xi

Sum
Correl

yi

xi-x

(xi-x)2

yi-y

(yi-y)2

0
2.1
-6
36
-11
121.00
2
5
-4
16
-8.1
65.61
4
9
-2
4
-4.1
16.81
6
12.6
0
0
-0.5
0.25
8
17.3
2
4
4.2
17.64
10
21
4
16
7.9
62.41
12
24.7
6
36
11.6
134.56
42
91.7
0
112
0
418.28
0.99888 (with the same significant figures taken)
0.99898 ( with variance of y taken with one demical point only)

oint only)

(xi-x)(yi-y)
66
32.4
8.2
0
8.4
31.6
69.6
216.2

xi
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
42

yi
2.1
5
9
12.6
17.3
21
24.7
91.7

xi-x
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
0

Sum
We then have b=
1.930357
And a is calculated by
1.517857
Thus, the equation for the regression line is y=1.52+1.93x

(xi-x)2
36
16
4
0
4
16
36
112

yi-y
-11
-8.1
-4.1
-0.5
4.2
7.9
11.6
0

(yi-y)2
121.00
65.61
16.81
0.25
17.64
62.41
134.56
418.28

(xi-x)(yi-y)
66
32.4
8.2
0
8.4
31.6
69.6
216.2

xi

xi2

yi

yir

|yi-yir|

0
0
2.1
1.52
0.58
2
4
5.0
5.38
-0.38
4
16
9.0
9.24
-0.24
6
36
12.6
13.10
-0.50
8
64
17.3
16.96
0.34
10
100
21.0
20.82
0.18
12
144
24.7
24.68
0.02
sum
18.6667
364
df
5
steyx
0.4328
sb
0.0409 b
0.105137
sa
0.2949 a
0.758157
The regression line is therefore written as : y = (1.520.76) + (1.930.10)x

(yi-yir)2
0.3389
0.1433
0.0573
0.2500
0.1151
0.0319
0.0003
0.9368

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.99888
R Square
0.99776
Adjusted R 0.997312
Standard Er0.432848
Observatio
7
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
MS
F
1 417.3432 417.3432 2227.528
5 0.936786 0.187357
6
418.28

Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat
P-value
Intercept 1.517857 0.294936 5.146395 0.003626
X Variable 1.930357
0.0409 47.19669 8.07E-008

RESIDUAL OUTPUT
ObservationPredicted Y Residuals
1 1.517857 0.582143
2 5.378571 -0.378571
3 9.239286 -0.239286
4
13.1
-0.5
5 16.96071 0.339286
6 20.82143 0.178571
7 24.68214 0.017857

Significance F
8.07E-008

Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
0.7597 2.276014
0.7597 2.276014
1.82522 2.035495 1.82522 2.035495

Recall from the previous exercise that y = (1.520.76) + (1.930.10)x

Given that t(0.95,5)= 2.570582
yo
xo
sxo
xo
xo+xo
2.9
0.72
0.26
0.68 0.72
13.5
6.21
0.24
0.62 6.210.62
23.0
11.13
0.26
0.68 11.130.68
2.82
0.27
Using (5.6.1) equation to calculate sxo, we have
With

sy/x
b
n

0.432848
1.93
7
112

From previous exercise, we have

yB (=a)
1.52
sB (=sy/x)
0.432848 1.298543
Therefore, the LOD (limit of detection) is quantified at value y B3sB = 1.52

The corresponding concentration value (x-value), as substituted in the regression equation y = (1.52
x-value
0.67
The corresponding sxo value for yB is
0.26 (copied from previous sheet)

sion equation y = (1.520.76) + (1.930.10)x

Spiked Ag
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
We have the formula to
sxE
then
xE

Abs
From the statiscial output we draw out these information
0.32
a
0.321785714
0.41
b
0.018642857
0.52
sp conc.
17.2605364 ug/mL
0.6
sy/x
0.0109218
0.7
y
0.601428571
0.77
sum(xi-x)^2
700 (df = n-1)
0.89
calculate sxE as followed :

0.748
1.8
Thus, the concentration of the sample should be represented as : 17.31.8

ug/mL

these information

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.998776
R Square 0.997554
Adjusted R 0.997065
Standard Er0.010922
Observatio
7
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
MS
F
1 0.243289 0.243289 2039.551
5 0.000596 0.000119
6 0.243886

Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat
P-value
Intercept 0.321786 0.007442 43.23942 1.25E-007
X Variable 0.018643 0.000413 45.16139 1.01E-007

RESIDUAL OUTPUT
ObservationPredicted Y Residuals
1 0.321786 -0.001786
2
0.415
-0.005
3 0.508214 0.011786
4 0.601429 -0.001429
5 0.694643 0.005357
6 0.787857 -0.017857
7 0.881071 0.008929

Significance F
1.01E-007

Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
0.302656 0.340916 0.302656 0.340916
0.017582 0.019704 0.017582 0.019704

Sample noCF result EP result

1
1.87
1.98
2
2.2
2.31
3
3.15
3.29
4
3.42
3.56
5
1.1
1.23
6
1.41
1.57
7
1.84
2.05
8
0.68
0.66
9
0.27
0.31
10
2.8
2.82
11
0.14
0.13
12
3.2
3.15
13
2.7
2.72
14
2.43
2.31
15
1.78
1.92
16
1.53
1.56
17
0.84
0.94
18
2.21
2.27
19
3.1
3.17
20
2.34
2.36

4
3.5
3
2.5
2
CF results
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

We first state that the range for conc. is wide (0.15-3.56 m

max
3.56
min
0.13
Take the CF results to be drawn on y-axis and EP results to
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.996647
R Square 0.993305
Adjusted R 0.992933
Standard Er0.082875
Observatio
20
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
1 18.34127
18 0.123629
19 18.4649

Coefficients
Standard Error
Intercept -0.049713 0.042914
X Variable 0.992415 0.019204

RESIDUAL OUTPUT
Observation
Y Residuals
f(x) = 0.9924151687x
-Predicted
0.0497127725
R = 0.9933046658 1 1.915269 -0.045269

0.5

2 2.242766
3 3.215333
4 3.483285
5 1.170958
6 1.508379
1.5
2
2.5
3
7 1.984738
EP results
8 0.605281
9 0.257936
10 2.748898
11 0.079301
12 3.076395
13 2.649656
14 2.242766
15 1.855724
16 1.498455
17 0.883157

-0.042766
-0.065333
-0.063285
-0.070958
-0.098379
3.5
4
-0.144738
0.074719
0.012064
0.051102
0.060699
0.123605
0.050344
0.187234
-0.075724
0.031545
-0.043157

18 2.20307 0.00693
19 3.096243 0.003757
20 2.292387 0.047613

onc. is wide (0.15-3.56 mg/L) --> each section would have its own variability, can't use paired t-test to check the

n y-axis and EP results to be drawn on x-axis, we have the statiscial output:

MS
F
Significance F
18.34127 2670.439 5.03E-021
0.006868

t Stat
P-value Lower 95%Upper 95%
Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
-1.158428 0.261829 -0.139872 0.040446 -0.139872 0.040446
51.67629 5.03E-021 0.952068 1.032762 0.952068 1.032762
(for Shewart chart)

25

3.5

paired t-test to check the correlation