the TEG
solution.
2011 - IFP Training
33
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
34
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS THREE (3) TECHNIQUES
How to approach 100% lean TEG concentration?
Three (3) main techniques are used :
Secondary water extraction (COLDFINGER)
Gas stripping
Solvent stripping (DRIZO)
2011 - IFP Training
35
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS SECONDARY WATER EXTRACTION
2011 - IFP Training
36
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS SECONDARY WATER EXTRACTION
TO FLARE
DRY GAS
STILL COLUMN
HEAT
MEDIUM
GLYCOL
CONTACTOR
TRIMDRYER
TO FLARE
SURGE
DRUM
REBOILER
WET GAS
FLASH DRUM
CLOSED
DRAIN
GLYCOL/GLYCOL
HEAT EXCHANGER
TRIM
COOLER
PUMP
2011 - IFP Training
FILTER
37
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS GAS STRIPPING
2011 - IFP Training
38
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS GAS STRIPPING PERFORMANCES

EFFECT OF STRIPPING GAS
ON THE PURITY OF LEAN TEG
Well PROVEN process
Up to 6 SCF/GALL of stripping gas rate

to reach 99.95% wt glycol.
Preventing condensation of still column
overhead product
Major BTEX emissions concern

End of chain solution:
Incineration
Re-compression
2011 - IFP Training
39
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS GAS STRIPPING PERFORMANCES
Njord-Norsk-Hydro 2007
TEG dehydration unit 325 MMSCFD
delivered by Prosernat
7.2 T/h TEG
Regeneration module (with stripping gas)
2011 - IFP Training
40
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS DRIZO PROCESS

Glycol concentration achieved: up to 99.99+%wt
DRIZO
Principle : Btex and hydrocarbons absorbed at contactor are recovered to

constitute the solvent loop
Solvent loop:
: Solvent stripping
Overhead condenser
Three phase separator
Solvent dryer
Solvent vaporizer
2011 - IFP Training
41
2011 - IFP Training
42

PERFORMANCES
Delivery date
Plant location
Capacity MMSCFD
1991/1994
1993
1995
1995 and 1996
1997
1997
1997
U.K.
Africa
USA
Latin America
USA
North Sea
Europe
400 (x2)
440
52
375 (x2)
56
615 (x2)
140
Dew point achieved

-62C @ 37 bar
-55C @ 26 bar
-66C @
6 bar
-54C @ 34.5 bar
-70C @ 62 bar
-44C @ 62 bar
-108C @ 16 bar
Lean TEG
wt %
99.99
99.98
99.99
99.99
99.99
99.98
99.99+
DRIZO process solves BTEX and CO2 emissions of a glycol based dehydration system
Still column overhead emissions approach zero
Low dew point requirements becomes compatible with low emissions
Limit of dew point specification is push down
Advantages of a proven process are kept
2011 - IFP Training
43

PERFORMANCES
Drizo EHRA Nigeria, 2004 SAIPEM/EXXON MOBIL (197 MMSCFD)
2011 - IFP Training
44

PERFORMANCES
Drizo Enron Teeside (400 MMSCFD, water dew point -80 C)
2011 - IFP Training
45
TROUBLESHOOTING HSE CONSIDERATIONS

SOLUBILITY OF AROMATICS (BTX) IN TEG SOLUTION
2011 - IFP Training
EP 20270_a_A_ppt_08 - HYDRATES PREVENTION - DEHYDRATION
IMPROVEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL PROCESS PERFORMANCE

COMPARISON
2011 - IFP Training
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
48
TROUBLESHOOTING DEGRADATION & CONTAMINATION OF TEG

SOLUTION
2011 - IFP Training
49

SOLUTION
QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEAN TEG SOLUTION
2011 - IFP Training
50

SOLUTION
SLUDGE PROBLEMS on K6P (Offshore HOLLAND)
HC Condensates
SLUDGE
MEG / MDEA solution
2011 - IFP Training
SLUDGE sample after 48 hours settling time
51
PHYSICAL ABSORPTION
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Low capital cost
Limited dew point depression
Low pressure drop on the gas side
Atmospheric emissions of hydrocarbons
Less heat needed for regeneration per

kilogram of water removed compared to solid
desiccants
Glycol becomes corrosive with exposure to

oxygen
Relative tolerance to contaminants
Glycol carryover can impact downstream

equipment
2011 - IFP Training
52
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
53
MOLECULAR SIEVES CHARACTERISTICS
Extremely low dew point
Capacity less sensitive to temperature
Excellent selectivity
Limited resistance to liquid water
Limited acid resistance
High catalytic activity

2011 - IFP Training
54
SOLID DESICCANTS PRINCIPLE
NG to be dried goes through a bed of adsorption solid which selectively adsorbs water
The process is cyclic, as the adsorption bed needs to be periodically regenerated by heating
(to 200 315 C) and vaporizing the absorbed water
Most common solid desiccants are:
molecular sieves (Zeolites)
Alumina
silicagels
Combinations of several types of adsorbents can be encountered (e.g. Axens

MultibedTMtechnology)
Specificities of Gas Drying by Solid Desiccants

Extremely low dew point
Capacity less sensitive to temperature
Excellent selectivity
Limited resistance to liquid water
Limited acid resistance
High catalytic activity
2011 - IFP Training
SOLID DESICCANTS PRINCIPLE
2011 - IFP Training
Physical properties of main desiccants

SOLID DESICCANTS
Molecular Sieves (Zeolites)
2011 - IFP Training
SOLID DESICCANTS
Silicagels
2011 - IFP Training
Courtesy M. Thomas -IFP

SOLID DESICCANTS
Silicagels
Allows simultaneous removal of water and heavy HC (C5+)
Can be competitive with refrigeration/turbo-expander processes for NGL recovery

from lean gases
For C5+ recovery much shorter absorption cycles are needed to avoid
displacement of C5+ by adsorbed water: typically 30 45 mn
High overall adsorption capacity
2011 - IFP Training
MOLECULAR SIEVES CHARACTERISTICS
2011 - IFP Training
60
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
61
Gas dehydration / Molecular sieves
2011 - IFP Training
62
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION PROCESS IMPLEMENTATION
2011 - IFP Training
Number of beds is case specific (2 6), depending on cycle length, capacity,

2011 - IFP Training
QatarGas 1 Driers Photo Courtesy of QATARGAS

64
2011 - IFP Training
Port Sad Unit Egypt, 2003 (1100 MMSCFD, natural gas)
65
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION EXAMPLE OF BED ARRANGEMENT
2011 - IFP Training
66
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION ADSORPTION / DESORPTION CYCLES
2011 - IFP Training
67
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION ADSORPTION / DESORPTION CYCLES
Then cooling phase before a new cycle

2011 - IFP Training
68
Molecular sieve dehydration
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Can achieve very low water dew point
High capital cost
Simultaneous dehydration and gas

sweetening (mercaptan removal)
High operating cost
Can dry oxygen containing gases
Large footprint / weight

2011 - IFP Training
69
COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

Troubleshooting

Overview
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
2011 - IFP Training
70
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
Inhibition + Refrigeration:
IPEXOL_1
Glycol dehydration:
COMPACT TECHNOLOGIES
Permeation / Separation:
MEMBRANES
Cryogenic separation:
TWISTER
2011 - IFP Training
71
IFPEXOL / Combined dehydration & NGL recovery
2011 - IFP Training
72
Compact technologies Glycol gas dehydration
Train B
20-55 bara
55-156 bara
STATIC MIXER
TEG
Gas injection
manifold
TEG
TEG REGENERATION
REGENERATION
PRODUCTION MANIFOLDS
Compact dehydration
156-350 bara
TR= 5 min
1st stage
SEPARATOR
75C
45C
TR= 5 min
2ndLPstage 2ndLPstage
SEPARATOR
SEPARATOR SEPARATOR
SEPARATOR
Crude Oil
to Cargo Tanks
Electrostatic
Dehydrator
Electrostatic
Dehydrator
STATIC MIXER
TR= 5 min
3rdLP
stage
SEPARATOR
SEPARATOR
Seawater
TR= 12 min
45C
TR= 12 min
Water
PW treatment
2011 - IFP Training
In-hull Separation
73
CO-CURRENT PRINCIPLE
ProPure injection scavenger mixer C-100

Gas-flow driven
Annular injection chamber
Very high droplet break-up and mixing
Low pressure drop
US Patent No. 6,284,024 B1
YEAR 2004
H2O analyzer2)
GLYCOL REGERATION
Treated gas,
10 ppm H20
Separator
Pump
piping
Flowrate
y MMscfd
ProPure
C100 Mixer 13)
ProPure
C100 Mixer 2
Rich Glycol
to Regeneration
2011 - IFP Training
Wet gas,
74
AIR PRODUCTS MEMBRANES FOR DEHYDRATION
2011 - IFP Training
75
SPIRAL-WOUND MEMBRANE SEPARATOR
2011 - IFP Training
76
HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE SEPARATOR
2011 - IFP Training
77
GAS DEHYDRATION TWISTER
Innovative and revolutionary process for hydrocarbon dew pointing and

dehydration of natural gas
Combines Thermo-, Fluid- and Aerodynamics

Cryogenic separation
Simple, compact, without moving parts

Avoids hydrate problems
Zero emissions
2011 - IFP Training
78
GAS DEHYDRATION TWISTER OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Expander
Cyclone Separator
Compressor
Saturated
Feed Gas
Dry Gas
100 bar, 20C
70 bar, 5C
30 bar, -40C
Laval Nozzle
Supersonic Wing
Mach 1.3 (500 m/s)
Cyclone
Separator
(300,000g)
Diffuser
70 bar, 5C
2011 - IFP Training
Liquids
+ Slip-Gas
79
GAS DEHYDRATION TWISTER OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Saturated Gas Feed

(100 bar, 20 C)
Cyclone Separator
(>300,000 g)
Dewpointed gas
(70 bar, 5 C)
Expand to
Supersonic Velocity
(Mach 1.3 / 500 m/s)
(30 bar, -40 C)
Liquids + Slip-gas
(70 bar, 5 C)
2011 - IFP Training
Condense
Water & NGL
80
GAS DEHYDRATION TWISTER SYSTEM DESIGN
Twister Tube(s)
Gas/Gas
HEX
Inlet
Separator
(<10m)
Air/Sea
Water
Cooler
Liquid
De-Gassing
Vessel
2011 - IFP Training
Water &
Condensate
81
LTX operations
0oC
Extensive experience since 50s, mainly America

Two Tubes
Gas
In
LTX Testing at Twister plant in NL since Q2-2000

Hot Oil Circulation system
Operates unmanned
0oC
Deflector
Vertical LTX Testing in NL since Q1-2002

Proprietary Twister BV design (patented)
Improved G/L Separation Efficiency by tangential inflow
nozzles (cyclonic separation)
Condensate
Hydrate
Heating
Coils
Compact & low weight design

Reduced inventory improves controllability hydrate layer
nd system performance
Water
water
10oC
25oC
2011 - IFP Training
Cond.
Gas
Out
82
SSB B11 1st offshore commercial Twister
Petronas & Sarawak Shell Berhad (SSB)

Non Associated Gas
8-20% CO2, 300-3500 ppm H2S
2 x 300 MMscfd trains
Supplying MLNG Bintulu Facility
Guaranteed availability >98%
1st gas October 2003
Key Findings comparing Twister with TEG:

Twister enables unmanned operation
Twister Lifecycle saving: US$ 80 MM
( 50/50 CAPEX/OPEX)
2011 - IFP Training
83
TWISTER
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Compact and low weight
High pressure drop (~30%)
Low operating costs
Limited turndown performance
High on-stream time

No emissions
No chemicals
Near instant start-up
Supports unmanned operations
2011 - IFP Training
Insensitivity to FPSO motion
84
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER

The most commonly technique for dehydration is physical absorption using TEG
Purity of TEG is determining the water dew point of dried gas. The higher the TEG purity, the lower the
water content and the water dew point of the dried gas
Improvements being made to conventional TEG unit in order to increase the purity of TEG in
regeneration. Main techniques are:
Use of stripping gas

Drizo; use of solvent for stripping
Good scrubbing and filtration is the key for effective performance of TEG unit and minimizing foaming
problems and glycol losses
Physical Adsorption using solid desiccants is another technique for gas dehydration which makes it
possible to obtain dry bone gas (very low water dew point)
Use of Alumina as solid desiccant is more effective when water content is high and use of molecular
sieves is more efficient when water content is low
Dehydration and low temperature separation for NGL extraction can be coupled in a process called IFPEX
using methanol as inhibitor and then regenration of methanol through an izeotropic distillation
2012 - IFP Training

7 Hyd Prev Dehydration

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HYDRATES AND HYDRATE PREVENTION

PART 5 : GAS DEHYDRATION

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

HYDRATE PREVENTION DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES

2011 - IFP Training

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS GENERALITIES

Key points hydrates formation conditions

EP 20267_a_A_ppt_10 - HYDRATES & HYDRATE PREVENTION

2011 - IFP Training

PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)

Overview of physical absorption

PHYSICAL ADSORPTION (SOLID DESICCANT)

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

2011 - IFP Training

INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF DEHYDRATION

WHY TO DEHYDRATE A NATURAL GAS?

Prevent formation of HYDRATES and condensation of FREE WATER in processing and

WHAT ARE THE MAIN DEHYDRATION TECHNIQUES?

Physical absorption (using LIQUID desiccants)

Physical adsorption (using SOLID desiccants)

2011 - IFP Training

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

INTRODUCTION WHERE IN THE GAS PROCESSING CHAIN ?

Petrochemical feedstock (Ethylene)

2011 - IFP Training

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

Refinery or Petrochemical feedstock

PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)

Overview of physical absorption

PHYSICAL ADSORPTION (SOLID DESICCANT)

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

2011 - IFP Training

1 PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)

2011 - IFP Training

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION

Glycols are widely used for natural gas dehydration (TEG)

Water Dew Point depression typically 30C - 100C

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION PRINCIPLE OF A TEG UNIT

2011 - IFP Training

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION PRINCIPLE OF A TEG UNIT

2011 - IFP Training

REGENERATOR (or STILL COLUMN)

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION PRINCIPLE OF A TEG UNIT

2 TEG regenerators (1500 MMSCFD ; TEG rate 80 m3/h each)

2011 - IFP Training

View of a TEG regenerator

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION FEW FIGURES

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the preferred choice of desiccant because of:

Key design factors: Low dew point application

: typically 99.0 - 99.95 wt% and more

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

2011 - IFP Training

Glycol flow rate

PHYSICAL ABSORPTION (TEG UNIT)

Overview of physical absorption

PHYSICAL ADSORPTION (SOLID DESICCANT)

EP 20270_b_A_ppt_01 GAS DEHYDRATION

2011 - IFP Training

SUMMARY DESIGN OF A TEG UNIT FEED GAS

1 - Given a feed gas temperature of 35C,