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373
ABSTRACT
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INTRODUCTION
The speech is an acoustic signal, hence, it is
a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of
pressure transmitted through solid liquid or
gas and it is composed of frequencies
within hearing range. Sound is a sequence
of waves of pressure that propagates
through compressible media such as air or
water. Audible range of sound is 20 Hz to
20KHz, at standard temperature and
pressure. During propagation, waves can
be reflected, refracted,
or attenuated by
the medium.
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Recording of Sound
Sound recording is an electrical or
mechanical inscription of sound waves,
such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental
music, or sound effects. The two main
classes of sound recording technology
are analog recording and digital recording.
Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a
small microphone diaphragm
that
can
detect changes in atmospheric pressure
(acoustic sound waves) and record them as
a graphic representation of the sound
waves
on
a
medium
such
as
a phonograph (in which a stylus senses
grooves on a record). In magnetic
tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the
microphone diaphragm and are converted
into a varying electric current, which is then
converted to a varying magnetic field by
an electromagnet,
which
makes
a
representation of the sound as magnetized
areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic
coating on it.
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Window sequence
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I. Implementation of an LTI system in the
time domain.
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II. Equivalent
implementation of an LTI system in
the frequency domain.
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a) Choice of window
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b) Parameters
of the short-term
frequency spectrum
Besides the type of window rectangular,
hamming, etc. there are two other
factors in Matlab that control the shortCopyright 2013 SciResPub.
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GenerateTimeVsFreq.m
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21)
% Plot the spectrogram
22)
S
=spectrogram(myRecordingData,usedWindowLength,overlapLength,samplingRat
e-1,samplingRate,'yaxis');
23)
[ar ac]=size(S);
24)
S1=imresize(S,[ar (Duration*1000)/timeResolution]);
25)
AbsoluteMagnitude=abs(S1);
26)
figure(2)
27)
spectrogram(myRecordingData,256,200,256,samplingRate-1,'yaxis');
28)
TimeInterval=input('Enter the time interval in terms of multiple
of time resolution to see the frequencies present at that moment:');
29)
figure(3)
30)
plot(AbsoluteMagnitude(:,timeInterval));
Synthesis of Sound
There are many methods of sound
synthesis. Jeff Pressing in "Synthesizer
Performance and Real-Time Techniques"
gives this list of approaches to sound
synthesis, namely Additive synthesis,
Subtractive
synthesis,
frequency
modulation synthesis ,sampling ,composite
synthesis ,phase distortion , wave shaping
,Re-synthesis ,granular synthesis ,linear
predictive coding ,direct digital synthesis
,wave sequencing ,vector synthesis ,physical
modeling.
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b) Harmonic form
The simplest harmonic additive synthesis
can be mathematically expressed as:
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c) Time-dependent amplitudes
More generally, the amplitude of
each harmonic can be prescribed as
d) Matlab Code
MatrixToSound.m
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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Conclusion
The spectra of the sound corresponding to
time can be computed using the
GenerateTimeVsFrequency.m matlab file
and its result matches approximately with
that of specgramdemo function of the
matlab. Additive synthesis of sound can be
simulated with the help of the matlab file
created MatrixToSound.m. It approximates
the actual sound.
Acknowledgement
My research paper is dedicated to my
parents Sh. Vasu Dev Sharma, Lecturer
Biology at Government Senior Secondary
School Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh(India)
and
Smt.
Bandna
Sharma;
T.G.T
Mathematics at Sarswati Vidya Mandir
Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh(India) whose
blessing and wishes made me capable to
complete this paper more effectively and
efficiently.
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References
(a) Textbooks
1)
http://www.mathworks.in/matlabcentr
al/fileexchange/index?utf8=%E2%9C%9
3&term=spectrogram
2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_s
ynthesis#Time-dependent_amplitudes
3)
http://isdl.ee.washington.edu/people/s
tevenschimmel/sphsc503/
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http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/audio/synth.html
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