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INTJ
Introverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging
To outsiders, INTJs may appear to project an aura of "definiteness", of self-confidence. This selfconfidence, sometimes mistaken for simple arrogance by the less decisive, is actually of a very
specific rather than a general nature; its source lies in the specialized knowledge systems that most
INTJs start building at an early age. When it comes to their own areas of expertise -- and INTJs
can have several -- they will be able to tell you almost immediately whether or not they can help
you, and if so, how. INTJs know what they know, and perhaps still more importantly, they know
what they don't know.
INTJs are perfectionists, with a seemingly endless capacity for improving upon anything that takes
their interest. What prevents them from becoming chronically bogged down in this pursuit of
perfection is the pragmatism so characteristic of the type: INTJs apply (often ruthlessly) the
criterion "Does it work?" to everything from their own research efforts to the prevailing social
norms. This in turn produces an unusual independence of mind, freeing the INTJ from the
constraints of authority, convention, or sentiment for its own sake.
INTJs are known as the "Systems Builders" of the types, perhaps in part because they possess the
unusual trait combination of imagination and reliability. Whatever system an INTJ happens to be
working on is for them the equivalent of a moral cause to an INFJ; both perfectionism and
disregard for authority may come into play, as INTJs can be unsparing of both themselves and the
others on the project. Anyone considered to be "slacking," including superiors, will lose their
respect -- and will generally be made aware of this; INTJs have also been known to take it upon
themselves to implement critical decisions without consulting their supervisors or co-workers. On
the other hand, they do tend to be scrupulous and even-handed about recognizing the individual
contributions that have gone into a project, and have a gift for seizing opportunities which others
might not even notice.
In the broadest terms, what INTJs "do" tends to be what they "know". Typical INTJ career choices
are in the sciences and engineering, but they can be found wherever a combination of intellect and
incisiveness are required (e.g., law, some areas of academia). INTJs can rise to management
positions when they are willing to invest time in marketing their abilities as well as enhancing
them, and (whether for the sake of ambition or the desire for privacy) many also find it useful to
learn to simulate some degree of surface conformism in order to mask their inherent
unconventionality.
Personal relationships, particularly romantic ones, can be the INTJ's Achilles heel. While they are
capable of caring deeply for others (usually a select few), and are willing to spend a great deal of
time and effort on a relationship, the knowledge and self-confidence that make them so successful
in other areas can suddenly abandon or mislead them in interpersonal situations.

This happens in part because many INTJs do not readily grasp the social rituals; for instance, they
tend to have little patience and less understanding of such things as small talk and flirtation (which
most types consider half the fun of a relationship). To complicate matters, INTJs are usually
extremely private people, and can often be naturally impassive as well, which makes them easy to
misread and misunderstand. Perhaps the most fundamental problem, however, is that INTJs really
want people to make sense. :-) This sometimes results in a peculiar naivete', paralleling that of
many Fs -- only instead of expecting inexhaustible affection and empathy from a romantic
relationship, the INTJ will expect inexhaustible reasonability and directness.
Probably the strongest INTJ assets in the interpersonal area are their intuitive abilities and their
willingness to "work at" a relationship. Although as Ts they do not always have the kind of natural
empathy that many Fs do, the Intuitive function can often act as a good substitute by synthesizing
the probable meanings behind such things as tone of voice, turn of phrase, and facial expression.
This ability can then be honed and directed by consistent, repeated efforts to understand and
support those they care about, and those relationships which ultimately do become established
with an INTJ tend to be characterized by their robustness, stability, and good communications.
(INTJ stands for Introvert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging and represents individual's preferences in
four dimensions characterising personality type, according to Jung's and Briggs Myers' theories of
personality type.)
Your Type Preferences
Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(47%) Thinking(9%) Judging(41%)
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Functional Analysis Of The INTJ

Based on Jungs framework of cognitive functions
Introverted iNtuition
INTJs are idea people. Anything is possible; everything is negotiable. Whatever the outer
circumstances, INTJs are ever perceiving inner pattern-forms and using real-world materials to
operationalize them. Others may see what is and wonder why; INTJs see what might be and say
"Why not?!" Paradoxes, antinomies, and other contradictory phenomena aptly express these
intuitors' amusement at those whom they feel may be taking a particular view of reality too
seriously. INTJs enjoy developing unique solutions to complex problems.
Extraverted Thinking
Thinking in this auxiliary role is a workhorse. Closure is the payoff for efforts expended.
Evaluation begs diagnosis; product drives process. As they come to light, Thinking tends, protects,
affirms and directs iNtuition's offspring, fully equipping them for fulfilling and useful lives. A

faithful pedagogue, Thinking argues not so much on its own behalf, but in defense of its charges.
And through this process these impressionable ideas take on the likeness of their master.
Introverted Feeling
Feeling has a modest inner room, two doors down from the Most Imminent iNtuition. It doesn't
get out much, but lends its influence on behalf of causes which are Good and Worthy and
Humane. We may catch a glimpse of it in the unspoken attitude of good will, or the gracious smile
or nod. Some question the existence of Feeling in this type, yet its unseen balance to Thinking is a
cardinal dimension in the full measure of the INTJ's soul.
Extraverted Sensing
Sensing serves with a good will, or not at all. As other inferior functions, it has only a rudimentary
awareness of context, amount or degree. Thus INTJs sweat the details or, at times, omit them. "I've
made up my mind, don't confuse me with the facts" could well have been said by an INTJ on a
mission. Sensing's extraverted attitude is evident in this type's bent to savor sensations rather than
to merely categorize them. Indiscretions of indulgence are likely an expression of the unconscious
vengeance of the inferior.
(by Joe Butt and Marina Margaret Heiss - published under license)

INTJ Career Choices

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(47%) Thinking(9%) Judging(41%)
Generally, INTJs have successful careers in areas requiring intensive intellectual efforts,
presenting intellectual challenge, and creative approach. Due to the characteristics mentioned
above, successful INTJs are found in technological companies, particularly in research and
development, and also found among corporate lawyers, high- and mid-rank managers in
technology companies and financial institutions.
Jung Career Indicator determines occupations and areas in which INTJs find themselves most
fulfilled and content, are most successful, and likely are most represented in. The following list
factors in the level expressivenes of each of four characteristics of personality type. It lists the
most suitable areas of occupations along with some examples of educational institutions, where
you can receive a relevant degree or training. The most preferred areas appear first. Click
occupation names and school logos to request program information.
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INTJ Learning Style

How INTJs acquire, memorize and recollect information
In INTJs, interest in learning a subject revolves around finding the answer to the question, Why
is this so? The clearer and deeper the answer this type receives during the learning process, the
greater their interest in the topic, and the greater their desire to delve deeper into the subject.
Their desire to study something is driven by a search for ideas that can answer not only
fundamental questions, but also practical questions of popular interest.
INTJs are easily receptive to difficult material when it is presented in conceptual form and new
information follows logically from that given before. A moderate pace is best when delivering
material, because INTJs spend time forming and retaining theoretical connections between
different pieces of information.
INTJs connect the information they receive to a unifying theoretical basis. They can retain
knowledge remembered in this way for decades. INTJs are also capable of mechanical
memorization, although the amount thus retained is substantially lower than from memory based
on a generalized understanding of the material. Repeatedly presenting the same material helps
INTJs remember it, but presenting it from different points of view and using various examples is
even more effective.
INTJs are able to accurately reproduce received information, especially if it is mentally
organized in a conceptual way. Mechanical reproduction is substantially less accurate, which is
usually linked to this types relative weakness when it comes to remembering material with poor
logical flow. On top of this, they are capable of highly accurate recollection of visual information
that lacks logical flow, if it was received under intensely focused attention. For example, INTJs
can reproduce many details of the rapidly changing scenery when driving in a car. This seems to
be related to the fact that they are shutting off the reflection process when taking in the
information.
INTJs learn best when teaching is systematic (e.g., an organized degree or certification program)
and intensive. However, they are also able to learn material from sources not unified by a single
formal learning process (e.g., individual courses or readings). Independent work with the material
being studied is valuable to their learning. The difficulty of the material only increases an INTJs
drive to understand it, and INTJs are capable of learning material on their own. Visual aids help
them learn, but are not very important for their overall assimilation of a topic.
INTJs are good at actively working with material they understand and receive great satisfaction
from it. They are able to apply it in concrete tasks or develop it and expand on it in an assigned
direction.
INTJs have a high tolerance to high levels of learning related stress. However, they prefer to
evenly distribute their efforts when learning new material, rather than resorting to last-minute
cramming.

Your Type Preferences

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(47%) Thinking(9%) Judging(41%)
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An INTJs learning is improved when:

Learning is systematic and intensive
Material is presented on a conceptual basis
Material is delivered at moderate pace
Material is presented from different viewpoints or using various examples (improves retention)
Material is presented in a historical context and with its historical applications (improves
retention)
The same material is presented more than once (improves retention)
An INTJs learning is hindered when:
Significant amounts of information lacking substantial theoretical connection are presented at a
fast pace
Material is trivial (sharply reduces interest)
The knowledge received does not significantly broaden and deepen their understanding
The material calls for a strong emotional reaction

INTJ Communication Skills

INTJs try to figure out how the world around them is structured and what can be changed in it.
They feel the best when they have figured something out and know how to improve it.
INTJs are comfortable carrying out a conversation. They are neither arrogant nor are they formal,
but might refrain from becoming quick acquaintances. They can come up against difficulties in
situations requiring finer soft skills when communicating, such as being very tactful or particularly
patient. On the whole, INTJs respect the established rules of communications although at times
they may see them as a formality or a relic of tradition.
INTJs may find it difficult to express themselves about the finer feelings of the soul: the topics of
love or lyric poetry can fail to elicit a strong emotional response in them.
In communication INTJs usually come across as well thought out and to the point. Despite their
introversive attitude, when they have something they find profoundly interesting, like an idea or
project of some sort, their enthusiasm about it may become quite contagious and can spread
to those around them.
At times, INTJs seem somewhat closed and distant in communication. But it is during this time
that they are revising their views and conceptions, and/or are involved in forming new ones. Those
who can guess the reasons for their apparent detachedness can easily engage INTJs in

conversation my making some critical comment regarding the concepts INTJs have deduced. In
these situations INTJs can quite often become wordy and very talkative.
An INTJs social contacts are, as a rule, low in number and mostly limited to his or her circle of
relatives, friends, colleagues and others of a like mind.
That being said, INTJs can have quite a few business contacts, because many people find it
interesting or important to get an INTJs in-depth expert opinion, which they can offer on many
serious issues. Their business communication usually includes exchange of points of view, ideas,
discussing organizational methods and solutions.
Your Type Preferences
Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(47%) Thinking(9%) Judging(41%)
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INTJ: Strategies for Successful Communication

INTJs easily find common ground with people of the same mindset, or to put it differently, with
people that also belong to the intuitive/thinking group (NT) that includes ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP, and
INTP personality types. As a rule, people in this group have roughly the same way of seeing the
world, and therefore INTJs easily share their views with other NTs and at the same time are
disposed toward comprehending other NTs reasoning or views.
For effective communication with people in the sensory/thinking group (ST) including ESTJ,
ISTJ, ESTP and ISTP personality types, INTJs should mostly keep to communication based upon
facts and the consequences directly proceeding from them. INTJs can adapt to this type of
communication, despite the fact that it may seem somewhat dry to them. And for people in the ST
group, on the other hand, this style of communication is very suited to their way of thinking, so
they should absorb it well.
For effective communication with people in the intuitive/feeling group (NF) including ENFJ,
INFJ, ENFP, and INFP personality types, INTJs should mostly keep to communication based on
ideas, concepts and theories. Communication between INTJs and representatives of this group
often touches multiple aspects of the discussion and is beneficial to both sides. That said,
sometimes they might find it difficult to bring these discussions to practical steps that both parties
agree upon. This happens because a significant proportion of representatives of the NF group
judge a situation primarily based on their feelings, whereas INTJs try to keep to the most
objective, impartial view as possible, regarding the same situation. Because of this, differences can
arise in their opinions on what course of action to take.
INTJs face the greatest difficulty communicating with representatives of the sensory/feeling group
(SF) including ESFJ, ISFJ, ESFP, and ISFP personality types. When communicating with people
from this group, it is best for INTJs to keep to communication based upon feelings, facts, and

concrete sensations. The problem, however, lies in the fact that INTJs find it difficult to maintain a
dialogue in this fashion. They end up having to strain in order to put it in the form that
representatives of the SF group can understand, which can often lead to INTJs trying to wrap up
the conversation, or causes irritation at the failure of the other side to get it. In order to ensure
a level of communication that is acceptable to both sides, INTJs should prepare themselves
beforehand to a communication style that suits SF people.
How to determine which personality type group another person belongs to?
What helps successful communication for an INTJ:
Enough time to ponder the discussion topic
The possibility of taking a break during the conversation (see the previous bullet)
Conceptual nature of the conversation (strategic vs. being focused on details)
The topic calls for finding unobvious solutions/hidden possibilities
The topic requires clear understanding of perspective and how events can unfold
The topic calls for creativity
Communication with people from the NT or NF groups
What hinders successful communication for an INTJ:
Fast-paced communication with poor logical flow
The conversation is of a purely practical nature
The conversation involves the finer feelings of the soul (love, sorrow) for too long
Communication with people from the SF group for too long

Personality Type Explained

According to Carl G. Jung's theory of psychological types [Jung, 1971], people can be
characterized by their preference of general attitude:
Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I),
their preference of one of the two functions of perception:
Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N),
and their preference of one of the two functions of judging:
Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)
The three areas of preferences introduced by Jung are dichotomies (i.e. bipolar dimensions where
each pole represents a different preference). Jung also proposed that in a person one of the four
functions above is dominant either a function of perception or a function of judging. Isabel
Briggs Myers, a researcher and practitioner of Jungs theory, proposed to see the judgingperceiving relationship as a fourth dichotomy influencing personality type [Briggs Myers, 1980]:
Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)
The first criterion, Extraversion Introversion, signifies the source and direction of a persons
energy expression. An extraverts source and direction of energy expression is mainly in the

external world, while an introvert has a source of energy mainly in their own internal world.
The second criterion, Sensing Intuition, represents the method by which someone perceives
information. Sensing means that a person mainly believes information he or she receives directly
from the external world. Intuition means that a person believes mainly information he or she
receives from the internal or imaginative world.
The third criterion, Thinking Feeling, represents how a person processes information. Thinking
means that a person makes a decision mainly through logic. Feeling means that, as a rule, he or
she makes a decision based on emotion, i.e. based on what they feel they should do.
The fourth criterion, Judging Perceiving, reflects how a person implements the information he
or she has processed. Judging means that a person organizes all of his life events and, as a rule,
sticks to his plans. Perceiving means that he or she is inclined to improvise and explore alternative
options.
All possible permutations of preferences in the 4 dichotomies above yield 16 different
combinations, or personality types, representing which of the two poles in each of the four
dichotomies dominates in a person, thus defining 16 different personality types. Each personality
type can be assigned a 4 letter acronym of corresponding combination of preferences:
The 16 personality types
ESTJ
ISTJ
ENTJ
INTJ
ESTP
ISTP
ENTP
INTP
ESFJ
ISFJ
ENFJ
INFJ
ESFP
ISFP
ENFP
INFP
The first letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the first letter of the preference of
general attitude - E for extraversion and I for introversion.
The second letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the preference within the
sensing-intuition dimension: S stands for sensing and N stands for intuition.

The third letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to preference within the thinkingfeeling pair: T stands for thinking and F stands for feeling.
The forth letter in the personality type acronym corresponds a persons preference within the
judging-perceiving pair: J for judging and P for perception.
For example:
ISTJ stands for Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging
ENFP stands for Extraverted, iNtuitive, Feeling, Perceiving
Your Type Preferences
Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(47%) Thinking(9%) Judging(41%)
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What do percentages next to the personality type words or letters mean?

Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test (JTT) and Jung Typology Profiler for Workplace
(JTPW) instrument determine the expressiveness of each of the four personality type
dimensions (Extraversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, and
Judging vs. Perceiving.
In JTT and JTPW, the scales of these four dimensions represent a continuum between two
opposite poles, from 100 at one pole to 100 at another pole. I.e. Extravert-Introvert dimension is a
continuum from 100 on Extraversion (i.e. respondent is a 100% extravert) to 100 on Introversion
(i.e. respondent is a 100% introvert). In other words the scale is 200 units long:
Extravert [100% - - - 0% - - - 100%] Introvert
People may reveal features of both poles but typically have a preference of one way over the other.
The letter indicates the preference and the percentage indicates the extent of it.
The E-I score of 0% means the respondent is at the borderline between being an extravert and an
introvert. Having Extraversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% - means being 20% more slanted
toward Extraversion over Introversion. Having Introversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% means being 20% more slanted toward Introversion over Extraversion.
The same pertains to the S-N, T-F, and J-P dichotomies.
The Basics of Jung's Typology
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)Jung called Extraversion-Introversion preference general attitude,
since it reflects an individuals attitude toward the external world distinguished by the
direction of general interest [Jung, 1971]: the extravert maintains affinity for, and sources

energy from the outer world, whereas the introvert is the other way around their general interest
is directed toward their inner world, which is the source of their energy.
As mentioned above, Jung introduced a pair of judging functions - thinking and feeling - and a
pair of perception functions sensing (or sensation), and intuition.
Sensing-Intuition preference represents the method by which one perceives information: Sensing
means an individual mainly relies on concrete, actual information - in so far as objects release
sensations, they matter [1], whereas Intuition means a person relies upon their conception about
things based on their understanding of the world. Thinking-Feeling preference indicates the way
an individual processes information. Thinking preference means an individual makes decisions
based on logical reasoning, and is less affected by feelings and emotions. Feeling preference
means that an individual's base for decisions is mainly feelings and emotions.
Jung introduced the idea of hierarchy and direction of psychological functions. According to Jung,
one of the psychological functions - a function from either judging or perception pair would be
primary (also called dominant). In other words, one pole of the poles of the two dichotomies
(Sensing-Feeling and Thinking-Feeling) dominates over the rest of the poles. The ExtraversionIntroversion preference sets the direction of the dominant function: the direction points to the
source of energy that feeds it i.e. to the outer world for extraverts and to the inner world for
introverts.
Jung suggested that a function from the other pair would be secondary (also called auxiliary) but
still be a determining factor [Jung, 1971]. I.e. if Intuition is dominant, then the auxiliary one
is either Thinking or Feeling. If Sensing is dominant, then the auxiliary one can also be either
Thinking or Feeling. However, if Thinking is dominant, then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or
Intuition, and if Feeling is dominant then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or Intuition. In other
words, the auxiliary function never belongs to the same dichotomy.
Jung called feeling and thinking types rational because they are characterized by the
dominance of judging functions that provide reasoning rationale (be it thinking or feeling).
Rational or Judging preference results in thinking, feelings, response and behaviour that
consciously operate in line with certain rules, principles or norms. People with dominant "rational"
or judging preference perceive the world as an ordered structure that follows a set of rules.
He called sensing and intuitive types irrational because they are characterized by dominance
of the functions of perception (either sensing or intuition), and therefore their commissions and
omissions are based not upon reasoned judgment but upon the absolute intensity of perception
[Jung, 1971]. Irrational or Perceiving preference operates with opportunities, i.e. with a range
of possible outcomes that result from assumed premises or from sensations, mostly driven by the
unconscious processes. People with dominant "irrational" or Perceiving preference thinking see
the world as a structure that can take various forms and outcomes. It is possible to determine,
either by observation or by asking certain questions, preference of Judging vs. Perceiving and the
strength thereof in a person.

References
Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological types (Collected works of C. G. Jung, volume 6, Chapter X)
Briggs Myers, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type