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2015;8(3): 130-137
Revista
Andaluza
de
del D eporte
w w w .e ls e v ie r.e s /ra m d
Revisin
CrossMark
RES UMEN
El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar las caractersticas de los mtodos utilizados para valorar la esta
bilidad de la zona central del cuerpo (core stability), as como las caractersticas ms importantes de los
programas de ejercicios de estabilizacin del tronco. Los resultados de la revisin indican que mtodos
biomecnicos, como la aplicacin controlada de cargas o descargas sbitas, el paradigma del asiento
inestable y la modelacin matemtica, han permitido analizar el efecto de numerosos factores sobre la
estabilidad del raquis. Por otro lado, los test de campo utilizados habitualmente para valorar la core stabi
lity (test de condicin muscular, test de equilibrio corporal en apoyo monopodal, test de control postural
del raquis lumbar y la pelvis, etc.) presentan limitaciones importantes, principalmente debido a la falta
de estudios sobre la validez de estas medidas. Finalmente, existe una gran cantidad de informacin en
relacin con la eficacia y la seguridad de los ejercicios de estabilizacin, pero carecemos de informacin
suficiente sobre otras caractersticas de la carga de entrenamiento.
2014 Consejera de Educacin, Cultura y Deporte de la Junta de Andaluca. Publicado por Elsevier
Espaa, S.L.U. Este es un artculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND
(http://creativecommons.0rg/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.O/).
Palabras clave:
Tronco
Estabilidad articular
Test
Ejercicios
The aim of this study was to review both the characteristics of the tests used to assess core stability
and the most important features of trunk stabilization exercise programs. The results of this review
suggest that biomechanical methods such as sudden and controlled trunk loading and unloading, unstable
sitting paradigm and mathematical modeling, have allowed us to analyze the effect of several factors
on spine stability. In addition, field tests commonly used to assess core stability (muscle condition tests,
single leg stance balance tests, postural control of lumbar spine and pelvis tests, etc.) have important
limitations, mainly due to the absence of studies on the validity of these measurements. Finally, there
is a lot of information regarding the effectiveness and safety of the stabilization exercises, but we lack
enough information on other training load characteristics.
2014 Consejera de Educacin, Cultura y Deporte de la Junta de Andaluca. Published by Elsevier
Espaa, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.0rg/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.O/).
O objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar as caractersticas dos mtodos utilizados para avaliar a estabilidade da
zona central do corpo (core estability), assim como as caractersticas mais importantes dos programas
de exerccios de estabilizao do tronco. Os resultados da reviso indicam que mtodos biomecnicos
como a aplicao controlada de cargas ou descargas sbitas, o paradigma do assento estvel e a modelao
matemtica, tem permitido analisar o efeito de numerosos fatores sobre a estabilidade da coluna. Por
131
outro lado, os testes de campo utilizados habitualmente para avaliar a estabilidade do core (teste de
condio muscular, teste de equilibrio corporal em apoio monopodal, teste de controle postural da coluna
lombar e da pelve, etc.) apresentam limitaes importantes, principalmente devido a falta de estudos
sobre a validade dessas medidas. Finalmente, existe urna grande quantidade de informao em relao
eficcia e segurana dos exerccios de estabilizao, mas carecemos de informao suficiente sobre
outras caractersticas da carga de treinamento.
2014 Consejera de Educacin, Cultura y Deporte de la Junta de Andaluca. Publicado por Elsevier
Espana, S.L.U. Este um artigo Open Access sob a licena de CC BY-NC-ND
(http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Introduccin
132
133
134
135
Recomendaciones finales
La aplicacin controlada de cargas o descargas sbitas, el para
digma del asiento inestable y el clculo de la rigidez del raquis
m ediante modelacin m atem tica han permitido analizar el efecto
de numerosos factores sobre la core stability, como por ejemplo, la
intensidad y coordinacin de la activacin muscular, la caracters
ticas de las fuerzas aplicadas sobre la columna, el envejecimiento,
la fatiga muscular, la patologa lumbar, etc.
Partiendo de diferentes conceptos de core stability, se han des
arrollado 3 tipos bsicos de test de campo: test de condicin
muscular, test de equilibrio corporal en apoyo monopodal y test de
control postural del raquis lumbar y la pelvis en decbito supino.
Los test referidos presentan limitaciones importantes, especial
m ente la falta de estudios sobre la validez de estas medidas.
En relacin con los mtodos de entrenam iento de core stability,
existe una gran cantidad de informacin en la literatura cientfica
sobre el reclutam iento de los msculos del tronco y el estrs en
la columna lumbar durante la realizacin de ejercicios de estabi
lizacin, sin embargo, carecemos de informacin suficiente sobre
136
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