MEDHERB GREEN PAGES-2009

INDIA AND INDONESIA

A handbook of authentic updated information on

India and Indonesia medicinal and aromatic plants’ trade sector

Janak Raj Rawal

RAWAL MEDHERBS CONSULTANTS PRIVATE LIMITED

INDIA
 Foreword 12
From the Desk of Editor 13

SECTION-1 INDIA 15
Major Herbal Trading Centers in India 16
Chapter-1 Export of Medicinal Plants (2006-2007) 17
Chapter-2 Indian Medicinal Plants in Trade 43
Chapter-3 Optimisation of Research & Development
in Herbal Sector 53
Chapter-4 Medherb Information 63
Government Circulars 64
Checklist of G.M.P. for Drug Inspectors 64
Centrally Sponsored Scheme of National
Mission on Medicinal Plants 72
Form for Record of Utilization of Raw Material 87
Prohibited/negative List of Medicinal Plants for
Exports from India 89
Chapter-5 Special Features 91
Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) 93
Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) 95
Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) 98
Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) 100
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) 102
Suppliers of Aloe Vera, Henna, Isabgol, Senna, Stevia 104
Chapter-6 Stakeholders Directory 125
Abbreviation used in Stakeholder Directory 126
Cultivation Crop mentioned in Cultivators' Data 126
Cultivators 127
Dealers, Exporters & Importers 141
Exporters, Extractors & Manufacturers 209
Organisations 309

SECTION-2 CRUDE MEDICINAL PLANTS 319

Chapter-1 Photographs of Crude Plants & their Parts 320
Chapter-2 Names of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 341
Index of English/Indian/Indonesian/Botanical Names 345

SECTION-3 INDONESIA 351

Chapter-1 Indonesia: The Land of Spices 353
Chapter-2 Criteria and Procedure of Drug Registration 359
Procedure of Drug and Biological Product Evaluation
for Marketing Approval 367
Most Tradable Items of Indonesia 368
List of Chambers of Commerce and Trade Associations 369
Chapter-3 Stakeholders Directory 371

ADVERTISERS' INDEX 385

 FOREWORD

I congratulate Mr. Janak Raj Rawal & his team who must have worked hard to bring the present
edition of Medherb Green Pages and it is my privilege to write this foreword.

The scope of this publication is unique as it contains information that should be useful to different
stakeholders involved in the field of medicinal and aromatic plants.

The annual demand and supply of botanical raw drugs in India has been estimated at 319,500 MT
(dry/wt) for the year 2005-06. This quantity excludes such entities which are well known as spices, fruits,
vegetables etc. and the total annual trade value of these botanical raw drugs has been estimated at
Rs.1069 crores.

Medherb Green Pages is being brought out annually and the current edition is the 7th in this
sequence. Each edition updates the data on aspects relating to regulations, exports and the directory of
stakeholders. It also focuses on medicinal plants trade between India and an important country having
significant medicinal plants trade. Last year's edition (6th) covered India and Germany and the current
edition (7th) is covering India and Indonesia.

One of the highlights of this publication is the incorporation of good quality photographs of plant
raw drugs in trade. These will be found useful by the different stakeholders related to the medicinal
plant trade. Like the earlier editions there is a chapter on export of medicinal plants which provides the
details of quantities and value, linked to the HS codes, exported during 2006-07. For some of the major
medicinal plant entities/commodities, the trends over the last 3 years have also analyzed. This chapter
also provides breakup of country wise exports. I am sure this data will be found useful by the
traders/exporters and others.

Like earlier editions the Medherb Green Pages 2009 incorporates the directory of various
medicinal plant related stakeholders. This directory is the only one of its kind and has been organized
state wise with classification of each enlisted agency as a dealer, exporter or importer. A separate
enlistment, state wise, has been incorporated under the category cultivators. There is a special chapter
on Herbal drug Industry in Indonesia.

I convey my best wishes for the success of such endeavors in future as well.

D.K. Ved
th
16 March, 2009 Director
 With this issue, Medherb Green Pages (MGP) moves into the seventh year of its publication. Apart
from the useful information on medicinal plants trade that Medherb Green Pages is now recognized for,
this issue brings a special focus on Indonesia. Like all our country specific sections in our past editions, I
have devoted time and energy to personally visit Indonesia to collect, collate and compile the
information about the Indonesian medicinal plants production and trade scenario. It was also an
important opportunity for me to discuss issues related to medicinal plants production and trade with
various stakeholders in Indonesia. I hope the insights generated during the endeavor are adequately
reflected in the volume at hand and will be considered useful by our patrons.

Indonesia is an archipelago comprising of more than 40 islands that are known for a very rich
heritage of biological diversity. More than 25000 flowering plants and 10000 flowering trees having
been documented till date. Social and linguistic diversity leads to multiplicity of vernacular names for a
single species of a plant often making it tedious to identify correct botanical identity of many plants
being put to medicinal uses.

Indonesian herbal market is more known for its non woody plants such as rattan, bamboo, illipe
nuts, roots, fruits and drug plants including range of spices and essential oils. Indonesian Patchouli,
Clove Oil and Gambir are world famous. Nutmeg (Pala), Black Pepper (Merica Hitam), Cinnamon (Kayu
Manis Cina), Turmeric (Kiecur) and Betel Nut (Pinang) are other important products. Indonesia is also
well known for Mangosteen (Manggis) Rind and Vanilla (Panili) beans, White Turmeric (Kunir Putih) and
White Cardamom (Kopulaga) also. Resinous material and gums widely used for paints, adhesives and
various extractives are another important class of forest products that includes, Gum Damarbatu
(Matakucing), Gum Copal(Copal), Benzoin (Kemenyan) and Samrani (Matacochi). It is notable that Betel
Nut was once a major export from Indonesia to India. The volumes went down after the imposition of
stiff customs duty by the Indian government to protect the interest of Indian farmers engaged Betel Nut
cultivation. This issue of MGP provides useful information and data on trade between India and
Indonesia with photographs of 200 major plants.

As the readers will appreciate, Nepal is an important country from the perspective of medicinal
plants trade. This had prompted us to devote considerable to Nepal in MGP's 2004 edition. Due to
recent political changes in Nepal more opportunities may have opened up for Indo-Nepal herbal trade.
In view of the feedback of a large number of readers, we have decided to revisit the medicinal plants
production and trade scenario in Nepal in the next issue of MGP.

Lastly, I assure the readers of MGP of our best efforts to serve them through provision of authentic
and up-to-date information from the medicinal plants domain. I hope we continue to enjoy your
encouragement and patronage in the times to come.

th
14 April, 2009 Janak Raj Rawal
15
 JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Srinagar

Jammu

Mandi
Amritsar
HIMACHAL PRADESH
PUNJAB Dehradun
Ludhiana UTTARAKHAND
Haridwar
HARYANA Saharanpur Ramnagar
Tanakpur
DELHI
Moradabad ARUNACHAL PRADESH
RAJASTHAN Bareilly
Hathras SIKKIM
Jaipur
Jodhpur UTTAR PRADESH Nagaon
Ajmer Gwalior Lucknow Siliguri
Sheopur ASSAM
Sojat Rexaul Guwahati NAGALAND
Kanpur
Shivpuri Patna Shillong
Neemuch MEGHALAYA
Sidhpur BIHAR Imphal
Lalitpur Katni Sahibganj
Unjha Mandsaur MANIPUR
MADHYA PRADESH JHARKHAND
Ahmedabad
WEST BENGAL MIZORAM
Bhopal Kolkata
GUJARAT Jabalpur Bilaspur
Indore
Betul
Raipur Raigarh Jharsuguda

Dhamtari ORISSA
CHHATTISGARH Cuttack
Kanker Berhampur
MAHARASHTRA
Jagdalpur
Mumbai Junnar
Navi Mumbai Vishkhapatnam
Pune
Hyderabad
Kolhapur
Vijayawada
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
GOA
Port Blair

Bangalore

Mysore Chennai ANDAMAN & NICOBAR

KERALA TAMIL NADU

Palakkad Dindigul Pudukkottai
Thrissur
Madurai
Cochin
Virudhunagar
Tuticorin
Nagercoil

16 The external boundary of India as shown in this map is neither authentic nor correct, Not to scale.
17
Exports of Medicinal Plants Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009

Split up of herbal exports (value based) Guargum Treated & Pulverised. . . . . . . . . . 47%

Psyllium Husk (Isabgol Husk). . . . . . . . . . . . 12%

Other Extracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%

Guar Gum Refined Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%

Medicants of Ayurvedic System . . . . . . . . . . 4%

Niger Seed W/N Broken. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3%

Extracts Cambodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3%

Henna Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2%

Senna Leaves and Pods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1%

Sandal Wood Chips & Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1%

Rest all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%

Split Up of Herbal Exports (quantity Based)

Gums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57%

Raw Herbs & their Powders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24%

Extracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15%

Medicants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%

18 Exports of Medicinal Plants

 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009 Exports of Medicinal Plants

'000,000
Value
(in INR)
Exports from India (top 15 countries)
Year 2006 - 2007

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
USA China Germany Japan U Arab South Australia Italy Pakistan Netherland Russia UK Belgium Spain Indonesia
P RP Emts Africa IR

'000,000
Value
(in INR) Exports trend
Financial Year 2002-2003 to 2006-2007

250000

(204251.66)
200000
(177571.35)
(153151.67)
150000

100000

(57018.04)
(54534.99)
50000

0
2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007

Exports of Medicinal Plants 19

Indian Medicinal Plants in Trade
Country Name ..........Value in INR ‘00000
U S A .........................................................79973.41
China P RP .............................................15829.51
Germany .................................................15577.24
Japan ........................................................10842.73
U Arab Emts .............................................6154.48
South Africa .............................................5268.61
Australia ....................................................4240.24
Italy .............................................................4229.36
Pakistan IR ................................................3828.75
Netherland ...............................................3779.93
Russia ..........................................................3673.45
U K................................................................3662.21
Belgium .....................................................3523.10
Spain ...........................................................2769.19
Indonesia ..................................................2645.15
Canada .......................................................2422.87
France ........................................................2301.87
Mexico .......................................................2067.24
Brazil ...........................................................1867.58
Denmark ...................................................1848.45
Korea RP ....................................................1831.03
Malaysia ....................................................1723.40
Hong Kong ...............................................1586.26
Nepal ..........................................................1504.66
Switzerland ..............................................1420.34
Singapore .................................................1401.84
Saudi Arab ................................................1231.13
Taiwan ........................................................1158.67
Thailand .....................................................1024.43
Turkey ...........................................................926.35
Bangladesh PR ..........................................875.83
Poland ..........................................................777.50
Vietnam Soc Rep ......................................737.78
Egypt A RP ...................................................646.01
Iran ................................................................630.31
Argentina ....................................................617.49
Sri Lanka DSR ............................................546.56
Syria ...............................................................463.11
Ukraine .........................................................444.39
Sudan ............................................................405.75
Israel ..............................................................395.32
Chile ..............................................................393.94
Kenya ............................................................381.29
Philippines ..................................................369.85
Benin .............................................................300.03
Afghanistan TIS .........................................245.76
Kuwait ...........................................................222.96
Guatemala ..................................................219.00
Colombia .....................................................216.44
Sweden ........................................................211.83
New Zealand ..............................................192.62
Hungary .......................................................190.40
Morocco ......................................................189.94
Nigeria ..........................................................186.49
20 Exports of Medicinal Plants
Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009
Country Name ..........Value in INR ‘00000
Greece ..........................................................172.07
Costa Rica ...................................................164.56
Algeria ..........................................................162.08
Venezuela ....................................................147.10
Rwanda ........................................................146.34
Oman ............................................................138.06
Tanzania Rep ..............................................137.22
Latvia .............................................................133.39
Jordan ...........................................................132.65
Zambia .........................................................124.49
Baharain IS ..................................................116.76
Yemen Republc .........................................101.27
Falkland IS .....................................................98.37
Zimbabwe ......................................................81.65
Mauritius ........................................................80.55
Korea DP RP .................................................78.74
Niger ...............................................................71.69
Bulgaria ..........................................................71.44
Norway ...........................................................71.23
Austria .............................................................68.75
Portugal ..........................................................68.59
Finland ............................................................67.14
Peru ..................................................................64.75
Ghana ..............................................................60.87
Romania .........................................................60.77
Uzbekistan ....................................................57.76
Guinea .............................................................56.67
Croatia ............................................................52.92
Lebanon .........................................................51.34
Kazakhstan ....................................................48.64
Netherlandantil ...........................................43.99
Fiji IS ................................................................43.04
Czech republic .............................................41.06
Moldova .........................................................38.87
Qatar ...............................................................38.57
Comoros ........................................................37.98
Kyrghyzstan ..................................................33.44
Maldives .........................................................33.11
Myanmar ........................................................31.76
Libya ................................................................30.45
Ecuador ..........................................................29.46
Iraq ...................................................................27.92
Azerbaijan .....................................................26.08
Panama Republic ........................................25.90
Ireland .............................................................25.68
Djibouti ...........................................................24.73
Malta ...............................................................23.58
Slovenia ..........................................................21.58
Tunisia .............................................................20.16
Uganda ...........................................................19.75
Mozambique ................................................19.32
Tajikistan ........................................................17.94
Angola ............................................................17.33
Union of Serbia & Montenegro ............15.26
Country Name ..........Value in INR ‘00000
Belarus ............................................................15.20
Mali ..................................................................15.06
Trinidad ...........................................................14.78
Lithuania ........................................................14.63
Brunei ..............................................................13.96
Honduras .......................................................13.83
Reunion ..........................................................13.18
Cayman IS .....................................................12.93
Seychelles ......................................................12.45
Turkmenistan ................................................12.23
Cocos IS...........................................................11.98
Panama C Z ...................................................11.87
Br Virgn IS .....................................................11.80
Christmas IS ....................................................8.52
Somalia .............................................................8.51
Uruguay ............................................................7.62
Cyprus ...............................................................6.83
Dominic Rep ...................................................6.60
Burundi .............................................................5.61
Guyana ..............................................................5.11
Cameroon ........................................................4.77
Namibia ............................................................4.59
Suriname ..........................................................4.39
Mongolia ..........................................................4.06
Puerto Rico ......................................................2.95
Sierra Leone ....................................................2.30
Togo ...................................................................2.23
El Salvador .......................................................2.15
Armenia ............................................................2.04
Cote D' Ivoire ..................................................1.97
Macedonia .......................................................1.91
Bahamas ...........................................................1.89
Bolivia ................................................................1.45
Malawi ...............................................................1.43
St Vincent .........................................................1.39
Faroe IS .............................................................1.05
Palau ..................................................................0.90
Congo P Rep ...................................................0.84
Botswana ..........................................................0.78
Macao ................................................................0.71
Papua N Gna ...................................................0.70
Liberia ................................................................0.46
Chad ...................................................................0.31
Luxembourg ....................................................0.31
Madagascar .....................................................0.27
Slovak Rep .......................................................0.24
Ethiopia .............................................................0.18
Jamaica .............................................................0.17
St Kitt N A ........................................................0.06
Albania ..............................................................0.03
Georgia .............................................................0.01
Unspecified ................................................233.53
* Graph on page 19
43
Indian Medicinal Plants in Trade
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TRADE
(A case study of adulterants and their identification)
Abstract
Out of about 46,000 plant species described in India around
6000 species are used as medicinal plants in all the codified and non
codified systems of medicine prevalent in India. From these, 2400
species are documented in codified medicinal systems namely
Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Swa-rigpa (Tibetan), Homoeopathy and
Western and 3600 species are exclusively used by ethnic
communities across the various ecosystems in the country. Around a
1000 species used by codified systems are also used by the ethnic
communities. Thus, the ethnic communities totally use around 4600
species. Out of these 6000 medicinal plants 960 species are in trade
for manufacturing medicines by more than 9000 licensed
manufacturing units all over the country.
Under the crude drug identification services of NISCAIR, 3586
crude drug samples have been received for identification from
various plant based pharmaceutical companies, traders of
medicinal plants, crude drug dealers, research students and
teachers from various Universities, Colleges of Pharmacy, and
scientists from various Research Institutions, during April 1998 to
November 2008. Out of them, 401 samples have been found
botanically erroneous. The usage of such adulterated or spurious
raw materials for manufacturing medicine in place of genuine one is
responsible for lowering quality and efficacy of the drug because the
adulterated material may not have the active compound. Moreover,
it may have toxic compound that may cause deleterious effect on
human health. Consequently, reliability of the finished products at
national and international level is affected and betraying the faith of
people on Indian Systems of Medicine.
For the protection of consumer's interest, correct botanical
identity of the crude drug is essential. Unfortunately there is no
single method to assure 100 per cent correct identification of the
crude drug material but the goal can be achieved through the
application of a variety of different methodologies. The whole
process starts with from the collection of the material and keeping
good voucher specimens that act as reference material followed by
macroscopic and microscopic examinations, Chemical analysis and
DNA-based techniques. Therefore, the present study suggests that
correct botanical identity and authenticity of the crude drug
materials must be ensured before using the same for preparing
medicine.
Introduction
Crude drugs are the starting raw material for manufacturing
herbal medicines. Efficacy of any medicine depends on the
genuineness and quality of the raw materials used for its
preparation. In the days of yore, Vaidyas or Hakims were well
acquainted with the herbs used by them as medicine for treatment
of an ailment. They were not only used to collect medicinal plants
from the nearly forests, but also preparing various drug
formulations themselves as per needs of the patients. Therefore,
44 Indian Medicinal Plants in Trade
Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009
there was a least chance of using material other than the genuine
one as medicine. But present day scenario is entirely different and
has gone dramatic change during the last century on account of the
shift of manufacturing process from home scale produce to
industrial production and most of the herbal practitioners and plant
based Pharmaceutical Companies largely depend upon the crude
drug dealers and traders to meet their requirement of raw materials.
Today over 700 manufactured products are prepared by more than
9000 licensed manufacturing units in India and the annual domestic
consumption by the Indian herbal Industry during the year 2005-
2006 was 1,70,000 MT (Ved & Goraya, 2007). Because of wide spread
belief that herbal medicines are safer than synthetic drugs, demand
of medicinal plants has increased many fold in the national and
international markets. Besides, demands of medicinal plants are also
increasing to meat the needs of modern medicines, nutraceuticals,
food supplements, herbal cosmetics, and toiletry products in
national and international markets. It is estimated that the current
domestic turnover of herbal products in India is in between Rs. 7000
to 8000 crores per annum. Foreign trade related to finish herbal
products as well as raw materials is Rs. 3,600 crores per annum.
Further, the domestic as well as export turnover of herbal products
in India will increase up to Rs. 14,500/- and 9,000/- crores
respectively by 2012 (Anonymous, 2008).
Thus the commercial exploitation of medicinal plants at global
level has shown tremendous growth making it a 68 Billion US $
industry with about 30% annual growth, which is expected to touch
one trillion US $ by 2020 and 5 Trillion US $ by the years 2050 (Singh,
2007).
As cultivation of medicinal plants in India is limited, over 90
percent medicinal plants are being harvested from the wild habitats
to meet ever-growing demands of national and international
market. But, due to various natural and man made factors like earth
quakes, landslides, Tsunamy, floods, draughts, Forest wildfires,
population growth, urbanization, industrialization, mining,
construction of highways, dams, introduction of exotic species,
increase in agriculture land, slash or burn agriculture practices,
grazing, over exploitation, injudicious or unscientific collection from
wild, illegal trade in endangered species, etc. natural habitats of
medicinal plants are destroying. As a result, natural population of
medicinal plants is depleting. Recently, International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has reported
that over 200 Indian medicinal plants have come at the verge of
danger of threat (Singh, 2007). Consequently, availability of these
medicinal plants is decreasing. Due to less availability of medicinal
plants and high demand of these plants, there is a gap in demand
and supply that lead to adulteration and substitution for genuine
material. The works carried out on identification of spurious crude
drugs have been reviewed by Mehrotra et al (2003). Singh & Kumar
(2005) are of the opinion that about 9.48 percent crude drug
samples found spurious in the market. The usages of such
adulterated or spurious raw materials for manufacturing medicine
deteriorate the quality and efficacy of the finished product.
Stall View Arogya-2007, Delhi Consultancy Arogya-2007, Delhi

Mr. J.R. Rawal Felicitating Dr. B.K. Rao, Chairman, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Mr. N. Anjum, Mr. J.R. Rawal, Mr. M.M. Mehta Hi-Maps 2008, Delhi

Craze for Medherb Green Pages Hi-Maps 2008, Delhi Team Medherb Hi-Maps 2008, Delhi

Hall View World Ayurveda Congress-2008, Jaipur A Light Moment World Ayurveda Congress-2008, Jaipur
53
Optimisation of Research & Development in Herbal Sector
OPTMISATION OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
IN HERBAL SECTOR
Abstract
The uses of herbals for care and cure are as ancient as human
civilization (Majno, 1975) and have great growth potential in global
market due to inexpensive and better cultural acceptability (Dhar et
al, 2002). Early men lived in harmony with their environment, thus
different topographic and climatic conditions all over the world
gave rise to different vegetation, leading to the different traditional
herbs to treat similar ailments in various parts of the world (Kumar,
2002). Simply defined, traditional medicine is the application of
indigenous beliefs, knowledge, skills and cultural practices
concerned to human health. The medicinal plants are used in crude
form, fresh juice, paste or powder, but now with the advancement of
pharmaceutical sciences, they have been made into more
acceptable and in easy ingestible form such as decoctions, syrup,
tinctures, herbal teas, tablets, confections, steam distillate etc. They
are available in market claimed and certified as from 'bio-mass to
bottle' or from 'kilogram to milligram'. These therapeutic
compounds are end-products of long biosynthetic pathways and
are usually not needed in metabolic process of plants. The industrial
revolution and developments in organic chemistry, resulted for
synthetic products, which now being are avoided due to serious side
effects and for other problems. The reason for popularization of
synthetic drug was quick relief due to high purity of active
component, but the quick relief is linked with either quick or
chronological side effects, thus the game between synthetic and
herbal drugs resulted in the form of standardized herbal extracts
and phytochemicals, which explain why Mucuna pruriens
standardized extract has 2-3 times more anti-Parkinson activity,
compared with synthetic L-Dopa, with no side effect (Hussain and
Manyam, 1997). Specific attention by WHO for safety, efficacy and
economy of herbal drugs resulted in the development of
scientifically validated methods for manufacturing and analysis of
the same (WHO,1996 ).
Herbals are presently in market either as food supplement or
drug with claim of efficacy without side-effects. The synergistic
behavior of herbals in biological system, unique property, is being
utilized skillfully in the new drug development and treatment of
various fatal diseases, even less effective form to target disease
helps in explaining the mechanism of action. Scientifically designed
target oriented, analytically validated herbals have high
acceptability in the global market. The present review is an attempt
to generate interest to produce quality herbals as need of regulatory
authorities and international market.
Introduction
The increasing acceptability of herbals is due to minimum side-
effects and better compatibility with human body. The success of
herbals is based as much on its purity and uniformity of the
constituents, so their physico-chemical, pharmacological and
pharmacognostic properties are studies along with quantitative
characteristics. The assessment of herbals as drug is directly link with
54 Optimisation of Research & Development in Herbal Sector
Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009
the ability to accurately determine the therapeutic constituents. The
safety and efficacy of traditional medicines has been elucidated on
this phenomenon, which provides clue for new drug discovery also
(Mukherjee, 2002). The active component in herbal drugs have more
bioavailability than pure one, due to synergism, which starts from
cellular level to physiological action e.g. ascorbic acid from citrus is
more bio-available than from pure source. Citrus extract contains
flavonoids (hisperidin, quercetin, myrecetin etc and ascorbic acid.
These flavonoids provide synergism to the ascorbic acid, resulted
the higher boavailability of ascorbic acid (Chakkaravarti et al., 2005).
The anti oxidant potential of Chyavanpras is more than equivalent
amount of vitamin C, which is due to synergistic action of amla
(Embalica officinalis) with other ingredients(Govindarajan et al.,
2005). Sennoside–A and sennoside–C have similar laxative effects,
however a mixture of these compounds has double the activity, this
is due to the reason that inert compounds do not directly affect the
chemical mechanism, but influence bio-availability and excretion of
active component, providing stability to it and minimizing side
effects (Balachandran e. al., 2005). Withania somnifera may be used
during paclitaxel treatment for the prevention of bone marrow
depression, associated with side effect of it. The active constituent
withaferin A, isolated from the W. somnifera has significant anti
tumor and radio sensitising effect in tumors. It also reduces
cyclophosphamide induced side effects, so can be used in
combination of chemotherapy (Barrava et al., 2005).Quercetin, a
major flavonoid in apple (Malus pumila), has no effect on lipid
oxidation suggesting that quercetin alone is not responsible for the
apple's ability to inhibit lipid oxidation. But other antioxidants
including quercetin contribute to the anti – oxidant activity of apple
(Chakkaravarti et al., 2005) .The anti–oxidant activity is higher in juice
extracted from whole Pomegranate than in juice obtained from arils
only. The standardized extract of Tribulus terrestris for saponins,
Withania somnifera for withanolides and alkaloids, Commiphora
mukul for E & Z guggulsterones(HPLC) and total guggulsterones
(UV), Boswellia serrata for boswellic acids(mainly for -Boswellic acid),
Rauwolfia serpentina extract for reserpine etc. are in use recently,
while synthetic compounds are far away from healthy therapeutic
purposes, though it is easier to synthesize the compounds in
laboratory than standardization of herbals as drugs, but is difficult to
use these for cure without side-effects.
Table 1: Comparative table for synthetic vs. herbal drugs
Sl. no. Parameter Synthetic Herbal drug
1 Cost High Low
2 Chemistry Usually simple Usually complex
3 Target High Usually complex
4 Affinity High Low
5 Potency High Low
6 Incidence of Higher, often Lower, Often
side effects unpredictable predictable
7 Action Drastic change in Restore physiological
physiological action balance
8 In vitro test Often adequate Inadequate
9 Patents Easy Difficult
63
Medherb Information Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009

No.T-12016/1/2005-APC No.Z 12018/1/2008-DCC (AYUSH)

Government of India Government of India
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani,
Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH)
IRCS Annexe Building, New Delhi
IRCS Annexe Building, New Delhi
7th December, 2007
09 April, 2008.
Officer Order To,
All State Drug Controllers (AYUSH)/Commissioner & FDA/
Subject: Permission for the use of Gamma irradiation for the Licensing Authorities/Directors of ISM&H
prevention of Microbial growth of Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani (ASU)
herbs, drugs and formulation-reg. Subject: Forwarding the check list of GMP of ASU drugs for Drug
Inspectors in the state for licensing of ASU drugs.
In super session of Office Order No.T-12016/1/2005-APC dated
01.08.07 on the subject mentioned above, the revised order is as
Sir,
under.
The undersigned is directed to forward herewith a check list of
Various associations for Ayurvedic Drug industry have Good Manufacturing Practice of ASU drugs for Drug Inspectors to
approached the Department of AYUSH seeking permission for the check GMP compliant units in the states. Before issue the GMP
use of Gama Irradiation treatment for the prevention of microbial certificates, the units should be inspected by the Drug Inspectors in
growth of medicinal herbs and formulations of Ayurveda. accordance to the check list, so that uniformity for GMP compliant
unit, should be maintained in the states.
Department of AYUSH undertook collaborative study at
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL). Jammu and Bhaba Atomic You are requested to send the compliance report to the
Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai for chemo-profiling and bio-
undersigned urgently.
efficacy evaluation of Ayurvedic herbal drugs and formulation pre-
treated by Gamma Irradiation for the prevention of microbial
growth. Gamma Irradiation treatment was given by BARC on 20 Yours faithfully
drugs and its chemical profiling and bio-efficacy evaluation was
done periodically for one year at RRL, Jammu. The results of the (S.K. Chadha)
study were evaluated by the Food & Technology Division of BARC, Director
Mumbai and Exports of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee
(APC). The results of this scientific study were consistent with the
earlier findings of the efficacy of Gamma Irradiation treatment for
Checklist of G.M.P. for drug inspectors
microbial Department of AYUSH contamination of herbs and
species. Based on the study and earlier study report a dose of 5-10 1 General
KGy was recommended for the prevention of microbial growth of 1.1 Names and designation of the inspection team
Ayurveda plant based drugs and formulations. The APC in its 1.2 Personnel
meeting held on 13-14 September, 2006 and 9-10 April,2007 has Name of In-charge
accepted the findings of the research study and recommended the (a) Production
use of Gamma Irradiation.
(b) Quality Assurance
Number of Production Supervisors/Asst. Mfg. Chemist
Keeping in view the utility of Gamma Irradiation for the
prevention of microbial growth increase of shelf-life and safety the Do all personnel receive GMP training?
dose of 5-10 KG, as recommended by BARC is permitted for (Check course content of training)
microbial Department of AYUSH contamination of ASU herbal drugs What is the periodicity of training?
and formulation. The required dose of Gamma Irradiation could be 3.6 Management and supervision
revised as per the advice of BARC, Mumbai from time to time. 3.6.2 Knowledge required
Manufacturers of ASU medicines shall be free to display use of Do Managers and supervisors have enough knowledge
Gamma Irradiation of the label of the container as per their of Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani medicines hygienic
requirement for domestics sale/exports. principles and practices to be able to judge potential
risks?
Department of Atomic Energy/BARC are requested to facilitate
Gamma Irradiation of ASU drugs and extend concessional changes 8 Training
as applicable in Food stems to ASU drugs as well. 8.1 Awareness and responsibilities
Are personnel aware of their role and responsibility in
(Shiv Basant) protecting Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani medicines from
Joint Secretary to the Government of India contamination or deterioration?

64 Medherb Information
 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009 Medherb Information

Sl. no. Crop name Botanical name Cost per acre (Rs.) Cost norms per hectare (Rs.)
1. Amla Emblica officinalis 26,000 65,000
2. Anantmool Hemidesmus indicus 14,000 35,000
3. Archa Rheum emodi 81,000 2,02,000
4. Arjun Terminalia arjuna 18,000 45,000
5. Ashok Saraca asoca 25,000 62,500
6. Ashwagandha Withania somnifera 10,000 25,000
7. Atis Aconitum heterophyllum 44,000 110,000
8. Bach Acorus calamus 25,000 62,500
9. Bael Aegle marmelos 16,000 40,000
10. Bahera Terminalia bellirica 16,000 40,000
11. Bankakri Podophyllum hexandrum 40,000 100,000
12. Beledona Atropa belladona 25,000 62,500
13. Bhumlamalaki Phyllanthus amarus 11,000 27,500
14. Bixa Bixa orellana 42,000 1,05,000
15. Brahmi Bacopa monnieri 16,000 40,000
16. Chirata Swertia chirata 33,000 82,500
17. Citronella Cymbopogon winterianus 20,000 50,000
18. Cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum 31,000 77,500
19. Coleus Coleus forskholii 17,200 43,000
20. Daruhaldi Berberis aristata 25,000 62,500
21. Gambari Gmelina arborea 18,000 45,000
22. Ghrit Kumari Aloe vera 17,000 42,500
23. Giloe Tinospora cordifolia 11,000 27,500
24. Gudmar Gymnema sylvestre 10,000 25,000
25. Guggal Commiphora wightii 64,000 1,60,000
26. Harar Terminalia chebula 16,000 40,000
27. Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi 81,000 2,02,000
28. Kalihari Gloriosa superba 55,000 137,500
29. Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata 10,000 25,000
30. Kokum Garcinia indica 25,000 62,500
31. Konch Mucuna prurita 8,000 20,000
32. Kuth Saussurea costus 35,000 87,500
33. Kutki Picrorhiza kurrooa 45,000 112,500
34. Lemon grass Cymbopogon flexuosus 20,000 50,000
35. Makoy Solanum nigrum 10,000 25,000
36. Mandukparni Centella asiatica 16,000 40,000
37. Manjishtha Rubia cordifolia 40,000 1,00,000
38. Mint Mentha piperita, Mentha arvernsis 16,000 40,000
39. Mulethi Glycyrrhiza glabra 40,000 100,000
40. Muskdana Abelmoschus moschatus 8,000 20,000
41. Neem Azadirachta indica 15,000 37,500
42. Patchouli Pogostemon coblem 26,000 65,000
43. Pippali Piper longum 25,000 62,500
44. Punarnava Boerhaavia diffusa 12,000 30,000
45. Pushkar Mool Inula racemosa 15,120 37,800
46. Ratalu Dioscorea bulbifera 25,000 62,500
47. Sadabahar Catharanthus roseus 10,000 25,000
48. Safed Musli Chlorophytum borivillianum 125,000 312,500
49. Sarpgandha Rauwolfia serpentina 25,000 62,500
50. Sea Buckthorn Hippophoe rhamnoides 20,000 50,000
51. Senna Cassia angustifolia 10,000 25,000
52. Shatavar Asparagus racemosus 25,000 62,500

Medherb Information 81
Medherb Information Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009

Sl. no. Crop name Botanical name Cost per acre (Rs.) Cost norms per hectare (Rs.)
53. Siris Albizzia lebbeck 15,000 37,500
54. Stevia Stevia rebaudiana 1,25,000 3,12,500
55. Tagar Valeniana wallichii 24,000 60,000
56. Tulsi Ocimum sanctium 12,000 30,000
57. Vaividang Embelia ribes 17,000 42,500

Note:
1 Economics on cultivation have been finalized based on reports of NABARD, CSIR, ICAR, ICFRE, Forest Deptt,, NHB and other reliable sources.
2 Economics of species have been worked out on the basis of inputs in the form of elite quality planting material.
3 These cost norms do not include expenditure towards manpower, infrastructure development and cost of land.
4 More plants may be added to this list as and when cost norms become available.

Sl. no. Botanical name Common name Eligible subsidy (%) Remark
1. Acorus calamus Linn. Vach 20
2. Aloe vera (Linn.) Burn. Ghritkumari 20
3. Andrographis paniculata (Linn.) Burn Kalmegh 20
4. Artemisia annua (Linn.) Artemisia 20
5. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Shatavari 20
6. Azadirachta indica A. Juss Neem 20
7. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Brahmi 20
8. Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Punarnava 20
9. Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Senna 20
10. Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Patang 20
11. Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Mandookparni 20
12. Chlorophytum borivillianum Sant. Shwet Musali 20
13. Cinnamomum verum Presl, C. tamala and C. camphora Dalchini, Tejpat, Kapoor 20
14. Coleus barbatus Benth. Pather Chur 20
15. Coleus vettiveroides K.C. Jacob Hrivera 20
16. Convolvulus microphyllus Shankhpushpi 20
17. Cryptolepis buchanani Roem & schult Krsna sariva 20
18. Digitalis purpurea Linn. Foxglove 20
19. Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Rotalu, Gethi 20
20. Embelia ribes Burm. f. Vai Vidang 20
21. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla 20
22. Garcinia indica Choisy Kokum 20 Commercial Crop
23. Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo 20
24. Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. Gudmar 20
25. Hedychium spicatum Buch-Ham.ex Smuth Kapur kachari 20
26. Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. Anantmool, Indian Sarsaparilla 20
27. Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Kurchi/Kutaj 20
28. Ipomoea petaloidea Choisy Vrddhadaruka 20
29. Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. Trivrit 20
30. Litsea glutinosa Listea 20
31. Lepidum sativum Linn. Chandrasur 20
32. Mucuna prurita Linn. Konch 20
33. Ocimum sanctum Linn. Tulsi 20
34. Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. Bhumi amlaki 20
35. Piper longum Linn. Pippali 20
36. Pluchea lanceolata (DC) CB Clark. Rasna 20
37. Solanum nigrum Linn. Makoy 20
38. Stevia rebaudiana Madhukari 20 Export Potential
39. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. & Arn. Arjuna 20
40. Terminalia bellirica Gaertn. Behera 20

82 Medherb Information
91
125
209
Organisations

309
319
Crude Medicinal Plants Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009

Acacia catechu Willd. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth.

English: Catechu English: Bael Fruit English: Siris Tree

Indian: Khair Indian: Bael Indian: Siris
Indonesian: ••• 1 Indonesian: Maja 2 Indonesian: Kitoke 3

Alyxia stellata Rest. Sch Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Cinnamomum verum J. Presl

English: ••• English: Sappanwood English: Cinnamon

Indian: ••• Indian: Patang Indian: Dalchini (South)
Indonesian: Pulosari 4 Indonesian: Secang 5 Indonesian: Kayu Manis Cina 6

Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon Crataeva religiosa Hook f. & Thoms. Ficus glomerata Roxb

English: ••• English: ••• English: •••

Indian: Bharangi Indian: Varun Chal Indian: Gular
Indonesian: Singugu 7 Indonesian: ••• 8 Indonesian: Elo 9

320 Crude medicinal plants

 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009 Crude Medicinal Plants

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. Cassia auriculata Linn.

English: Bastard Teak English: Milk Weed English: Avaram

Indian: Tesu Indian: Aak Indian: Tarwar
Indonesian: Palasa 1 Indonesian: ••• 2 Indonesian: ••• 3

Cinnamomum cassia Blume Gentiana olivieri Griseb Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn

English: Cinnamon English: Persian Gentian English: Shoe-flower

Indian: Taj Indian: Gul-e-ghafis Indian: Gudhal
Indonesian: ••• 4 Indonesian: ••• 5 Indonesian: Kembang Sepatu 6

Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f. Ixora coccinea Linn. Lavandula stoechas Linn.

English: Red Sorrel English: Jungle Flame Ixora English: French Lavender
Indian: Lal Ambari Indian: Raktaka Indian: Ustu Khuddos
Indonesian: Kembang Sepatu Sungsang 7 Indonesian: Soka 8 Indonesian: ••• 9

Crude medicinal plants 321

 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009 Crude Medicinal Plants

Botanical Name English Name Indian Name Indonesian Name Page/Photo No.
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Ambrette Mushkdana Kapas Hantu 332/1
Abies webbiana Lindl. East Himalayan Silver Fir Talispatra ••• 327/1
Abrus precatorius Linn. Jequirity Ratti Saga 332/2
Acacia catechu Willd. Catechu Khair ••• 320/1
Acacia concinna DC. Acacia Shikakai ••• 323/1
Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile Gum Arabic Babul ••• 323/2
Achyranthes aspera Linn. Prickly Chaff Flower Latjira Jarong 332/3
Acorus calamus Linn. Sweet Flag Bach Karimenga 330/1
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. Bael Fruit Bael Maja 320/2, 323/3
Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. Siris Tree Siris Kitoke 320/3
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Candle Nut Junglee Akhrot Kemiri 332/4
Aloe barbadensis Mill. Aloe Kumari Lidah Buaya 327/2
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Galangal Kulanjan Lengkuas 330/2
Althaea officinalis Linn. White Mallow Khatmi ••• 332/5
Alyxia stellata Rest. Sch ••• ••• Pulosari 320/4
Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton Java Cardamom Elaichi (Indonesia) Kapulaga 323/4
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees Andrographis Kalmegh Sambiloto 339/1
Anogeissus latifolia Wall. ••• Dhawda ••• 326/1
Apium graveolens Linn. Wild Celery Karfas Seledri 332/6
Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Eagle Wood Agar ••• 338/1
Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Agarwood Agar (Indonesia) Gaharu 338/2
Areca catechu Linn. Betel Nut Supari Pinang 323/5
Argemome maxicana Linn. Prickly Poppy Satyanasi Beej Daruju 332/7
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Tree Neem Mimba 327/3, 332/8
Berberis aristata DC. Indian Barberry Daruhaldi ••• 338/3
Bixa orellana Linn. Annatto Annato Kesumba Keling 332/9
Boswellia serrata Roxb. Olibanum Kunduru ••• 326/2
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kurtze Bastard Teak Tesu Palasa 321/1, 333/10
Caesalpinia crista Linn. Fever Nut Karanjwa ••• 323/6
Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Sappanwood Patang Secang 320/5
Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. Milk Weed Aak ••• 321/2
Canarium strictum Roxb. Black Dammar Gum Damar Matakucing 326/3
Cannabis sativa Linn. Hemp Bhaang ••• 333/11
Capsicum annuum Linn. var. acuminatum Red Chilli Lal Mirch Cabe Rawit 323/7
Carthamus tinctorius Linn. Safflower Kusum Kasumba 339/2
Cassia auriculata Linn. Avaram Tarwar ••• 321/3
Cassia fistula Linn. Indian Laburnum Amaltas Trengguli 333/12
Cassia occidentalis Linn. Coffee Senna Kasondi Kasingsat 333/13
Cassia tora Linn. Ringworm Plant Pawad Ketepeng 333/14
Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud Cedar Wood Devdaru ••• 338/4
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Indian Pennywort Mandukparni Antanan 327/4
Cinnamomum cassia Blume Cinnamon Taj ••• 321/4
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Cinnamon Dalchini (South) Kayu Manis Cina 320/6

Crude medicinal plants 341

 with Mrs. Farida Joelhaswin, CEO, Latransa Citra PT, Indonesia with Mr. Harmon Bermawi Thaib, Director for Business Services and SME,
Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Indonesia

with Mr. Amol Titus, Hon. Secretary, Economic Association of Indonesia and India, Indonesia with Mr. Narendra R. Lodaya, Indonesia

with Mr. John Andreas S., Ingtraco PT, Indonesia Cinnamomum with grading worker

Aloevera on sale in Super Malls in Jakarta Asparagus on sale in Super Malls in Jakarta
352
 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009 Indonesia: The Land of Spices

The external boundary of Indonesia as shown in this map is neither authentic nor correct. Not to scale.

Provinces of Indonesia
1. Aceh 7. Irian Jaya 13. Kalimantan Barat 19. Maluku Utara 25. Sulawesi Tenggara
2. Bali 8. Jakarta 14. Kalimantan Selatan 20. Nusa Tenggara Barat 26. Sulawesi Utara
3. Bangka-Belitung 9. Jambi 15. Kalimantan Tengah 21. Nusa Tenggara Timur 27. Sumatera Barat
4. Banten 10. Jawa Barat 16. Kalimantan Timur 22. Riau 28. Sumatera Selatan
5. Bengkulu 11. Jawa Tengah 17. Lampung 23. Sulawesi Selatan 29. Sumatera Utara
6. Gorontalo 12. Jawa Timur 18. Maluku 24. Sulawesi Tengah 30. Yogyakarta

National capital International boundary Secondary road

Provincial capital Provincial boundary Rail road
Town village Main road Major airport

Indonesia: The Land of Spices
The Indonesian archipelago consists of more than 13,000
islands covering an area of 200 million hectares and over 500 million
hectares of sea. About 6,000 of the islands are actually inhabited, the
most well known of these being Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali.
There is a mixture of many people, including European, Indian,
Chinese and the native Malays.
The country has 25,000 flowering plants, 4,000 species of land
fauna, and numerous aquatic species. These figures reflect
Indonesia's fantastic tropical biodiversity. Some 10,000 of the
flowering plants are categorized as trees. In addition to timber,
however, Indonesia's forests are endowed with a tremendous
number of non-wood forest products (NWFPs), medicinal plants are
included in this list. Modern farming, logging and mining
techniques pose a serious threat to this area which is famous for its
natural diversity.
Known as the Spice Islands, the archipelago Indonesia lies on
the equator. Today Indonesia has a population of about 180 million
multicultural inhabitants, speaking about 250 dialects. "Unity in
Diversity" is the Indonesian national motto.
Today the importance of the Spice Islands is as one of the few
surviving areas of primary tropical rainforest with rich natural
history. As the source of cloves and nutmeg they were the focus of
attention from traders since 300 B.C. or possibly earlier. Chinese,
Indian and Arab merchants sought out these riches long before the
European powers came to Maluku .Spice Islands most commonly
refer to the Maluku Islands.
The native Bandanese people traded spices with other Asian
nations, such as China, since at least the time of the Roman
Empire. With the rise of Islam, the trade became dominated by
Muslim traders. One ancient Arabic source appears to know the
location of the islands, describing them as fifteen days' sail East
Indonesia: The land of spices 355
359
Criteria and Procedure of Drug Registration
CRITERIA AND PROCEDURE OF DRUG
REGISTRATION
Considering:
a. that in order to protect the public from the drug that do not
fulfill the criteria of drug efficacy. Safety, quality and public
health need, it is necessary to execute drug evaluation under
the regulation of drug registration prior to marketing.
b. that several provision in drug regulation were no longer
suitable with the development of science and technology,
therefore it is necessary to review and to re-regulate the
procedures of drug registration and evaluation;
c. that in the framework of entering the era of globalization and
harmonization in the pharmaceutical field, the regulation of
drug registration must be improved;
d. that based on the consideration as referred to item a, b and c, it
is necessary to stipulate the Decree of the Head of the National
Agency of Drug and Food Control, the Republic of Indonesia,
upon the Criteria and the Procedure of Drug Registration.
In View of:
1. The law on Prescription Drugs (State Gazette of 1949 No. 419);
2. Law Number 23 of 1992 on Health (State Gazette of 1992
Number 100, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3671);
3. Law Number 5 of 1997 on Psychotropics (State gazette of 1997
Number 10, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3671).
4. Law Number 22 of 1997 on Narcotics (State Gazette of 1997
Number 67, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3698)
5. Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (State Gazette of
1999 Number 42, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3821).
6. Government Regulation Number 17 of 2001 on Tariff of Non-
Taxes of State Income applied in the National Agency of Drug
and Food Control.
7. Presidential Decree Number 103 of 2001 on Position, Task,
Function, Authority, Organizational Structure and Activity of
Non Departmental Government Institution as amended by the
Presidential Decree of 2002 Number 46.
8. Presidential Decree Number 110 of 2001 on Unit of
Organization and the Task of First Echelon State employees of
Non Departmental Government Institution as amended by
Presidential Decree Number 48 of 2002.
9. Re g u l a t i o n of t h e M i n i s t e r of H e a l t h N u m b e r
949/MENKES/PER/VI/2000 of 2000 on Drug Registration.
10. Decree of the Head of National Agency of Drug and Food Control
Number 02002/SK/KBOOM of 2001 on Organization, Task and
Function of The National Agency of Drug and Food Control;
11. Decree of the Head of National Agency of Drug and Food
Control Number 02002/SK/KBPOM of 2001 on Procedure of
Clinical Trial;
12. Decree of the Head of National Agency of Drug and Food
Control Number HK.00.05.3.00914 of 2002 on Special Access
Scheme on Drugs.
360 Criteria and procedure of drug registration
Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009
Decides
To Stipulate:
The Decree of The Head of National Agency of Drug and Food
Control On Croteria and Procedure of Drug Registration.
Chapter 1 - General provision
Article 1
In this Decree
1. Registration is a procedure of drug registration application
and drug evaluation in order to obtain marketing authorization.
2. Marketing Authorization is an official approval on drug
registration for the purpose of marketing a pharmaceutical
product in Indonesia.
3. Therapeutic Products are any preparations or combination of
ingredients including drug, biological product and other
preparations which are intended to modify or explore
physiological system or pathological states for diagnosing,
treatment, recovery and health improvement.
4. Drug is any pharmaceutical product including biological
product which is composed of active ingredient, including
contraceptives and other preparations containing medicine.
5. Narcotic is ingredient or drug derived from herbs or non herbal,
either synthetic or non synthetic, which may inhibit or affect
consciousness, induce anesthesia, alleviate to relieve pain.
6. Psychotropic is ingredient or drug, either natural or synthetic
non-narcotics, which act psycho-active selectively affecting
central nervous system which may induce specific changes to
mental activities and behavior.
7. Biological products are vaccine, antibody, antigen, hormone,
enzyme, blood product and other fermentation product
(including monoclonal antibody and products derived from
recombinant DNA technology) which are used to modify or
explore physiological and health improvement).
8. Contraceptives are drugs or devices which are intended for
prevention of conception.
9. New drug or new finished drug is a drug which new active
ingredient or composition or dosage from/route of
administration or indication or posology which has not been
approved in Indonesia.
10. Copy drug or finished “me too” drug is a drug which contain
same active ingredient to a registered drug.
11. Domestically manufactured product is a drug which is
domestically manufactured and packaged by industry in
Indonesia.
12. Contracted drug is drug which manufacturing is delegated to
other pharmaceutical industry.
13. License drug is a drug which is manufactured under license.
14. Imported drug is drug which is manufactured by overseas
pharmaceutical industry.
15. Patent protected drug is drug which has obtained patent
protection based on valid Patent Law in Indonesia.
16. Counterfeit drug is drug which is produced by an
unauthorized party, against the prevailing regulation or drug
manufacturing using similar identity or labeling of other drug
which has had a marketing authorization.
Most Tradable Items of Indonesia Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009

Botanical Name English Name Indian Name Indonesian Name Page/Photo No.
Acorus calamus Linn. Sweet Flag Bach Karimenga 330/1
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. Bael Fruit Bael Maja 320/2, 323/3
Aloe barbadensis Mill. Aloe Kumari Lidah Buaya 327/2
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Galangal Kulanjan Lengkuas 330/2
Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton Java Cardamom Elaichi (Indonesia) Kapulaga 323/4
Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Agarwood Agar (Indonesia) Gaharu 338/2
Areca catechu Linn. Betel Nut Supari Pinang 323/5
Bixa orellana Linn. Annatto Annato Kesumba Keling 332/9
Canarium strictum Roxb. Black Dammar Gum Damar Matakucing 326/3
Capsicum annuum Linn. var. acuminatum Red Chilli Lal Mirch Cabe Rawit 323/7
Cassia fistula Linn. Indian Laburnum Amaltas Trengguli 333/12
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Cinnamon Dalchini (South) Kayu Manis Cina 320/6
Coriandrum sativum Linn. Coriander Dhaniya Ketumbar 323/8
Crocus sativus Linn. Saffron Kesar Kuma-kuma 339/3
Curcuma longa Linn. Turmeric Haldi Kiecur 330/3
Cymbopogon nardus (Linn.) Rendle Citronella Citronella Grass Sereh 327/5
Dioscorea alata Linn. Asiatic Yam Khamalu Uwi 330/7
Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f. Red Sorrel Lal Ambari Kembang Sepatu Sungsang 321/7
Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertn. Gum Copal Gum Copal Copal 326/5
Jatropha curcus Linn. Physic Nut Jatropha Jarak Pagar 334/23
Kaempferia rotunda Linn. White Turmeric Safed Haldi Kunir Putih 331/11
Lawsonia inermis Linn. Henna Mehandi Pacar Kuku 328/10, 334/24
Mentha piperita Linn. Pepper Mint Pudina Menta 328/12
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Cowhage Konch Kara Benguk 335/29
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Nutmeg Jaiphal Pala 335/30
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Nutmeg Javetri Pala 339/9
Nigella sativa Linn. Small Fennel Kalonji Jinten Ireng 335/31
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Sacred Basil Tulsi Lampes 328/17, 335/32
Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. & Zucc. Bamboo Camphor Bansalochan Bambu Kuning 326/7
Piper cubeba Linn. Cubeb Kababchini Kemukus 324/16
Piper longum Linn. Long Pepper Pipali Cabe Jawa 324/17, 331/13
Piper nigrum Linn. Black Pepper Kali Mirch Merica Hitam 324/18
Pogostemon cablin Benth. Patchouli Patchouli Nilam 340/12
Punica granatum Linn. Pomegranate Anar Delima Putih 322/14, 336/37, 340/13
Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex. Kurz. Java Devil Pepper Sarpgandha Pule Pandak 331/15, 336/39
Ricinus communis Linn. Castor Erand Jarak 336/40
Rosa damascena Miller Rose Gulab Ros 340/14
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Sweet Herb Stevia Sari Manis 329/24
Styrax benzoin Dryander Benzoin Loban Kemenyan 326/9
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Clove Laung Cengkeh 322/16, 337/7
Tamarindus indica Linn. Tamarind Imli Asam 329/25, 336/44
Terminalia belerica Roxb. Beleric Myrobalan Behda Joho 325/22
Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Fenugreek Methidana Kelabet 336/45
Uncaria gambier (Hunt.) Roxb. Gambir Gambier (Katha) Gambir 340/18
Vanilla planifolia Jacks. Vanilla Vanilla Panili 325/24
Vinca rosea Linn. Pink Periwinkle Sadabahar Tapak Dara 329/27
Zingiber officinale Rosc. Ginger (Dried) Sonth Jahe 331/18

368 Most tradable items of Indonesia

 Medherb Green Pages - India and Indonesia 2009
Kadin Kab. Bintan
Jl. Kemboja No.60, Tanjung Pinang
Telephone.....................................................................0062-771-316802
Fax ...................................................................................0062-771-316802
E-mail ..................kab.kepulauanriau@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kab. Karimun
Jl. Ahmad Yani No. 2, Tg. Balai – Karimun
Telephone.....................................................................0062-777-325600
Fax ...................................................................................0062-777-325600
E-mail ..............................kab.karimun@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kab. Lingga
Jl. Merdeka Daik, Lingga
Telephone.....................................................................0062-776-322069
Fax ...................................................................................0062-776-326079
E-mail ..................................kab.lingga@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kab. Bandung
Jl. Raya Soreang Km. 436-A, Bandung
Telephone.....................................................................0062-22-5891444
Fax ...................................................................................0062-22-5891444
E-mail ...........................................................................................................•••
Website ..................................................www.kadin-kabbandung.or.id
Kadin Kab. Bekasi
Ruko Sentra Cikarang Blok C – No.7,
Jl. Raya Cikarang Cibarusah, Bekasi-17550
Telephone ..................................................................0062-21-89906625
Fax ..........................................................................0062-21-89906624-25
E-mail ...........................................................................................................•••
Website........................................................www.kadin-kabbekasi.or.id
Kadin Kab. Boyolali
Jl. Pandanaran No.88, Boyolali-57311
Telephone.....................................................................0062-276-321228
Fax ...................................................................................0062-276-321228
Email ...........................................................kadin_boyolali@yahoo.com
Website ............................................................www.kadin-boyolali.or.id
Kadin Kab. Natuna
Jl. Datuk Kaya Wan. Mohd. Rasid No.120,
(Depan Pertamina), Ranai-Natuna
Telephone .......................................................................0062-773-31146
Fax......................................................................................0062-773-31146
E-mail.................................kab.natuna@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kota Bandung
Jl. Talaga Bodas No. 31, Bandung-40263
Telephone .................................................0062-22-7302874, 7300703
Fax ...................................................................................0062-22-7300075
E-mail ..................................................secretariat@kadinbandung.org
Website .............................................................www.kadinbandung.org
List of Chambers of Commerce and Trade Associations
Kadin Kota Cilegon
Jl. R. Soeprapto No.57, Rawanuju
Telephone.....................................................................0062-254-385349
Fax ...................................................................................0062-254-385350
E-mail...........................................................info@kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website ....................................................www.kadin-kotacilegon.or.id
Kadin Kota Jakarta Barat
Jl. Anggrek Rosliana Blok E No. 30Slipi Kemanggisan,
Jakarta – Barat
Telephone ..................................................................0062-21-53670783
Fax.................................................................................0062-21-53670784
E-mail.................................................................... kdjakbar@yahoo.com
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kota Jakarta Selatan
Jl. Gandaria I No. 335 Kebayoran Baru,
Kel. Kramar Pela Taman Puring, Jakarta Selatan-120130
Telephone .................................................0062-21-7258555, 7255445
Fax ...................................................................................0062-21-7255445
E-mail..............................................................kadin-jaksel@Ph.kom.net
Website..............................................................................www.kadin.or.id
Kadin Kota Jakarta Timur
Jl. Komplek Perkantoran Taman Pondok Kelapa Blok E No.1,
Jalan Raya Pondok Kelapa, Jakarta Timur-13450
Telephone.....................................................................0062-21-8655886
Fax ...................................................................................0062-21-8655887
E-mail ...................................................................kd_jaktim@yahoo.com
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Kota. Batam
Graha Kadin Lt. 3, Jl. Engku Putri, Batam Centre, Batam
Telephone.....................................................................0062-778-468181
Fax ...................................................................................0062-778-468182
E-mail ...................................kot.batam@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website .................................................................www.kadinbatam.or.id
Kadin Kota. Tanjung Pinang
Jl. Dr. Sutomo No.9, kampung Baru, Tanjung Pinang
Telephone .......................................................................0062-771-26722
Fax......................................................................................0062-771-36722
E-mail ..................kot.tanjungpinang@kepri.kadin-indonesia.or.id
Website........................................................................................................•••
Kadin Provinsi Bangka Belitung
Gedung El John Plaza Lt. 3, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 209,
Pangkal Pinang-33133
Telephone.....................................................................0062-717-421199
Fax ...................................................................................0062-717-435099
E-mail ...........................................................................................................•••
Website..................................................www.babel.kadinprovinsi.or.id
List of chambers of commerce and trade associations 369
371