GRE

TEST PAPER

ONE

240

GRE

InstructionAnalytic

WritingQuantitiveVerbal
Section 1 Analytic Writing
Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that
the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government
funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with
the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and
supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or
might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Section 2 Quantitive
1The equations below are linear equations of a system where a, b, and c are positive integers.
ay + bx = c
ay bx = c
Which of the following describes the graph of at least 1 such system of equations in the standard (x,y)
coordinate plane?
I. 2 parallel lines

II. 2 intersecting lines

A. I only B. II only

C. III only

III. A single line

D. I or II only

E. I, II, or III

2Let X and Y be the following sums of arithmetic sequences:

X = 10 + 12 + 14 + + 100,
Y = 12 + 14 + 16 + + 102.
What is the value of Y X ?
(A) 92 (B) 98 (C) 100 (D) 102 (E) 112
3Consider the set of numbers {1,10,102,103, . . . ,1010}. The ratio of the largest element of the set to the
sum of the other ten elements of the set is closest to which integer?
(A) 1 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 101
4 A power boat and a raft both left dock A on a river and headed downstream. The raft drifted at the
speed of the river current. The power boat maintained a constant speed with respect to the river. The
power boat reached dock B downriver, then immediately turned and traveled back upriver. It eventually
met the raft on the river 9 hours after leaving dock A. How many hours did it take the power boat to go
from A to B ?
(A) 3 (B) 3.5 (C) 4 (D) 4.5 (E) 5

5A frog located at (x, y), with both x and y integers, makes successive jumps of length 5 and always
lands on points with integer coordinates. Suppose that the frog starts at (0, 0) and ends at (1, 0). What is

the smallest possible number of jumps the frog makes?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6

The figure below shows a normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation d, including
approximate percents of the distribution corresponding to the six regions shown. Suppose the heights of
a population of 3,000 adult penguins are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 65
centimeters and a standard deviation of 5 centimeters.
6. Approximately how many of the adult penguins are between 65 centimeters and 75 centimeters tall?
7. If an adult penguin is chosen at random from the population, approximately what is the probability
that the penguins height will be less than 60 centimeters? Give your answer to the nearest 0.05.

8The total amount that Mary paid for a book was equal to the price of the book plus a sales tax that was 4
percent of the price of the book. Mary paid for the book with a $10 bill and received the correct change,
which was less than $3.00. Which of the following statements must be true? Indicate all such statements.
A The price of the book was less than $9.50.
B The price of the book was greater than $6.90.
C The sales tax was less than $0.45.

9If s is a speed, in miles per hour, at which the energy used per meter during running is twice the
energy used per meter during walking, then, according to the graph above, s is between
A 2.5 and 3.0 B 3.0 and 3.5 C 3.5 and 4.0 D 4.0 and 4.5 E 4.5 and 5.0

10a1, a2, a3, . . . , an, . . .

In the sequence above, each term after the first term is equal to the preceding term plus the constant c. If
a1+a3+a5=27, what is the value of a2+a4 ?

Section 3 Verbal
3.1 Sentence Filling
1. Political advertising may well be the most (i)____ kind of advertising: political candidates are
usually quite (ii)____, yet their campaign advertisements often hide important differences behind
smoke screens of smiles and empty slogans.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A polemical
D interchangeable
B effective
E dissimilar
C deceptive
F vocal
2. Human nature and long distances have made exceeding the speed limit a (i)____ in the state, so
the legislators surprised no one when, acceding to public demand, they (ii)____ increased
penalties for speeding.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A controversial habit
D endorsed
B cherished tradition
E considered
C disquieting ritual
F rejected
3. Serling's account of his employers reckless decision making (i)____ that companys image as
(ii)____ bureaucracy full of wary managers.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A belies
D an injudicious

B exposes
E a disorganized
C overshadows
F a cautious
4. In her later years, Bertha Pappenheim was an apostle of noble but already (i)____ notions,
always respected for her integrity, her energy, and her resolve but increasingly out of step and
ultimately (ii)____ even her own organization.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A anachronistic
D emulated by
B accepted
E appreciated by
C exotic
F alienated from
5. The (i)____ of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North Americas literary giants has thrown the
spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to (ii)____ his efforts as an amateur
entomologist.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A stigmatization
D foreground
B lionization
E transcend
C marginalization
F obscure
6. Belanger dances with an (i)____ that draws ones attention as if by seeking to (ii)____ it;
through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously
detached.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A undemonstrative panache
D focus
B unrestrained enthusiasm
E overwhelm
C unattractive gawkiness
F deflect
7. Ironically, the writer so wary of (i)____ was (ii)____ with ink and paper, his novel running to
2,500 shagreen-bound folio pagesa fortune in stationery at the time.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A probity
D acquisitive
B extravagance
E illiberal
C disapprobation
F profligate
8. The activists energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance
movement in the late nineteenth century (i)____ the assertion that the two movements were
(ii)____.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A undermines
D diffuse
B supports
E inimical
C underscores
F predominant
9. There is nothing quite like this movie, and indeed I am not altogether sure there is much more
to it than its lovely (i)____. At a moment when so many films strive to be as (ii)____ as possible,
it is gratifying to find one that is so subtle and puzzling.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A peculiarity
D indirect
B pellucidity
E assertive
C conventionality
F enigmatic
10. Despite the ____ of time, space, and history, human societies the world over have confronted

the same existential problems and have come to remarkably ____ solutions, differing only in
superficial details.
Blank (i)
Blank (ii)
A contingencies
D identical
B actualities
E similar
C exigencies
F diverse
1. At first, I found her gravity rather intimidating; but, as I saw more of her, I found
that______was very near the surface.
(A) seriousness
(B) confidence
(C) laughter
(D) poise
(E) determination
2. The newborn human infant is not a passive figure, nor an active one, but what might be called
an actively______one, eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds.
(A) adaptive
(B) selective
(C) inquisitive
(D) receptive
(E) intuitive
3. The breathing spell provided by the______arms shipments should give all the combatants a
chance to reevaluate their positions.
(A) plethora of
(B) moratorium on
(C) reciprocation of
(D) concentration on
(E) development of
4. The proponents of recombinant DNA research have decided to______federal regulation of their
work; they hope that by making this compromise they can forestall proposed state and local
controls that might be even stiffer.
(A) protest
(B) institute
(C) deny
(D) encourage
(E) disregard

5. Even those who disagreed with Carmens views rarely faulted her for expressing them, for the
positions she took were as______as they were controversial.
(A) complicated

(B) political
(C) subjective
(D) commonplace
(E) thoughtful
6. Until the current warming trend exceeds the range of normal climatic fluctuations, there will be,
among scientists, considerable______the possibility that increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 can
cause long-term warming effects.
(A) interest in
(B) uncertainty about
(C) enthusiasm for
(D) worry about
(E) experimentation on
7. Current data suggest that, although______states between fear and aggression exist, fear and
aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.
(A) simultaneous
(B) serious
(C) exceptional
(D) partial
(E) transitional
8. Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne Rainers 1974 film _____ the filmmakers active
involvement in feminist politics.
(A) preserved
(B) portrayed
(C) encouraged
(D) renewed
(E) antedated
9. Their _____ of loyalties is first to oneself, next to kin, then to fellow tribe members, and finally
to compatriots.
(A) merging
(B) hierarchy
(C) definition
(D) judgment
(E) cognizance
10. The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of _____, though the majestic beauty of
nature is indeed an important consideration.
(A) economics
(B) legislation
(C) cleanliness
(D) aesthetics

(E) restoration

3.2 Reading
Only an effective collaboration between filmmakers and art historians can create films that will
enhance viewers' perceptions of art. Filmmakers need to resist the impulse to move the camera
quickly from detail to detail for fear of boring the viewer, to frame the image for the sake of drama
alone, to add music for fear of silence. Filmmakers are aware that an art object demands
concentration and, at the same time, are concerned that it may not be compelling enough and so
they hope to provide relief by interposing "real" scenes that bear only a tangential relationship to
the subject. But a work of art needs to be explored on its own terms. On the other hand, art
historians need to trust that one can indicate and analyze, not solely with words, but also by
directing the viewer's gaze. The specialized written language of art history needs to be
relinquished or at least tempered for the screen.
(158 words)
1.The passage suggests that a filmmaker desiring to enhance viewers perceptions of art should
do which of the following?
(A) Rely on the precise language of art history when developing scripts for films on art.
(B) Rely on dramatic narrative and music to set a film's tone and style.
(C) Recognize that a work of art by itself can be compelling enough to hold a viewer's attention
(D) Depend more strongly on narration instead of camera movements to guide the viewer's gaze.
(E) Emphasize the social and the historical contexts within which works of art have been created.
2.According to the passage, art historians desiring to work with filmmakers to enhance the
public's appreciation of art need to acknowledge which of the following?
(A) The art historian's role in the creation of a film on art is likely to be a relatively minor one.
(B) Film provides an ideal opportunity to acquaint viewers with a wide range of issues that relate
incidentally to a work of art.
(C) An in-depth analysis of a work of art is not an appropriate topic for a film on art.
(D) Although silence may be an appropriate back- ground when viewing a work of art in a
museum, it is inappropriate in a film.
(E) Film can use nonverbal means to achieve some of the same results that a spoken or written
discourse can achieve.
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At
the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less
successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers
have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to
age- related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation,
whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach
glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein
molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly

to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule. This
nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades,
although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body.
Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino
group (NH2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is
called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself
into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product. If a given protein
persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and
rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with
various kinds of molecules to form irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end
products (AGE's). Most AGE's are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific
spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent
proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet
satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree
that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity
characteristic of aging tissues. In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts
(the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as
people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major
protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose
caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The
clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the
pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic
of AGE's. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to
cataract formation. (454 words)
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
3. According to the passage, which of the following
glycosylation of proteins?
A Proteins affected by the process are made unstable.
B Glucose attachment impairs and stiffens tissues.
C Glucose is attached to proteins for specific purposes.

is NOT characteristic of enzymatic

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Amadori products in
proteins?
(A) They are more plentiful in a dehydrated environment.
(B) They are created through enzymatic glycosylation.
(C) They are composed entirely of glucose molecules.
(D) They are derived from Schiff bases.
(E) They are derived from AGE's
5. Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage?
(A) It offers evidence that contradicts the findings described in the first two paragraphs.
(B) It presents a specific example of the process discussed in the first two paragraphs.

(C) It explains a problem that the researchers mentioned in the second paragraph have yet to
solve.
(D) It evaluates the research discoveries described in the previous paragraph.
(E) It begins a detailed description of the process introduced in the previous two paragraphs.
6. The passage suggests that which of the following would be LEAST important in determining
whether nonenzymatic glycosylation is likely to have taken place in the proteins of a particular
tissue?
(A) The likelihood that the tissue has been exposed to free glucose
(B) The color and spectrographic properties of structures within the tissue.
(C) The amount of time that the proteins in the tissue have persisted in the body
(D) The number of amino groups within the proteins in the tissue
(E) The degree of elasticity that the tissue exhibits
7. It takes a particular talent to be a successful business manager. Business courses can help people
to solve management problems, but such courses can do so only for those people with managerial
talent. Such people should take business courses to acquire ideas that they can subsequently use to
good advantage if management problems happen to arise.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
(A) People who are helped by business courses in solving management problems also have
managerial talent.
(B) People who are already skilled at solving management problems are unlikely to benefit from
business courses.
(C) Most ideas that are used successfully in solving management problems are those acquired in
business courses.
(D) People who lack managerial talent are more likely to take business courses than are people
who have managerial talent.
(E) Those people who have never taken business courses are unable to solve management
problems when such problems arise.
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions
committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral
development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist
Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not
take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather
simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six- year-old children not
only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as
naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate
that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral
development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary
than do children in the first stage. (163 words)

8.According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following
points?
(A) The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
(B) The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm
(C) The intentions children have in perpetrating harm
(D) The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts
(E) The justifications children recognize for mitigating punishment for harmful acts
9.According to the passage, Keasey's findings support which of the following conclusions about
six-year-old children?
(A)They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
(B)They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
(C)They do not understand the concept of public duty.
(D)They accept moral judgment made by their peers more easily than do older children. (E)They
make arbitrary moral judgments.

As of the late 1980's. neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately
predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe. Some studies suggested that a
four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in
atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planetwide temperature increase.
On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming. That clouds
represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such
models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon
dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But
when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. (125 words)
10.Select the sentence that indicates one reason the fourteen models described in the passage
failed to agree
Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what
is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will Line become accepted.
According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form
and establishes a new principle of organization. How- ever, the idea that extraordinary creativity
transcends established limits in misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be
valid for the sciences. Difference between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in
part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of
the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse
phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant
diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or
testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself
becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare s Hamlet is not a tract about the
behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso s painting Guernica
primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What

highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established
limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist
extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that
form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist some- times establishes a new principle of
organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the
highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition
establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because
they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the
Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would
include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart s The Marriage of
Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined
to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed
music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that
Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who
exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as
Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bachin strikingly original ways.
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
7. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
(A) Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?
(B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?
(C) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new
principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?
8. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with
(A) deep skepticism
(B) strong indignation
(C) marked indifference
(D) moderate amusement
(E) sharp derision
9. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that
(A) is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists
(B) is accepted immediately by the scientific community
(C) does not relegate particulars to the role of data
(D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact
(E) introduces a new valid generalization
10. Which of the following statements would most logically concluded the last paragraph of the
passage?
(A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did
not transcend existing musical forms.
(B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation
of great European composers.

(C) Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by
Monteverdi.
(D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.
(E) Actually, Beethovens most original works were largely unappreciated at the time that they
were first performed.