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PART 1
Agenda
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Fallacious Reasoning
Exit Slip
**Turn in TWM notespages 100-150**
Group Activity
There are 10 items on your handout.
As a group, sort these items into a minimum of 3 groups so that each groups has something specific in
common. Then, right a claim about the rule used to sort them.
We will share out once you are finished.
Example
Sorted:
Reasoning: The dogs on the left look mean, the dogs on the right look calm.
Inductive Reasoning
What you just did is called inductive reasoning.
You made observations about the objects.
You sorted your evidence based on commonalities.
You made a claim based on what they had in common.
Inductive reasoning is often displayed on television.
CONS:
Number of examples
Overgeneralizations
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning is arriving at a conclusion by applying a general principle, or claim, to a specific
situation.
This is a Top-Down Approach.
Example:
General Principle: Any student caught cheating will be suspended.
Specific Situation: Billy Bob was caught cheating.
Conclusion: Billy Bob will be suspended.
Deductive Sort
Using the items on your sheet, sort them DEDUCTIVELY using the following claim:
Different jobs require different tools.
Results:
You likely ended up with all of the office supplies grouped together, all of the tools and construction
objects together, and the hairbrush and scissors together.
CONS
Fallacious Reasoning
PART II
Fallacious Reasoning
(fles) adj:
1. (Logic) containing or involving a fallacy; illogical; erroneous
2. Tending to mislead
3. Delusive or disappointing
In other words, fallacious reasoning contains an argument or content that is illogical, misleading, or false.
There are nearly 100 types of fallaciesfar too many to coverbut the idea remains the same: logical fallacies are
generally used to intentionally mislead and thereby convince someone of their argument through distortion, evasion, or
distraction. However, an intelligent listener can detect these ideas fallacies and will not be persuaded.
Examples
Poisoning the Well: persuade audience by presenting unfavorable information about the other side
Shameful Argument: appealing to an authority in one field regarding something in another field in which the authority has no more
knowledge than anyone else
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact: offering a poorly supported claim about what might have happened in the past or future if circumstances
were different
Appeal to Ignorance: attempt to use an audiences inability to disprove a conclusion (You cant prove otherwise, so Im right).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNgnYl2HyFk
Activity
Work through the examples on the fallacious reasoning hand out. You may work with a partner, but
everyone needs to fill out the sheet.
Exit Slip:
Write your name on the post-it then communicate your understanding of fallacious reasoning:
If you think you totally get it, label it joke and tell me one. Make it good (and clean).
If you mostly get it, draw me an emoji that represents your understanding.
If youre totally lost, give me a song lyric or draw me a comic that epitomizes your confusion.