1.

0 Introduction
Triple bottom line TBL is different from life cycle assessment (LCA) which
only take into consideration of environment as compared to TBL it take account
of people, environment and economy. (TBL ) is important in engineering to
maintain sustainability and reduce minimum impact toward the environment,
economy and social.
Sustainability can be achieved by engineer by taking sustainability in the
planning, design, construction management and operation by focusing on the
long term and short them focus of the impact base on TBL. Besides TBL also aid
in identifying aspect, criteria, indicator, matrix to quantify, and prepared
questionnaires as a reporting tools and management tools for engineer to
develop more green technology. Furthermore, TBL also help increase the
awareness of life cycle of the project, impact on the community, environment
and true value of a project.
As an engineer profit should not be priority. Engineers should meet with
local people and knowing their culture, source of economic, lifestyle and belief
before a project been implemented to avoid any issue with the local society.
Moreover, engineers should crates a technology which will not harm the
environment and health. If it does engineers should think of a way in reducing it
by changing the design or using technology. For indigenous issue engineers
should discuss with them and inform them on the benefit of the technology
impact on then and listening to their opinion to show our respect toward
indigenous people culture and tradition practise.

1.1 offshore wind energy

Offshore wind energy and wave energy has been selected. Wind energy is
related to my mechanical field of study because it involved the conversion of
kinetic energy from wind to mechanical energy to drive the shaft of the gear box
to drive the generator to produce electricity. Beside it involve the calculation on
the input and output torque produced by the gear from low speed to high speed.
Furthermore, material selection in the construction is also important to avoid
corrosion, withstand strong wind and strong wave to increase the life span of the
wind farm.
http://energy.gov/eere/wind/inside-wind-turbine-0
1.2 wave energy
Wave energy is related to my mechanical flied of study because it use the
principle of thermodynamic in the application. There has been significant
development in wave energy technology such as terminator devices wave
energy. These equipment is placed perpendicular direction of the wave which can
be found on shore and offshore. The aim of it was to allow air to be compress and
decompress creating a high and low pressure to drive the propeller of generator
by the wave. Oscillation movement of the water which permit water to bypass
the subsurface opening into trapping air chamber. From this, terminator has
utilised the principle of thermodynamic,

http://www.boem.gov/Renewable-Energy-Program/Renewable-EnergyGuide/Ocean-Wave-Energy.aspx

Chose
n
article
Article
1
(offsho
re wind
energy
)

Technical

Capacity of
wind
energy
2.8
terawatt in
1995
2003
3.8terawatt
Increase by
approximat
e
0.35terawa
tt/year

Economic

4584685
euros

80%permega
watt and
81.8% per
diameter

oil
import
saving
1443192
euros

Developme
nt of wind
blade
design
Rotor blade
increase
from
2 MW wind
turbine with
66 m rotor
diameter, to
the 3.6 MW
wind turbine
with 120 m
rotor
diameter

carbon
tax
avoided

external
saving
2167787
79 euros

annual
pollutant
saving
4543213
tn co2
for CO2
saving
SO2
SAVING
29625 tn
CO2
11847 tn
CO2 for
NOx
saving

Social

Adequate
energy
supply
Wind
energy
growing
at 40%
per year
and to be
installed
8GW in
UK and
3.824MW
in US

Reginal
development
(job
opportunity,
infrastructure
development )
1% in R&D,
consulting
engineer 3%,
Installation and
repair
11%,utility 9%,
developer
16%,other
component
manufacture
22%,wind
turbine
manufacture
37%

Indigenous
issue

Visual
impact of
wind
tower
In land
scape can
be seen
in

Environment

Growing
at 40%
per year
and to
be
installed
8GW in
UK and
3.824MW
in US

400m/per height

Public
preferenc
e
Range from 2 to
8 units/per
cluster

Noise

Wind
energy
machinery
which create
below 1000Hz
tones produced
tones which are
more annoying
than noise with
no tones

Reductio
n usage
of fossil
fuel or
nonrenewabl
e
sources

Reductio
n in
emission
of
4543213
tn co2
for CO2
saving

Reductio
n in
emission
of
SO2
SAVING
29625 tn

CO2

foundation
of wind
energy
base

<30
standing
wind
turbine

Technical

Economic

Technology
development

Economic
growth

Employment on
technology at
shoreline 15-25m
depth

Under blue
growth
technology
wind energy
has proven that
170,000 jobs by
2020, which
would increase to
300,000 by 2030
which will also
help create job
opportunity if
wave energy
implemented

In France
Gradual increase
in usage of wave
energy
In 2010 240 MW
generated in 2015
302 MW
generated
electricity
R&D of
technology
development
50 varies of wave
energy converter
has been design
only 20% deploy and
the wave energy has
been tested in
varies Member
States to encourage
the improvement of

11847 tn
CO2 for
NOx
saving

Reductio
n in
carbon
dioxide
emission
by almost
2500
million
ton per
year

of 100 m to
900 m depth
for floating
wind turbine

Article
2
(wave
energy
)

Health
benefit

Increase in
manufacturing
capacity
Increase in
capacity by 245
MW in 2010 to
2,543 MW in
2020
Investment in
R&D

Social

Indigenous issue

Adequate
energy
supply

Increase
capacity from
245 MW in 2010
to 2,543 MW in
2020
Job opportunity
Under blue
growth
technology wind
energy has
proven that
170,000 jobs by
2020, which would
increase to
300,000 by 2030
which will also
help create job
opportunity if
wave energy
implemented

Community
impact

Adequate
energy
supply

Increase
capacity from
245 MW in 2010 to
2,543 MW in 2020
Job opportunity

Adequate
energy
supply

Increase
capacity from
245 MW in 2010 to
2,543 MW in 2020
Job opportunity
Under blue
growth
technology wind
energy has
proven that
170,000 jobs by
2020, which would
increase to
300,000 by 2030

Environment

Governm
ent
policy

European Union
(EU) goals is to
to get 20% of
its energy from
renewable
energy by 2020

Reductio
n in
fossil
fuel
consump
tion

320,000 MW of
wave energy
calculated in
Europe
Greenhouse
gasses
reduction
In France
Gradual
increase in
usage of wave

wave energy.

consideration
50 varies of wave
energy converter
has been design

Respondent were
regarding
obstacles to
ocean energy
development
a) Grid
connection
56%
responden
t
b) Trained
staff 26%
responden
t
c) Length
and
challenges
of cross
broader
licensing
27%
responden
t

Regulator
y and
consentin
g
processe
s

15 month in
England and
Whales for
approval which
include stake
holder for
legislative
consultation
varies based on
each authority

which will also

help create job
opportunity if wave
energy
implemented

Community impact
consideration
Respondent were
regarding
obstacles to ocean
energy
development
d) Grid
connection
56%
respondent
e) Trained
staff 26%
respondent
f)

Length and
challenges
of cross
broader
licensing
27%
respondent

Regulator
y and
consentin
g
processes

15 month in
England and
Whales for
approval which
include stake
holder for
legislative
consultation
varies based on
each authority
Community impact
consideration

energy
In 2010 240
MW generated
in 2015 302
MW generated
electricity

Regulato
ry and
consenti
ng
processe
s

15 month in
England and
Whales for
approval
which
include
stake holder
for
legislative
consultation
varies based
on
each
authority

Respondent were
regarding
obstacles to ocean
energy
development
g) Grid
connection
56%
respondent
h) Trained
staff 26%
respondent
i)

Length and
challenges
of cross
broader
licensing
27%
respondent

Regulator
y and
consentin
g
processes

15 month in
England and
Whales for
approval which
include stake
holder for
legislative
consultation
varies based on
each authority