TERMINOLOGIES

TERMINOLOGIES

:Pipe
Pipe is a pressure tight cylinder used to convey a fluid or to transmit a
fluid pressure, ordinarily designated pipe in applicable material
specifications. Materials designated tube or tubing in the specifications
are treated as pipe when intended for pressure service.

Piping:
Piping is an assembly of piping components used to convey, distribute,
mix, separate, discharge, meter, control or snub fluid flows. Piping also
includes pipe-supporting elements but does not include support
structures, such as building frames, bents, foundations, or any
equipment excluded from Code definitions.

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Does it make any difference?

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Incompressible

Compressible

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:Piping System
Piping System is a network of piping and any associated pumps,
designed and assembled to serve a specific purpose. Piping systems
interface with, but exclude, major equipment, such as boilers, pressure
vessels, tanks, diesel engines, turbines, etc.

Piping Components:
Piping components are mechanical elements suitable for joining or
assembly into pressure-tight fluid-containing piping systems.
Components include pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting,
valves and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints, pressure
hoses, traps, strainers, in-line portions of instruments and separators.
Piping is typically round.

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Piping Nomenclature, Components:

Graphic of piping system illustrating
.Header
Flange.
Branch connection.
Elbow.
Valve.
Reducer.
Pipe support.
Expansion loop.

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Pipe system essentials:

Header

Main run of piping.

Take off

Branch run.

Stub in

Branch fitting connection made to header by

direct attachment of branch.

Branch
reinforcement
NPS
Pipe support

Branch fitting connection made to header by

direct attachment of branch.
Nominal pipe size.
Support elements which serve to maintain the structural
integrity of the piping system, these are typically nonlinear elements.

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Pipe system essentials:

Spring support

Support provided by an element composed of a

spring assembly, these are linear support
elements.

Snubber

Support provided by an element composed of a nonlinear, damping element.

Expansible fluid

Any vapour or gaseous substance, any liquid under

such pressure and temperature such that when
pressure is reduced to atmospheric, will change to a
gas.

Hydro test

Test pressure = 1.5 x MAWP (some of the time)

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Pipe system essentials:

MAWP

Maximum allowable working pressure

MDMT

Minimum design metal temperature

Expansible fluid

Any vapour or gaseous substance, any liquid under

such pressure and temperature such that when
pressure is reduced to atmospheric, will change to a
gas.

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Pipe Schedule:
Pipe Schedules are designations of pipe wall thicknesses as given in American
National Standard Institute, ANSI B36.10. Standard and extra heavy (extra
strong) pipes, where used in these sections, refer to Schedule 40 and Schedule
80, up to maximum wall thicknesses of 9.5 mm (0.375 in) and 12.5 mm (0.5 in),
respectively.

Tubes:
Tubes are generally small-diameter thin-wall pipes conforming to an
appropriate national standard.
Tubes are to meet the same general requirements as pipes.

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Pipe Fittings:
Pipe Fittings refer to piping components such as sleeves, elbows, tees,
bends, flanges, etc., which are used to join sections of pipe together.

Valves:
The term Valve refers to gate valves, globe valves, butterfly valves, etc.,
which are used to control the flow of fluids in a piping system.

Design Pressure:
Design Pressure is the pressure to which each piping component of a
piping system is designed. It is not to be less than the pressure at the
most severe condition of coincidental internal or external pressure and
temperature (maximum or minimum) expected during service.

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Maximum Allowable Working Pressure:

The Maximum Allowable Working Pressure is the maximum pressure of a piping
system determined, in general, by the weakest piping component in the system
or by the relief valve setting. The maximum allowable working pressure is not to
exceed the design pressure.

Design Temperature:
The Design Temperature is the maximum temperature at which each
piping component is designed to operate. It is not to be less than the
temperature of the piping component material at the most severe
condition of temperature and coincidental pressure expected during
service.

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Design Temperature:
For piping used in low-temperature application, the design temperature
is to include also the minimum temperature at which each piping
component is designed to operate. It is not to be higher than the
temperature of the piping component material at the most severe
condition of temperature and coincidental pressure expected during
service. For the purposes of the Rules, it may be taken as the minimum
fluid temperature.
For all piping, the design temperature is to be used to determine allowable
stresses and material testing requirements.

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Flammable Fluids:
Any fluid, regardless of its flash point, liable to support a flame is to be
treated as a flammable fluid . Aviation fuel, diesel fuel, heavy fuel oil,
lubricating oil and hydraulic oil (unless the hydraulic oil is specifically
specified as non-flammable) are all to be considered flammable fluids.

Toxic Fluids:
Toxic fluids are those that are liable to cause death or severe injury or to harm
human health if swallowed or inhaled or by skin contact.

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Corrosive Fluids:
Corrosive fluids, excluding seawater, are those possessing in their
original state the property of being able through chemical action to
cause damage by coming into contact with living tissues, the vessel or
its cargoes, when escaped from their containment.

Does vapour pressure make any difference?

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Yes it does
A fluid can be liquid at the pipeline pressure but a gss at
atmospheric pressure ex. LPG.
Least Hazardous

Non- toxic liquids

Toxic liquids
Non volatile flammable liquids
Volatile flammable liquids
Non flammable gases
Flammable/Toxic gases
Flammable/Toxic liquids
which are gases at STP

Most Hazardous

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Classes of Piping Systems:

Piping systems are divided into three classes according to service,
design pressure and temperature, as indicated in (Table 1.2). Each
class has specific requirements for joint design, fabrication and testing.

Pressure

Class I
P2
Class II
P1
Class III

T1

T2

Temperature