Rationale

Computer science is a field ofto

study App
that deals with solving a
Introduction
variety of problems by using computers.
To solve a given problem by using computers, you need to design an
Development
algorithm for it.
Multiple algorithms can be designed to solve a particular problem.
An algorithm that provides the maximum efficiency should be
used for solving the problem.
The efficiency of an algorithm can be improved by using an
appropriate data structure.

Data structures help in creating programs that are simple,

reusable, and easy to maintain.
This module will enable a learner to select and implement an
appropriate data structure and algorithm to solve a given
programming problem.
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Rationale

Click the following link to view the introduction animation.

Rationale

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Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:

Identify the fundamentals of application development
Identify the various phases of the application
development life cycle
Identify the various application development models

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Introduction to Application
Development

Custom-made
software

Application

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Designed to
meet specific
user
requirements

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Introduction to Application
Development (Contd.)

Factors to be considered while creating an application.

Type of application to be
developed

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Technology to develop the

required application

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Identifying the Types of

Applications

Interface

Character
User
Interface
Graphical
User
Interface

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Architecture

Single-tier
Two-tier
Three-tier

Platform

Desktop
Web
Cloud
Mobile

Device

Native
Device
Agnostic

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Identifying the Application

Development Technologies

You need to identify the technology that you will use to

develop the application.
There is a variety of programming and scripting languages,
which can be used for developing an application.
Some of these languages are C#, Java, C++, and PHP.
For developing an application for a particular hardware or
software platform, you need a Software Development Kit
(SDK).
An SDK is a collection of development tools that allows you
to create applications for a particular platform.

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The Application
Development Process

Click the following link to view an animation, which depicts

the need for the application development process.

SDLC

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The Application
Development Process
(Contd.)

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Requirement Analysis

Business Analyst

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Requirement Analysis
(Contd.)

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Requirement Analysis
(Contd.)

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Requirement Analysis
(Contd.)

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Design

System Architect

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Creates the design of the

application as per the
specifications provided in
the SRS document.

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Design (Contd.)

The design specification acts as an input for the

development phase, as shown in the following figure.

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Development

System

Programmers

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Testing

Software Tester

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Testing (Contd.)

Testing

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Data
and Algorithms
Just aStructures
Minute

Which one of the following types of testing involves

evaluation of the application by the customer?
1. Unit testing
2. Integration testing
3. System testing
4. Acceptance testing

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Data
and Algorithms
Just aStructures
Minute (Contd.)

Solution:
4. Acceptance testing

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Deployment

Release Manager delivers the

application to the customer.

Support is provided to the

customer to use the application
effectively.
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Maintenance

Customer Support
Personnel

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Identifying the Various

Application Development
Models
SDLC phases need to be adapted to different types of
requirements.
Various development models exist that can be implemented
based on the nature of the application.
Mostly used application development models:
Waterfall model
Prototype model
Incremental model
Agile model

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The Waterfall Model

Click the following link to view an animation, which

describes the Waterfall model.

Waterfall

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The Prototype Model

Click the following link to view an animation, which

describes the Prototype model.

Prototype

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The Prototype Model

(Contd.)

Variants of the Prototype model

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Data
and Algorithms
Just aStructures
Minute

Which one of the following types of prototyping involves

creating a prototype that will not be used to create the final
system?
1. Throwaway
2. Evolutionary
3. Incremental

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Data
and Algorithms
Just aStructures
Minute (Contd.)

Solution:
1. Throwaway

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The Incremental Model

Involves providing various application deliveries/increments

to the end user.
Involves the evaluation of each increment by the
end user.

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The Incremental Model

(Contd.)

The following figure shows the Incremental model.

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The Agile Model

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The Agile Model (Contd.)

Is directed by the following principles:

Development team members are more important than
processes and tools.
Creation of software has more priority than timeconsuming documentation.
Effort of the development team is focused on working
together with the customers.
Development plan is flexible enough to accommodate
changes.

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Summary

In this session, you learned that:

An application is custom-made software that is
designed to meet specific user requirements.
SDLC is a disciplined and systematic approach to
software development. It divides the software
development process into the following phases:
Requirement analysis
Design
Development
Testing
Deployment
Maintenance

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Summary (Contd.)

Once the application is implemented and the end-users have

started using it, the maintenance activities begin.
There are various development models that you can
implement based on the nature of the application.
The following application development models are mostly
used:
Waterfall model
Prototype model
Incremental model
Agile model

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Whats Next?

Before the next session, please ensure to:

Read Chapter 1 of the book, Fundamentals of
Application Development.
Go through the recorded lectures and Knowledge Byte,
and complete the Lab@Home exercises, based on the
learning plan available on the technology page on
Cloudscape.

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