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1.
The once through boiler has high load response characteristics due to the fact that
it does not have a drum and has a much lower water inventory.
2.
In the once through boiler, many times the load change response is dictated by the
firing system and its controls rather than the boiler, per-say.
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Once through boilers have a separate start-up loop along with all its controls.
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As the load demand is met by varying both fuel and feed water flow
simultaneously, the controls are more sophisticated and have to be more reliable. More
redundancies are built in.
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The water quality level is much more stringent than drum type boilers. Normally a
condensate polishing unit is employed in once through units.
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In once through boilers the superheater headers are subjected to both fatigue and
creep when cyclic or two shift operation is resorted to. Hence these boilers are more
preferred for base load operation. However, the load change rate that theses boilers can
take is higher due to the absence of the drum.
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Once through boilers life time cost is expected to be more than the drum type
units.
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Cold start-up takes much more time in drum type units as the metal temperature
difference across the thickness dictates this.
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Drum type units do not find application in super-critical pressure power plants.
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The drum type boiler is more adaptable to cyclic and two shifting operation.
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The water chemistry is maintained within a band and can accommodate some
variations when compared to once through type boilers.
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The control system is more simplified when compared to the once through type as
load variations are done by fuel control and feed water is controlled by drum level.