Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Course Introduction
Electromagnetism in Energy Science (00184)
Class time: every Thu 14:00-16:40
References:
1. David J. Griffiths, "Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Edition", Prentice-Hall Inc. (1999).
2. Walter Greiner, "Classical Electrodynamics", Springer (1998).
3. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1999).

Grades:
1st exam (40%), final exam (40%),
homework for every 2 weeks (15%), attendance and enthusiasm (5%)

Office hours: every Thu 17:00-18:00, or

after an appointment by e-mail: kjahn@ajou.ac.kr

Course material and homework will be uploaded in the e-class site.

Cheating in exam and copying homework of others will be graded to zero point.

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Introduction: Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism in our everyday living: electricity, electronic goods, ...
in nature: atoms, molecules, light, ...
Phenomena related to electromagnetism:
electrostatic force, magnet, ...
H. C. Oersted found the connection btw. electricity and the magnetic field.
Most electromagnetic phenomena were explained by M. Faraday' experiments
and his ideas were mathematically formulated by J. C. Maxwell.

dynamo by Faraday
M. Faraday

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J. C. Maxwell

Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Maxwells Equations

E (elec. field), D (elec. displacement), (elec. charge density), H (mag. field),

B (mag. induction), and J (elec. current density) depend on t (time) and r (position).
In quasi-stationary states (

the elec. and the mag. fields are decoupled: electro- and magnetostatic regimes

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

1. Vector Analysis

Classification of physical observables into scalars and vectors.

While a scalar is given by a magnitude, a vector is defined by a direction
as well as a magnitude.
A
Vector algebra:

1) addition, subtraction of two vectors

B
2) dot product of two vectors:
:projection of the vector A(B) on the vector B(A).
AB
3) cross product of two vectors:
The direction of n is decided by the right-hand rule.
is area of the parallelogram given by A and B.
B

A
An arbitrary vector A expanded in terms of basis vector:
With three orthonormal basis vectors i, j, k

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Triple products
1) Scalar triple product:
is the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by A,B and C.

2) Vector triple product:

When is

Differential vector calculus

Vectorial operator

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

2) Gradient of a scalar F(x,y,z):

It points in the direction of max. increase of the function F(x,y,z), and
its magnitude gives the slope along this max. direction.
What does F(x,y,z)=0 mean?
Find the gradient of
3) Divergence of a vector

F is a measure of how much the vector F spreads out from the considered point.
F

4) Curl of a vector F
F(x,y,z)

F is a measure of how much the vector F curls around the point considered.
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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Product Rules: for a scalar f and vectors A and B

Second derivatives

Why is

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again a scalar and

a vector?

Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Integral calculus
independent of path taken from i to f.
=0, if the path is closed, F is conservative.
Green's (divergence) theorem

Stokes' theorem

The result depends only on the boundary line, not on the particular surface.
The value is zero for any closed surface, since the boundary line can shrinks
down to a point.
combination of Gauss's and Stokes' theorem:

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Check the divergence theorem using the fnc. in unit volume.

Check the Stokes theorem using the fnc. in unit area.

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Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates

z

Relation btw. cart. and sph.:

Relation btw. car. and cylin.:
Infinitesimal volume elements:

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

Basis transformations:

According to the basis transformations, all vectorial operators can be transformed

in sph. and cylin. coord. sys. :

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

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Dirac Delta function

Consider the vector function
A point source: Its existence is exactly
defined only at a point and its integration
is finite.
a special function is needed.
- 1d Dirac delta function (x):

x=0

(x) is not an usual (ordinary) function because it diverges at x=0 and

it is not Riemann-integrable.
(x) picks out the value of f(x) at x=0.

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-Evaluation with Dirac delta function

- Extending to 3d Dirac delta function (r):

- Now, back to
definition of (r)

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Electromagnetism in Energy Science 2015

- Supplementary Vector Operations

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