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to be
fX (x) == [u(x) − u(x − 1)], fY (y) = [u(y) − u(y − 1)], [8+8]
5. (a) Show that the variance of a weighted sum of uncorrected random variables
equals the weighted sum of the variances of the random variables.
(b) Two random variables X and Y have joint characteristic function
φX, Y(ω1 ,ω2 ) = exp(−2ω12 −8ω22 ).
i. Show that X and Y are zero mean random variables.
ii. are X and Y are correlated. [8+8]
6. (a) Aircraft arrive at an airport according to a poisson process at a rate of 12 per
hour. All aircrafts are handled by one air traffic controller. If the controller
takes a 2 minute coffee break, what is the probability that he will miss one or
more arriving aircrafts .
(b) Telephone calls are initiated through an exchange at the average rate of 75
per minute and are described by a poisson process. Find the probability that
more than 3 calls are initiated in any 5 second period.
(c) A random process is described by X(t) = A. where A is a continuous random
variable uniformly distributed on (0,1) classify the process. [6+6+4]
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ii. What is the average power in Y(t). [6+4]
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3. (a) In an experiment when two dice are thrown simultaneously, find expected
value of the sum of number of points on them.
1 −(x−a)/b
b
e x>a
(b) The exponential density function given by .fX (x) =
0 x<a
Find out variance and coefficient of skewness. [6+10]
4. Discrete random variables X and Y have a joint distribution function
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FXY (x, y) = 0.1u(x + 4)u(y − 1) + 0.15u(x + 3)u(y + 5) + 0.17u(x + 1)u(y − 3)+
0.05u(x)u(y − 1) + 0.18u(x − 2)u(y + 2) + 0.23u(x − 3)u(y − 4)+
0.12u(x − 4)u(y + 3)
Find
5. (a) For two zero mean Gaussian random variables X and Y show that their joint
characteristic function is
φXY(ω1 ,ω2 ) = exp{−1/2[σX2 ω12 +2ρσX σY ω1 ω2 +σY2 ω22 ]}.
(b) Statistically independent random variables X and Y have moments m10 = 2,
m20 = 14, m02 = 12 and m11 = -6 find the moment µ 22.
(c) Two Gaussian random variables X and Y have variances σX2 = 9 and σY2 = 4,
respectively and correlation coefficient ρ. It is known that a coordinate ro-
tation by an angle Π/8 results in new random variables Y1 and Y2 that are
uncorrelated. what is ρ. [8+4+4]
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7. (a) A WSS noise process N(t) has ACF RN N (τ ) = P e−3|τ | . Find PSD and plot
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both ACF and PSD
(b) Find RY Y (τ ) and hence SY Y (ω ) interns of SXX (ω ) for the product device
shown in figure 1 if X(t)is WSS. [8+8]
Figure 1:
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iv. h(t) = u(t)e−3t , ω0 : real constant
(b) A random process X(t) = A Sin (ω0 t +θ ) where A & ω0 are real positive
constants & θ is a random variable uniformly distributed in the internal (-π,π
) is applied to the network shown in figure 2. Find an expression for the
networks response? [8+8]
Figure 2:
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1. (a) show that two elements cannot be both mutually exclusive and statistically
independent. What is the condition for two events to be independent?
(b) One card is selected from an ordinary 52-card deck with an event A as“select
a king”, B as “select a jack or queen” and c as “select a heart”. Determine
whether A,B and C are independent by pairs.
(c) What is the probability of drawing 3 white and 4 green balls from a bag that
contains 5 white and 6 green balls, if 7 balls are drawn simultaneously at
random? [6+6+4]
2. (a) What is gaussian random variable? Develop an equation for guassian distrib-
ution function.
(b) verify that the following is a distrbution function.
F(x) = 0 forx < −a, = 1/2(x/a + 1)for − a, <= x <= a, and = 1forx > a..[10+6]
3. (a) In an experiment when two dice are thrown simultaneously, find expected
value of the sum of number of points on them.
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1 −(x−a)/b
b
e x>a
(b) The exponential density function given by .fX (x) =
0 x<a
Find out variance and coefficient of skewness. [6+10]
4. (a) Define conditional distribution and density function of two random variables
X and Y
(b) The joint probability density function of two random variables X and Y is
given by
a(2x + y 2 ) 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 , 2 ≤ y ≤ 4
f (x, y) = . Find
0 elsewhere
i. value of ‘a’
ii. P(X ≤ 1, Y > 3). [8+8]
5. (a) Consider a probability space S = (Ω, F, P).LetΩ= {ξ1.... ξ5} = {−1, −1/2, 0, 1/2, 1}
with P{ξi } = 1/5 i = 1..5. Define two random variables on S as follows.
X(ξ) =ξandY(ξ) =ξ 2
i. Show that X and Y are dependent random variables.
ii. Show that X and Y are uncorrelated.
6. (a) Determine if the constant process X(t) = A where A is a random variable with
mean? A and variance σA2 is mean ergodic.
(b) let N(t) be a zero mean wide sense stationary noise process for which RN N (τ )
= (No /2) δ(t) where No > 0 is a finite constant. Determine whether N(t) is
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mean ergodic.
(c) A random process consists of three sample functions x(t, s1 ) =2, x(t,s2 ) =2
cos t and x(t,s3 ) =3 sin t each occurring with equal probability. Is the process
stationary in any sense. [4+6+6]
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π
cos(πx/8) −4 ≤ x ≤ 4
fX (x) = 16 Find E[3X] and E[X 2 ]. [8+8]
0 elsewhere
4. Discrete random variables X and Y have a joint distribution function
FXY (x, y) = 0.1u(x + 4)u(y − 1) + 0.15u(x + 3)u(y + 5) + 0.17u(x + 1)u(y − 3)+
0.05u(x)u(y − 1) + 0.18u(x − 2)u(y + 2) + 0.23u(x − 3)u(y − 4)+
0.12u(x − 4)u(y + 3)
Find
5. (a) Show that the variance of a weighted sum of uncorrected random variables
equals the weighted sum of the variances of the random variables.
(b) Two random variables X and Y have joint characteristic function
φX, Y(ω1 ,ω2 ) = exp(−2ω12 −8ω22 ).
i. Show that X and Y are zero mean random variables.
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6. X̄ = 6 and RXX (t, t+τ ) = 36 + 25 exp (− |τ | ) for a random process X(t). In-
dicate which of the following statements are true based on what is known with
certainty X(t)
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(b) has total average power of 61W
(c) is ergodic
(d) is wide sense stationary
(e) has a periodic component
(f) has an ac power of 36w. [16]
7. (a) Consider a random process X(t) = cos (ωt + θ ) where ω is a real constant
and θ is a uniform random variable in (0, π /2)). Show that X(t) is not a
WSS process. Also find the average power in the process
(b) State and prove wiener-khinchin relation. [8+8]
8. (a) Derive the expression for effective input noise temperature of cascaded system
in terms of their individual input noise temperatures.
(b) Find the available power gain of the following circuit 1 [6+10]
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