1.

0 INTRODUCTION
The objective of this paper is to provide understanding and basic knowledge of the
correct use of grammar, sentence types and mood. This objective should student select
and adapt suitable instructional materials to do information transfer by reading and select
the article. In addiction, student must use computer skills in this task to design an
appropriate graphic organiser to present information and lastly, write an essay based on
the graphic organiser. The article choosen is about air pollution.
Air pollutant emissions has cause many environmental problems, such as global
warming, climate change and ozone depletion. Air pollution is a broad term which are
applied to all physical, chemical, and biological agents that modify the natural
characteristics of the atmosphere. Air pollution has both anthropogenic sources as well
as natural sources. The three main air pollution sources are industry, energy production
and transportation. Air pollutants can be divided into primary and secondary air
pollutants. A primary air pollutant is emitted directly to the air from a given source,
whereas a secondary air pollutant is formed in the air through chemical reactions.
This paper are divided into 5 parts;
i. Part 1 is the article which consist of two subchapter that shall deliberate on the
basics
of air pollution, most common air pollutants, and their impacts to the environment and
health.
ii. Part 2 is the graphic organizer which sums up the cause, effect of air pollution and a
few solution to prevent air pollution in diagram.
iii. Part 3 is the essay regarding air pollutions.
iv. Part 5 is the reflective essay regarding this assignment.

2.0 ARTICLE

What Is Air Pollution

By Conserve Energy Future
Pollution is a common term that our ears are attuned to, as we often heard and
read about various forms of pollution from the mass media. Air pollution is a form that
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refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical,

biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can also be termed as
pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke and etc. enters the atmosphere
and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to breath as the air becomes dirty.
Air pollution can further be classified into two sections. Visible air pollution and
invisible air pollution. Another way of looking at air pollution is that substance that holds
the potential to hinder the atmosphere or the well-being of the living beings surviving in it.
The sustainment of all things living are due to a combination of gases that collectively
form the atmosphere in which, the imbalance caused by the increase or decrease of the
percentage of these gases can be harmful for survival.
The ozone layer which is considered as crucial for the existence of the ecosystems
on the planet is currently being depleting due to the pollution. Global warming, a direct
result of the increased imbalance of gases in the atmosphere has come to be known as
the biggest threat and challenge that the contemporary world has to overcome in a bid
for survival.
The cause of Air Pollution:
In order to understand the causes of air pollution, several divisions can be made. Air
pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that
are direct result of the process are called primary pollutants. A classic example of a
primary pollutant would be the sulfur-dioxide which are emitted from factories. Secondary
pollutants are the ones that are caused by the inter mingling and reactions of primary
pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of several primary pollutants is also known
as secondary pollutant.
There are several cause of air pollution such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur
dioxide which are emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels; like coal, petroleum and
other factory combustibles has become one the major cause of air pollution. Pollution
emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes can also cause
immense amount of pollution. Human rely on these kind of vehicle to fulfil our daily basic
needs of transportation. But, over usage of these vehicle are killing the environment as
dangerous gases are being emitted. Carbon Monoxide caused by improper or
incomplete combustion and emitted from vehicles are considered as another major
pollutant along with Nitrogen Oxides, which are produced from both natural and manmade processes.
In addition, agricultural activities also contributes in polluting the air. Ammonia which
is a very common product used in agriculture related activities are also one of the most
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hazardous gases in the atmosphere. Nowadays, the usage of insecticides, pesticides

and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown. They emit harmful chemicals into the air
and can also cause water pollution.
Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth.
Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely
considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes, power plants, and other
human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas.
In the past 150 years, such activities have pumped enough carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere to raise its levels higher than they have been for hundreds of thousands of
years. Other greenhouse gases include methane, which comes from such sources as
swamps and gas emitted by livestock and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used
in refrigerants and aerosol propellants until they were banned because of their
deteriorating effect on Earth's ozone layer.
Furthermore, factories and industries also play a critical parts in air pollution.
Manufacturing industries can be found at every corner of the earth and there is no area
that has not been affected by it. Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby
depleting the quality of air. Likewise, Petroleum refineries also release hydrocarbons and
various other chemicals that pollute the air and also cause land pollution. Mining
operation, a process wherein minerals below the earth are extracted using large
equipment has caused massive air pollution as dust and chemicals are being released in
the air.
Besides that, household cleaning products and painting supplies also emit toxic
chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Often, wall paints emits some sort of weird
smell that makes it literally impossible for some of us to breathe. This, is also one kind of
air pollution.
Smog hanging over cities is the most familiar and obvious form of air pollution. But
there are different kinds of pollution like some visible and some invisible that contribute
to global warming. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere
that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air
pollution.
Another pollutant associated with climate change is sulfur dioxide, a component of
smog. Sulfur dioxide and closely related chemicals are known primarily as a cause of
acid rain. But they also reflect light when released in the atmosphere, which keeps
sunlight out and causes Earth to cool. Volcanic eruptions can spew massive amounts of
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sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, sometimes causing cooling that lasts for years. In
fact, volcanoes used to be the main source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide; today people
are.
On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit emissions of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases. One way is through the Kyoto Protocol, an
agreement between countries that they will cut back on carbon dioxide emissions.
Another method is to put taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that
people and companies will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less.

Effects Of Air Pollution

By Infoplease
Like photochemical pollutants, sulphur oxides also contribute to the incidence of
respiratory diseases. They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions
along with cancer, among other threats to the body. Several millions are known to have
died due to direct or indirect effects of air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air
pollutants are said to commonly suffer from pneumonia and asthma. Everyday levels of
air pollution may insidiously affect health and behaviour.
Indoor air pollution has a problem in developed countries, where efficient insulation
keeps pollutants inside the structure. In less developed nations, the lack of running water
and indoor sanitation has encourage respiratory infections. Carbon monoxide, for
example, by driving oxygen out of the bloodstream, could cause apathy, fatigue,
headache, disorientation, and decreased muscular coordination and visual acuity. Plus,
carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream and reduces oxygen delivery to the body's
organs and tissues. The health threat from CO is most serious for those who suffer from
cardiovascular disease. Healthy individuals are also affected, but only at higher levels of
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exposure. Exposure to elevated CO levels is associated with visual impairment, reduced

work capacity, reduced manual dexterity, poor learning ability, and difficulty in performing
complex tasks.
Acid rain, a form of precipitation that contains high levels of sulphuric or nitric acids
are released into the atmosphere during of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water can
contaminate drinking water and vegetation, damage aquatic life, and erode buildings.
When a weather condition known as a temperature inversion prevents dispersal of smog,
inhabitants of the area, especially children and the elderly and chronically ill, are warned
to stay indoors and avoid physical stress. Acid rain can cause great damage to human,
animals and crops.
Air pollution may harm populations in ways so subtle that they could not be
detected. For that reason, many research to assess the long-term effects of chronic
exposure to low levels of air pollution are being made. Another subject of investigation is
the relation of air pollution to cancer, birth defects, and genetic mutations. Other than
that, air pollution may effect on Wildlife just like humans, animals also face some
devastating effects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife
species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over
the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.
Another direct effect that the world is witnessing is global warming. With increased
temperatures worldwide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions
and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signalled an impending
disaster if actions for preservation and normalization arent undertaken soon.
Eutrophication is a condition where high amount of nitrogen present in some pollutants
gets developed on seas surface and turns itself into algae and adversely affect fish,
plants and animal species. The green colour algae that is present on lakes and ponds is
due to presence of this chemical only.
Ozone exists in earths stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from
harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earths ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of
chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go
thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems.
UV rays also have the capability to affect crops.
While looking at the man-made contributions towards air pollution, smoke again
features as a prominent component. The smoke emitted from various forms of
combustion like in bio mass, factories, vehicles, furnaces etc. Waste used to create
landfills generate methane that is harmful in several ways. The reactions of certain gases
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and chemicals also form harmful fumes that can be dangerous to the wellbeing of living
creatures.
Solution to Air Pollution:
However, there are solutions to this problem. For example, the government could
encourage people to use more public modes of transportation or carpooling to reduce air
pollution. By carpooling, people not only could reduce air pollution but save energy and
money as well.
Another answer to air pollution is by conserving energy since large amount of fossil
fuels are burnt in order to produce electricity. The environment could be saved from
degradation by reducing the amount of fossil fuels burned. Energy also can be
conserved by switching off fans and lights when you are not using it.
Air pollution could also be reduced by understanding the concept of Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle: Do not throw away items that are of no use to you but instead,
reuse them for some other purpose. Emphasis on clean energy resources. Clean energy
technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are on high demand these days.
Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers who are
interested in installing solar panels for their home. This will go a long way to curb air
pollution.
Furthermore, encourage the usage of energy efficient devices such as CFL lights
which consume less electricity. They also live longer, consume less electricity, lower
electricity bills and also help reducing air pollution by consuming less energy.

3.0 GRAPHIC ORGANISER

AIR POLLUTION

Burning of Fossil Fuels

Agricultural activities
Exhaust from factories and
industries
Manufacturing industries
Mining operation

SOLUTION

EFFECT

CAUSE

Respiratory and heart

problems
Harms to the wild life
Acid rain
Global warming
Depletion of Ozone layer

Use public transport/

carpool/ hybrid car
Conserve energy
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Use energy efficiently

4.0 ESSAY
Air pollution is a major problem faced by our government today. It is harmful to
every living creature on the planet. Today in the modern world we use a lot of thing that
leads to air pollution. Can you imagine that one day, for the air has become so polluted
that we have to wear a mask just to walk outside or not being able to open the windows?
Even worse, imagine looking out of your window and not being able to see anything
because the air has been so polluted.
There are many causes that leads to air pollution and one of them is from burning of
fossils. One of air pollution which is most commonly known comes from large amount of
smokes from the transportation. This happen every day with the use of fossil fuels in
cars, trucks, and other fuel used transportations. Emissions from vehicular combustion
engines contain gaseous oxide, nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide, which contribute to
the depletion of the ozone layer. With a thinner ozone layer, the earth will gradually
succumb to sweltering heat.
Agricultural activities has also become one of the causes of air pollution. Fertilizers
are useful for farmers as they accelerate the growth of crops and plants, while pesticides
are used to keep vermin, bacteria, and fungi that destroy their crops at bay. The
accumulation of fertilizer dust can give way to the production of ammonia and nitrogen
oxide, both of which contribute to global warming and harmful acid rain. Such pollution
also yields methane, a greenhouse gas. With the presence of high amounts of methane
in the atmosphere, the heat that should have been radiated back to the atmosphere are
bounced back to earth, keeping the earth insulated. However, the usage of pesticides,
especially those made from chemicals, wreaks air pollution. Air pollution caused by
pesticides can be fatal for animal, birds, even marine life, especially if the emissions
already infiltrate their food sources.
Another cause of air pollution is from the exhaust of factories and industries.
Nowadays, machines are producing and doing half of the human jobs. However,
machines needs oil or another fuel source to run and this will leads to produce air
pollution as smoke is being produced along the way. This smoke goes out to the
atmosphere and mixes with the air and then cause air pollution as many of us know.
Operations, like mining and truck traffic, are also one of the top causes of air
pollution. These activities release carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide
into the air; all of which contribute to development of smog and various health problems.
Apart from these emissions, gold mines also release mercury particulates to the

atmosphere. In excess amounts, mercury inhalation can lead to sensation disturbances,

muscle weakness, respiratory problems, certain cancers, even death.
The effects of air pollution are very harmful for health as it could cause different
kinds of respiratory diseases like heart attack, cancer, bronchitis etc. Every year, millions
of people all over the world died due to direct or indirect effects of air pollution. Air
pollution also could harms the wilderness. Toxic chemicals which are present in the air
can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic
pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.
Acid rain is another effects of air pollution. Harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides
and sulphur oxides are being released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil
fuels. When it rains, the water droplets will combines with these air pollutants, becomes
acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great
damage to human, animals and crops. Air pollution could also cause global warming in a
great scale. With increased temperatures worldwide, increase in sea levels due to the
melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have
already signalled as an impending disaster if actions for preservation and
normalization are not taken soon.
Moreover, air pollution depletes ozone layer. Ozone exists in earths stratosphere
and is responsible to protect all kind of life forms from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Today, earths ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro
chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer become thinner, harmful rays
shall be emitted back to earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. So, now is
the right time to stop the air pollution. In order to create a better place to live for human
being and wilderness, we have stop air pollution. There are a number of possible
solutions. People could make a lot to fight against environmental pollution; for example,
reduce electricity and water usage. To achieve this aim, people may use public transport
or car pool in order to decrease the burning of fuel. Walking or biking could also be good
not only for the environment but for the health, too.
One way of reducing the air pollution is by using public transport. Reduce the
amount of time you spend in the car, use public transportation or carpool whenever you
can, or change to hybrid car, if you could afford it. For shorter distances, walk or ride
your bike to do errands. Another way to deal with air pollution crisis is by preventing
unnecessary gas emissions by having energy efficiency. For example, insulating a
building will lead to less heating and cooling energy and will maintain a comfortable
temperature. By doing this, we can have very large economic saving.
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Reducing waste can also be considered as one of way to reduce air pollution.
Waste products increase day by day and highly effect air pollution. If we care to reduce
waste, the problem can be solved. To begin with, we choose eco-friendly product instead
of non-environmentally friendly product such as handcraft products, paper bags and
notebook. Therefore waste could be reduced. Finally, by recycling. Group the waste into
glass, plastic, and paper and send to recycling centre. This way, we can reduce waste
and prevent the speared of air pollution.
Air pollution is harmful to the environment. To make a better life for humans that
live in this earth, we must work together to reduce pollution to make a difference
environment. Humans can free without haze, asthama attack, or heart problems either.
So, humans all over the world must provide a better life to live longer.

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5.0 CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, air pollution which are caused by burning of fossil fuels,
agricultural activities, exhaust from factories and industries, manufacturing industries,
mining operation and etc.; could lead to world demolishment, if it is not contained as it
could harm humans and lead to respiratory and heart problems. It also contribute to
global warming, depletion of ozone layer and acid rain. To resolve air pollution problem,
we have to conserve energy, reduce, reuse, recycle, use energy efficiently and use
public transport, carpooling or change to hybrid car, in order to stop air pollution. With
these resolution, it is hoped that air pollution could be contained and we could provide a
better world for our future children to live in.

6.0 REFLACTIVE ESSAY

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Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving me the opportunity
to complete this assignment. I received this assignment by my lecturer, Mrs Suzana the
subject of the English Language Proficiency.
During the process to finish my assignments, below are the challenges and
obstacles I faced. By accepting this assignment, the main question which appeared in
my mind is whether this assignment could be completed within time as there are other
assignments from other subject that must be completed within the same dateline.
However, I will not take lightly to the ground and tricks for not completing the task within
the time given. Instead, I took up the challenge to perform this task in accordance with
the instructions given.
To overcome the constraints and difficulties that I mentioned above, I took the
initiative to brainstorm with colleagues. Brainstorming is indeed very helpful as I have
completed this task perfectly because I had the opportunity to discuss with my friends
and lecturers on how to complete the given tasks while obtaining decent results.
After successfully completing this assignment, I has taken some things as experience
and shall guide me to face the challenges of the future education. Through the
implementation of the tasks and practical of the subject, I learned that a teacher should
have a high skills in computer applications. This is because, on the whole practical and
tasks that need to be implemented using a computer in accordance with the title of the
course. Therefore, a teacher must equip themselves with the skills to use the computer
properly. If a teacher are equip with these basic skills, the skills of the next course can be
implemented more easily.
In addition, I have also learned that a teacher should be smart and creative in
selecting, using and producing material for a learning activity. Creativity of the teacher in
this matter is very important in helping teachers to provide an activity and learning topics
can be implemented effectively. The basic features of a material to be used must be
attractive to students. However, what is most interesting is not enough to ensure a
learning activity can be implemented effectively. Conversely, a material should really help
the effectiveness of the learning activities. Hence, the idea of a teacher creativity is
needed and required in making these things.
However, in terms of the values that I learned during the implementation of this
assignment, I learned to appreciate the time that have given performing this task. The
point here is that, after I get assignments from lecturers, I should be more proactive to
perform this task as direct. This is because, if I can perform this task earlier, I will be able
to avoid having to perform the task at the last minute to make sure I make the task is
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really high quality and meet the standard or standards have been set. At the same time, I
will be able to manage time wisely thus avoid unhealthy culture like sleeping late solely
to complete this task.
As an improvement, I see this as a time management aspect of my weaknesses is
the most telling. In this case, I took a few lessons to be more proactive when receiving
assignments from the lecturers so that I can manage my time there wisely and
effectively. Therefore, I will be able to produce quality work as well as using more time for
other more useful purposes.
Lastly, I am grateful to be able to complete this task properly and I hope that the
results provided meets the requirements needed. Most importantly, the knowledge and
skills I have learned during this assignment certainly add value to the knowledge and
skills of the existing mine.

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