THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING FOR HUMAN HEALTH

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A; Background

Humans have various kinds of habit.Starting from exercising, reading,

writing, composing, and etc. In among the many human habits, there is one
habit that is very detrimental to human health them.It stranger bad habits are
often done by our society, the habit of smoking.
Smoking it self is not considered taboo in our society, although doing so
is the child still sitting on the bench school. Thing is very alarming, because as
we know that in a cigarette there are many toxic substances which will affect
our health.
According to the Minister healthy Indonesia Year 2004 Mr Dr. Achmad
Sujudi, smoking in Indonesia tends to increase. Based on data Susenas
(National Socioeconomic Survey) Indonesian population aged adults having
ever smoked as much as 31.6%. With the large number and high percentage of
the population who have the habit of smoking, Indonesia is the fifth highest
consumer of cigarettes in the world by number of cigarettes consumed (burned)
in 2002 as many as 182 billion cigarettes a year after the People's Republic of
China (1.697.291milyar), United States (463.504 billion), Russia (375 000
billion) and Japan (299,085 billion).
Additionally, in a report recently released by WHO titled "Tobacco
and Poverty: A Vicious Cycle or Tobacco and Poverty: A Vicious Cycle" in
commemoration of World No Tobacco Day on May 31, 2004, proved that
most smokers are poor communities . Even in the developed countries, the
highest number of smokers come from the grassroots. They also have an
economic burden and health brunt of cigarette addiction. Of the
approximately 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, 84% of them in the country the developing world.
The results also found that the highest number of smokers in Madras,
India actually comes from illiterate communities. Then another research
proves that the poorest communities in Bangladesh spend almost 10 times

earnings for tobacco than for educational needs. Then research in three
provinces of Vietnam found that smokers spent 3.6 times more on tobacco
than on education, 2.5 times more on tobacco than clothes, and 1.9 times
more on tobacco than on healt.
Made up for it with this paper is expected to be conscious citizens and
immediately leave or reduce their habits are not good because however
offender health effects of smoking (current smokers) and the health of
people exposed to secondhand smoke exposure of active smokers (passive
smoking) is very large, because the toxic substances contained therein.
B;

Formulation of the problem

1;

What is smoking?

2;

What substances contained in cigarettes ?

3;

How big the impact of smoking for health

4;
C; Destination

Seeing the increasing number of smokers each year, which will be the negative
impact we are feeling good too fast or slow. So with these papers made public
is expected to:
1; Knowing what is smoking
2; Knowing the substances contained in cigarettes
3; Knowing how big the impact of smoking for health
4; Reduce or even stop smoking after knowing the impact that caused

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A; General Description

1. What is smoking
Smoking is an activity to burn tobacco and then suck using the smoke
cigarettes or pipes ( Sitepoe , 2000). Sumarno ( in Mulyadi , 2007) describes
2 smoking common way , namely : ( 1 ) sucking and swallowing smoke
cigarettes into the lungs and exhaled ; ( 2 ) how this is done with more
moderate is just sucking up to her mouth and exhaled through the mouth or
nose.
Cigarettes are objects that are familiar to us. Smoking is a habit that is
very common and widespread in the community. Dangers of smoking on
health has been researched and proven a lot of people. Adverse effects of
smoking were already clearly known. Many studies have shown cigarette
smoking increases the risk of various diseases such as heart disease and
blood vessel disorders, lung cancer, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, cancer
osefagus, bronchitis, high blood pressure, impotence and pregnancy
disorders and defects in the fetus.
In fact, the habit of smoking is hard to break and people are rarely
recognized as a bad habit. Moreover, people who smoke to distract yourself
from the stress and emotional stress, are more difficult to break away from
this habit than smokers who do not have a background of depression.
Recent research also shows the dangers of handsmoke the smoke
inhaled by the non-smokers around smokers or can be referred to as passive
smokers. Smoking can not be separated from the raw material of
manufacture of tobacco. In Indonesia, tobacco plus cloves and other
ingredients are mixed to make cigarettes. In addition to tobacco cigarettes
can also be used as a hand-rolled cigarette, cigarettes, cigars, pipes and
cigarettes tabacco smokeless (chewing tobacco).
From day to day the number of smokers increasingly increase . This is
what will be making a huge disaster for the health of our bodies.

2. Substances - Toxic substances contained in the Cigarette and Effects

As we know in the cigarette smoke that is inhaled by the smoker, not
less than 4000 toxic chemicals. Chemicals released consisted of gas
components (85 percent) and particles. Nicotine, carbon monoxide gas,
nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, acrolein, acetylene,
benzaldehid, urethan, benzene, methanol, coumarin, 4-etilkatekol,
ortokresoldan perylene is sebaian of thousands - thousands of substances in
cigarettes. But among the substances - substances mentioned above, there
are 3 of the most dangerous substances contained in cigarettes. Substance - a
substance that is:
a. Tar
Dangerous substances in the form of concentrated impurities that
can clog and irritate the lungs - pulmonary and respiratory system,
causing chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and in some cases lead to lung
cancer - lung (deadly disease that is almost unknown to those who are not
smokers). Chemical Toxins in tar can also seep into the bloodstream and
then excreted in urine.Tar left in the bladder can also cause bladder
cancer. Additionally Tar can seep in the bloodstream and reduce the
ability of cells - red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body, so
it's a great effect on the circulatory system.
b. Nicotine
It is a substance that can be addictive and affects the nervous
system, speeding up the heart rate (exceeding the normal rate), thereby
increasing the risk of disease jantung.Selain that these substances most
frequently discussed and researched people, because it can poison the
body's nerves, increase blood pressure, cause constriction of peripheral
blood vessels and cause addiction and dependence on the wearer. 4-6 mg
of nicotine which is inhaled by adults every day are able to make people
addicted. Additionally Nicotine plays a role in starting the tooth
supporting tissue disease because nicotine can be absorbed by soft tissues
of the oral cavity, including the gums through the blood stream and the
attachment of the gums to the teeth and root surfaces. Nicotine can be
found on the surface of the tooth root and yield metabolites that can be
found in the fluid kontinin gums.
c. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

These substances can penetrate the bloodstream and reduces the

ability of cells - red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body,
making it a great effect on the circulatory system blood . antoher that
facilitate the buildup of carbon monoxide - substances plug the arteries,
which can lead to heart attack fatal but it also can cause impaired blood
circulation in the last foot . the effect make women smokers are more at
risk (than female non-smokers) had harmful side effects when taking oral
contraceptives (birth control pills). Due which is why the gynecologist
(gynecologists) generally reluctant to give birth control pills in women
who smoke.
5; The impact of smoking for health
Smoking is one of the biggest causes of death and illness.Every year
around 100,000 people in the world die from smoking, with many more
living with debilitating smoking-related illnesses.Smoking increases your
risk of developing more than 50 serious health conditions. Some may be
fatal and others can cause irreversible long-term damage to your
health.You can become ill, if you smoke yourselfthrough other people's
smoke (passive smoking).
Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancers. It also causes cancer in
many other parts of the body, including the mouth, lips, throat, voice box
(larynx), oesophagus (the tube between your mouth and stomach), bladder,
kidney, liver, stomach and pancreas.
Smoking damages your heart and your blood circulation, increasing
your risk of developing conditions such as:coronary heart disease, heart
attack, strokeperipheral vascular disease (damaged blood vessels,
cerebrovascular disease (damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain)
Smoking also damages your lungs, leading to conditions such as
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates
bronchitis and emphysema pneumonia.Smoking can also worsen or
prolong the symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma, or
respiratory tract infections such as the common cold.
In men, smoking can cause impotence because it limits the blood
supply to the penis. It can also reduce the fertility of both men and women.
Health risks of passive smoking.Secondhand smoke comes from the
tip of a lit cigarette and the smoke that the smoker breathes out.Breathing

in secondhand smoke also known as passive smoking increases your

risk of getting the same health conditions as smokers. For example,
breathing in secondhand smoke increases a non-smoker's risk of
developing lung cancer by about a quarter.
Babies and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of
secondhand smoke. A child who is exposed to passive smoke is at
increased risk of developing chest infections, meningitis, a persistent
cough and, if they have asthma, their symptoms will get worse. They're
also at increased risk of cot death and an ear infection called glue ear.
If woman smoke when pregnant, she put her unborn baby's health at
risk, as well as her own. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of
complications such as miscarriage, premature (early), birth a low birth
weight baby.

In practice, it is not easy to implement a ban on smoking regulations.

Because it is caused by several things:
a; There is still lack of public awareness about the dangers of smoking to
the health of their bodies, making it difficult for them holding coaching.
b; Lack of dissemination of relevant agencies about the dangers of smoking,
so people do not know how big the dangers of smoking to their health.
c; Less tight control over distribution of cigarettes in our country, thus
increasing the cigarette number of manufacturers.
5. How to Solve Problems Existing
Some of the ways we can do to adapt kit to avoid dangers of secondhand
smoke is as follows:
a; Tarbiyah or genuine faith of Education - indeed for every individual
communities so that they realize how impact smoke cigarettes.
b; There is a good role model for the child at home, at school, or in the
surrounding environment.
c; Person Prohibit smoking in front of the teacher to the student when
teach .why? because we know that the task of the teacher is a role model
for the students at the school. So it's only natural that teachers should set
a good example for their students.

d; A vigorous and intensive counseling of related institutions. In this way

the number of smokers is expected to be reduced, as they gain direct

knowledge about the dangers of smoking to their health.
e; Creating Act - Act as done by Jakarta Provincial Government ban on
smoking in public places such as schools, hospitals, playgrounds, and so
on. And for that violation will be subject to sanctions or penalties 50ribu
some dollars.
f; Disseminate fatwa MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) of illicit cigarettes.
Because this way people will think again to smoke.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A; Conclusion

By the fact that the previous description, it can be said that cigarette more
(negative impact) of the positive impact. If this cultured continues, it could lead
to serious problems in human health. And the public should be aware of the
dangers of smoking to health them.However it is still difficult in Indonesia.
B; Suggestion

After reading this paper, hopefully people can be awakened to the

dangers of smoking to their health and leave the habit of smoking, to maintain
their health and will make their body fit and healthy to avoid life-threatening
diseases.