Male Repro - Path

Female Repro Path

Male:

Vasectomy:
Male Contraception. Vasectomy. Likely to Occur during FIRST MONTH
following procedure?
A: Viable sperm in Ejaculate
[Post 3 months20 ejactulations]

Cryptorchidism:
Decreased Inhibin from sertoli cells [picture] Scrotum lacks testes,
bilateral inguinal mass no testis descend, 2 nd sex characteristics Ok leydig
cells ok. Low sperm count
[N: Pit. Gland FSH Sertoli = Inhibin Inhibits Pit. Gland = FSH]

Kartagener Sd Ciliary Dysfunction:

Man: Infertile. Immobile sperm, abnormal tail function. Additional finding?
A: 1. Kartagener Sd
2. Persistent Bronchial Dilation LUNG
[Impaired Muco-ciliary Clearanceresp. Infection. Bronchiectasis Airway
enlarged Chronic Cough, Chronic Sinusitis, Recurrent otitis media]. Situs
Inversus Organs opposite side.]

Kleinfelter Sd:
17yo boy. Breast enlarged, Learning disability, Tall height, Small testicles,
firm
Lab finding?
A: 1. Klinefelter
2. Increased FSH

HCG and TSH:

Scrotal mass painless Large Testicle Enlarging. Increased Sweating, Heat
Intolerance. Lab shows increased T3, T4. Findings suggest elevations in?
A: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

[Testicular Cancer Germ cell tumor Increased hCG excess!! - look like
TSH, LH, FSH similar Structure hence hCG can stimulate THYROID GLAND =
Paraneoplastic Hyperthyroidism]

FEMALE:

PCOS Polycystic OVARIAN Sd.

Infertility, BMI 33kg, Face acne, hair on lip & Chin. Pathologic finding?
A: Enlarged Ovaries

PCOS Polycystic Ovarian Sd.

Treatment mechanisms best addresses her infertility problem?
A: Estrogen-Receptor Modulation
[Treat: Clomiphene = Estrogen-receptor Modulator.induces Ovulation
Increased Gonadotropin Released FSH, LH]

PCOS Polycystic Ovary Sd:

Female infertility, menstrual periods occur 2-3 times a year. Obese,
Excessive Hair Growth. Risk?
A: 1. Polycystic Ovarian Sd
2. Endometrium Adenocarcinoma

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors:

Nulliparous. CIN III. Most significant factor that predisposes patient to
invasive cervical cancer?
A: Lack of Barrier Contraception Condom use
[HPV 16, 18, 31.. Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cervix]
[Overexpressed E6 Binds p53 Degraded
E7 Binds Rb Displaces Transcription Factors Normally
Bound by pRB.Protein Product of Rb.tumor suppressor Protein]
Other: Imm Low HIV, Smoking

Endometriosis:
Infertility. Lower abdominal pain during periods. Pain during intercourse.
Normal size uterus. Her condition involves which?
A: Endometrial Glands outside the uterus

Cervical Cancer Risk Factor:

HIV [Immunosuppressed] gets HPV Risk: Cervical Cancer

Teratoma: ****
Abdomen Adnexal mass. Histo pic: See epidermis, dermis outline, sebaceous
gland. Diagnosis?
A: Teratoma

Comedocarcinoma: ***
Palpable nodularity in Breast. Ducts distended by: Pleomorphic cells with
Prominent Central Necrosis, Does NOT Extend beyond ductal basal
membrane. Diagnosis?
A: Comedocarcinoma
[Ductal Carcinoma Insitu = Precancer Breast Lesionmalignant clonal cell
prolif. Contained by surrounding ductal basement membrane]

Female Genital Tract Histo:

Never Pregnant, Infertility, Pelvic pain worse with menses. Multiple flescolored nodules on pelvis organs. Endometrail gland with hemosiderin
pigment. Biopsy has: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium cells. Site of Biopsy?
A: 1. Endometriosis
2. Ovary
[Endometriosis commonly Ovaries]

Ectopic Pregnancy: ***

Female abdominal pain RLQ. Vagina Bleeding. Menstrual Period 7 weeks ago.
BP 80/40. Shes pale, limbs cold and clammy. Endometrium curettage reveals:
A: Decidualized Endometrium
[No Chronic Villi or Embryo tissue]
[vs: Decidualized endometrium, Chronic Villi, embryo tissue = Intrauterine
pregnancy]

Endometrial Hyperplasia:
Granulosa cell Tumors Secrete Estrogen
CxP: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Endometrial Hyperplasia, Adnexal Mass.
Hyperestrogen-state. Risk: Endometrial Hyperplasia/Precocious
Puberty.Endometrial Carcinoma

Granulosa Cell Tumor:

Ovarian Mass, Yellow color surface. Is Granulosa-Theca cell tumor . Secretion?
A: 1.Sex Cord stromal Tumor
2. Secrete ESTROGEN

Fibroadenoma:
Mass in breast. Histo: Myxoid Stroma. Diagnosis?
A: Fibradenoma
[MC Benign Breast Tumor]

Ovarian Cancer Marker:

73yo Female. Lower abdominal discomfort. Adnexal Mass on right. Likely
elevated levels of?
A: 1. Ovarian Cancer
2. CA-125
[Malignant Ovarian Epithelium Tumors = produce CA-125]
[Pancreas Cancer, Colorectal Cancer Increased CEA. Hepatocellular
Carcinoma AFP, Testicular Cancer AFP Increased]

PREGNANCY & Child Birth:

Gallstones & Pregnant: **

Primigravida, Gallstones. Pathogenic components likely contributed?
A: Estrogen-Induced Cholesterol Hypersecretion & Progesterone
Induced Gallbladder HYPOMOTILITY Cholesterol Gallstones in
Pregnant.or OC Pills.

Preeclampsia:
Female Pregnant Throbbing headaches. BP 130/80 at gestation. Today BP
160. Additional finding?
A: 1. Preeclampsia
2. Proteinuria

Maternal Diabetes & Infant:

Mom DM-1.+ Glucose poor controlled. Infant large for age. Neonate likely
develops:
A: Transient HYPOglycemia

[Low glucosebc excess infant insulin made to compensate/counter Moms

high Glucose]

Infant Torticollis:
Intrauterine Malposition [of the head Oligohydramnios, Fetal
Macrosomia] Swelling in childs neck, Head TILTED [toward affected
muscle.SC Mastoid muscle contracted = Torticollis]
[NOT Fetal Alcohol, Not Collagen Issues, Not Resp Infxn by mom]