Vector Mechanics For Engineers - 9th Edition

RMP - calculus
Cornelia demers: WIT

Chapter 11, Solution 1
Given: x  1.5t 4  30t 2  5t  10

dx
v  6t 3  60t  5
dt
dv
a  18t 2  60
dt
Evaluate expressions at t  4 s.
x  1.5(4)4  30(4) 2  5(4)  10  66 m x  66.0 m 
v  6(4)3  60(4)  5  149 m/s v  149.0 m/s 
a  18(4)2  60  228 m/s 2  a  228.0 m/s 2 
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond
the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student
using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
Given: x  12t 3  18t 2  2t  5

dx
v  36t 2  36t  2
dt
dv
a  72t  36
dt
Find the time for a  0.
72t  36  0  t  0.5 s
Substitute into above expressions.
x  12(0.5)3  18(0.5)2  2(0.5)  5  3 x  3.00 m 
v  36(0.5) 2  36(0.5)  2
 7 m/s v  7.00 m/s 
5 5
We have x  t 3  t 2  30t  8
3 2
dx
Then v  5t 2  5t  30
dt
dv
and a  10t  5
dt
When v  0: 5t 2  5t  30  5(t 2  t  6)  0
or t  3 s and t  2 s (Reject) t  3.00 s 
5 5
At t  3 s: x3  (3)3  (3)2  30(3)  8 or x3  59.5 ft 
3 2
a3  10(3)  5  or a3  25.0 ft/s 2 
Chapter 11 Solution 4
We have x  6t 2  8  40 cos  t
dx
Then v  12t  40 sin  t
dt
dv
and a  12  40 2 cos  t
dt
At t  6 s: x6  6(6) 2  8  40 cos 6 or x6  248 in. 
v6  12(6)  40 sin 6 or v6  72.0 in./s 
a6  12  40 2 cos 6 or a6  383 in./s 2 
We have x  6t 4  2t 3  12t 2  3t  3
dx
Then v  24t 3  6t 2  24t  3
dt
dv
and a  72t 2  12t  24
dt
When a  0: 72t 2  12t  24  12(6t 2  t  2)  0

or (3t  2)(2t  1)  0
2 1
or t s and t   s (Reject) t  0.667 s 
3 2
4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2
At t  s: x2/3  6    2    12    3    3 or x2/3  0.259 m 
3 3 3 3 3
3 2
2 2 2
v2/3  24    6    24    3 or v2/3  8.56 m/s 
3 3 3
x  2t 3  15t 2  24t  4
dx
v  6t 2  30t  24
dt
dv
a  12t  30
dt
(a) v  0 when 6t 2  30t  24  0
6(t  1)(t  4)  0 t  1.000 s or t  4.00 s 
(b) a  0 when 12t  30  0 t  2.5 s
For t  2.5 s: x2.5  2(2.5)3  15(2.5)2  24(2.5)  4
x2.5  1.500 m 
To find total distance traveled, we note that
v  0 when t  1 s: x1  2(1)3  15(1)2  24(1)  4

x1  15 m
For t  0, x0  4 m
Distance traveled
From t  0 to t  1 s: x1  x0  15  4  11 m 
From t  1 s to t  2.5 s: x2.5  x1  1.5  15  13.5 m 

Total distance traveled  11 m  13.5 m  24.5 m 
We have x  t 3  6t 2  36t  40
dx
Then v  3t 2  12t  36
dt
dv
and a  6t  12
dt
(a) When v  0: 3t 2  12t  36  3(t 2  4t  12)  0

or (t  2)(t  6)  0
or t  2 s (Reject) and t  6 s t  6.00 s 
(b) When x  0: t 3  6t 2  36t  40  0
Factoring (t  10)(t  2)(t  2)  0 or t  10 s

Now observe that 0 # t , 6 s: v, 0
6 s , t # 10 s: v. 0
and at t  0: x0  40 ft
t  6 s: x6  (6)3  6(6) 2  36(6)  40

 256 ft
t  10 s: v10  3(10)2  12(10)  36 or v10  144.0 ft/s 
a10  6(10)  12 or a0  48.0 ft/s 2 
Then | x6  x0 |  |  256  (40)|  216 ft

x10  x6  0  (256)  256 ft
Total distance traveled  (216  256) ft  472 ft 
We have x  t 3  9t 2  24t  8
dx
Then v  3t 2  18t  24
dt
dv
and a  6 t  18
dt
(a) When v  0: 3 t 2  18t  24  3(t 2  6t  8)  0

or (t  2)(t  4)  0
or t  2.00 s and t  4.00 s 
(b) When a  0: 6t  18  0 or t  3 s
At t  3 s: x3  (3)3  9(3) 2  24(3)  8 or x3  10.00 in. 
First observe that 0 # t , 2 s: v. 0
2 s , t # 3 s: v, 0
Now
At t  0: x0  8 in.
At t  2 s: x2  (2)3  9(2) 2  24(2)  8  12 in.
Then x2  x0  12  (8)  20 in.

| x3  x2 |  |10  12|  2 in.
Total distance traveled  (20  2) in.  22.0 in. 
dv
We have  a  8 m/s 2
dt
Then  dv   8 dt  C C  constant
or v  8t  C (m/s)
dx
Also  v  8t  C
dt
x t
At t  4 s, x  20 m:  20
dx   (8t  C ) dt
4
or x  20  [4t 2  Ct ]t4
or x  4t 2  C (t  4)  84 (m)
When v  16 m/s, x  4 m: 16  8t  C  C  16  8t
4  4t 2  C (t  4)  84
Combining 0  4t 2  (16  8t )(t  4)  80
Simplifying t 2  4t  4  0
or t2s
and C  32 m/s
v  8t  32 (m/s)
x  4t 2  32 t  44 (m)
(a) When v  0: 8t  32  0 or t  4.00 s 
(b) Velocity and distance at 11 s.
v11  (8)(11)  32 v11  56.0 m/s 
At t  0: x0  44 m
t  4 s: x4  20 m
t  11 s: x11  4(11)2  32(11)  44  176 m
PROBLEM 11.9 (Continued)
Now observe that 0 # t , 4 s: v. 0

4 s , t # 11 s: v, 0
Then x4  x0  20  (44)  64 m
| x11  x4 |  |  176  20|  196 m
Total distance traveled  (64  196) m  260 m 
We have a  kt 2 k  constant
dv
Now  a  kt 2
dt
v t
At t  6 s, v  18 m/s:  dv   kt dt
2
18 6
1
or v  18  k (t 3  216)
3
1
or v  18  k (t 3  216)(m/s)
3
dx 1
Also  v  18  k (t 3  216)
dt 3
x t 1 
At t  0, x  24 m:  dx   18  3 k (t  216)  dt
3
24 0 
1 1 
or x  24  18t  k  t 4  216t 
3 4 
Now
1 1 
At t  6 s, x  96 m: 96  24  18(6)  k  (6) 4  216(6) 
3 4 
1
or k m/s 4
9
1  1  1 
Then x  24  18t    t 4  216t 
3  9  4 
1 4
or x(t )  t  10t  24 
108
11
and v  18    (t 3  216)
3 9
1 3
or v(t )  t  10 
27
We have a  kt k  constant
dv
Now  a  kt
dt
v t
At t  0, v  16 in./s: 16
dv   kt dt
0
1 2
or v  16  kt
2
1 2
or v  16  kt (in./s)
2
1
At t  1 s, v  15 in./s: 15 in./s  16 in./s  k (1 s) 2
2
or k  2 in./s3 and v  16  t 2
dx
Also  v  16  t 2
dt
x t
At t  1 s, x  20 in.:  dx   (16  t
2
) dt
20 1
t
 1 
or x  20  16t  t 3 
 3 1
1 13
or x   t 3  16t  (in.)
3 3
Then
At t  7 s: v7  16  (7) 2 or v7  33.0 in./s 
1 13
x7   (7)3  16(7)  or x7  2.00 in. 
3 3
When v  0: 16  t 2  0 or t  4 s
13
At t  0: x0 
3
1 13
t  4 s: x4   (4)3  16(4)   47 in.
3 3
Now observe that
0 # t , 4 s: v. 0
4 s , t # 7 s: v, 0
13
x4  x0  47   42.67 in.
Then 3
| x7  x4 |  |2  47|  45 in.
Total distance traveled  (42.67  45) in.  87.7 in. 
Chapter 11, Solution 11.12
a  kt 2 (1)
dv
 a  kt 2
dt
t  0, v  32 ft/s and t  4 s, v  32 ft/s
32 4
(a)  32
dv   0
kt 2 dt
1
32  (32)  k (4)3 k  3.00 ft/s 4 
3
(b) Substituting k  3 ft/s 4 into (1)
dv
 a  3t 2 a  3t 2 
dt
v t
t  0, v  32 ft/s:  dv   3t
2
dt
32 0
1
v  (32)  3(t )3 v  t 3  32 
3
dx
 v  t 3  32
dt
t
x t 1
t  4 s, x  0:  
dx  (t  32) dt ; x  t 4  32t
3
0 4 4 4
1  1 
x   t 4  32t    (4) 4  32(4) 
 4   4 
1 4 1 4
x  t  32t  64  128 x t  32t  64 
4 4
We have a  A  6t 2 A  constant
dv
Now  a  A  6t 2
dt
v t
At t  0, v  0:  dv   ( A  6t
2
)dt
0 0
or v  At  2t 3 (m/s)
At t  1 s, v  30 m/s: 30  A(1)  2(1)3
or A  32 m/s 2 and v  32t  2t 3
dx
Also  v  32t  2t 3
dt
x t
At t  0, x  8 m:  dx   (32t  2t )dt
3
8 0
1
or x  8  16t 2  t 4 (m)
2
(a) When v  0: 32t  2t 3  2t (16  t 2 )  0

or t  0 and t  4.00 s 
1
(b) At t  4 s: x4  8  16(4) 2  (4) 4  136 m
2
1
t  5 s: x5  8  16(5) 2  (5)4  95.5 m
2
Now observe that

0 , t , 4 s: v. 0
4 s , t # 5 s: v, 0
Then x4  x0  136  8  128 m

| x5  x4 |  |95.5  136|  40.5 m
Total distance traveled  (128  40.5) m  168.5 m 
Radial and Transverse Components

an  10 g  10(9.81 m/s 2 )  98.1 m/s 2

v2
an  v 2   an  (8 m)(98.1 m/s 2 )  784.8 m 2 /s 2

v  28.0 m/s 
(a) First note v  72 km/h  20 m/s
v2
Now an 

d (20 m/s) 2
or 
2 3.2 m/s 2
or d  250 m 
v2
(b) We have an 

1 
Then v 2  (0.6  9.81 m/s 2 )   180 m 
2 
or v  23.016 m/s
or v  82.9 km/h 
v2
an  an  2.4 ft/s 2

v  45 mi/h  66 ft/s
(66 ft/s) 2
2.4 ft/s 2    1815 ft  

v2
We have an 

Then (vmax ) 2AB  (3  32.2 ft/s 2 )(80 ft)
or (vmax ) AB  87.909 ft/s
or (vmax ) AB  59.9 mi/h 
(a) At t  0, v A  0, which implies (a A ) n  0
a A  (a A )t
or a A  20 mm/s 2 
(b) We have uniformly accelerated motion
v A  0  ( a A )t t
At t  2 s: v A  (20 mm/s 2 )(2 s) = 40 mm/s
v A2 (40 mm/s) 2
Now (a A )n    17.7778 mm/s 2
A 90 mm
Finally, a A2  (a A )t2  (a A ) 2n
 (20) 2  (17.7778) 2
or a A  26.8 mm/s 2 
When v  72 km/h  20 m/s and   400 m,
v2 (20) 2
an    1.000 m/s 2
 400
But a  an2  at2
at  a 2  an2  (1.5)2  (1.000)2   1.11803 m/s 2
Since the train is accelerating, reject the negative value.

(a) Distance to reach the speed.
v0  0
Let x0  0
v12  v02  2at ( x1  x0 )  2at x1
v12 (20)2
x1   x1  178.9 m 
2at (2)(1.11803)
(b) Corresponding tangential acceleration.
 at  1.118 m/s 2 
We have uniformly accelerated motion
v22  v12  2at s12
Substituting (24 ft/s) 2  (14 ft/s) 2  2at (95 ft)
or at  2 ft/s 2
Also v  v1  at t
At t  2 s: v  14 ft/s  (2 ft/s 2 )(2 s)  18 ft/s
v2
Now an 

(18 ft/s) 2
At t  2 s: an   1.54286 ft/s 2
210 ft
Finally a 2  at2  an2
At t  2 s: a 2  22  1.542862
or a  2.53 ft/s 2 
RMP - alternate accel form

dv
(a) We have v  a  0.6v3/ 2
dx
v x
When x  0, v  9 m/s: 9
v  (3/2) dv  0
0.6 dx
or 2[v1/2 ]9v  0.6 x
1
or x (3  v1/ 2 ) (1)
0.3
1
When v  4 m/s: x (3  41/ 2 )
0.3
or x  3.33 m 
dv
(b) We have  a  0.6v3/ 2
dt
v t
When t  0, v  9 m/s:  9
v  (3/2) dv   0.6dt
0
or 2[v  (1/2) ]9v  0.6t
1 1
or   0.3t
v 3
1 1
When v  1 m/s:   0.3t
1 3
or t  2.22 s 
1 1
(c) We have   0.3t
v 3
2
 3  9
or v  
 1  0.9t  (1  0.9t )2
dx 9
Now v
dt (1  0.9t ) 2
x t 9
At t  0, x  0:  0
dx  0 (1  0.9t ) 2
dt
t
 1 1 
or x  9  
 0.9 1  0.9t  0
 1 
 10 1  
 1  0.9t 
9t

1  0.9t
9t
When x  6 m: 6
1  0.9t
or t  1.667 s 
An alternative solution is to begin with Eq. (1).
1
x (3  v1/ 2 )
0.3
dx
Then  v  (3  0.3x) 2
dt
Now
x dx t
At t  0, x  0:  0 (3  0.3x) 2
  dt
0
x
1  1  x
or t   
0.3  3  0.3x  0 9  0.9 x
Which leads to the same equation as above.
dx
(a) We have  v  7.5(1  0.04 x)0.3
dt
x dx t
At t  0, x  0: 0 (1  0.04 x)0.3
  7.5dt
0
1  1 
 [(1  0.04 x)0.7 ]0x  7.5t
0.7  0.04 

or
or 1  (1  0.04 x)0.7  0.21t (1)

1
or x [1  (1  0.21t )1/0.7 ]
0.04
1
At t  1 h: x {1  [1  0.21(1)]1/0.7 }
0.04
or x  7.15 mi 
dv
(b) We have av
dx
d
 7.5(1  0.04 x)0.3 [7.5(1  0.04 x)0.3 ]
dx
 7.52 (1  0.04 x)0.3 [(0.3)(0.04)(1  0.04 x)0.7 ]
 0.675(1  0.04 x)0.4
2
5280 ft  1 h 
At t  0, x  0: a0  0.675 mi/h 2   
1 mi  3600 s 
or a0  275  106 ft/s 2 
1
(c) From Eq. (1) t [1  (1  0.04 x)0.7 ]
0.21
1
When x  6 mi: t {1  [1  0.04(6)]0.7 }
0.21
 0.83229 h
or t  49.9 min 
dv
(a) We have av
dx
0.18v0 d  0.18v0 

x dx  x 
0.0324v02

x3
0.0324(3.6) 2
When x  2 m: a
(2)3
or a  0.0525 m/s 2 
dx 0.18v0
(b) We have v
dt x
3 t3
From x  1 m to x  3 m: 1
xdx  
t1
0.18v0 dt
3
1 2 
or  2 x   0.18v0 (t3  t1 )
 1
1
(9  1)
or (t3  t1 )  2
0.18(3.6)
or t3  t1  6.17 s 
RMP - special cases

(a) Acceleration of the car.

v12  v02  2a ( x1  x0 )
v12  v02
a
2( x1  x0 )
Data: v0  45 km/h  12.5 m/s

v1  99 km/h  27.5 m/s
x0  0
x1  0.2 km  200 m
(27.5) 2  (12.5) 2
a a  1.500 m/s 2 
(2)(200  0)
(b) Time to reach 99 km/h.
v1  v0  a (t1  t0 )
v1  v0
t1  t0 
a
27.5  12.5

1.500
 10.00 s t1  t0  10.00 s 
1 2
(a) Initial velocity. x  x0  v0t  at
2
x  x0 1
v0   at
t 2
220 1
  (0.6)(10) v0  25.9 m/s 
10 2
(b) Final velocity. v  v0  at
v  25.0  (0.6)(10) vf  19.00 m/s 
(c) Distance traveled during first 1.5 s.

1 2
x  x0  v0t  at
2
1
 0  (25.0)(1.5)  (0.6)(1.5)2 x  36.8 m 
2
(a) Time required to reach B.

v A  30 mi/h  44 ft/s, x A  0, xB  160 ft, a  11 ft/s 2
1 2
xB  x A  v A t 
at
2
1
160  0  44t  (11)t 2
2
5.5t 2  44t  160  0
44  (44) 2  (4)(5.5)(160)

t
(2)(5.5)
 4  6.7150
Rejecting the negative root. t  2.7150 s t  2.71 s 
(b) Speed at B.
vB  v A  at  44  (11)(2.7150)  73.865 ft/s
vB  50.4 mi/h 
1 2
(a) We have y  y1  v1t  at
2
At tland , y0
Then 0  89.6 ft  v1 (16 s)

1
 (32.2 ft/s 2 )(16 s) 2
2
or v1  2.52 ft/s 
(b) We have v 2  v12  2a ( y  y1 )
At y  ymax , v  0
Then 0  (252 ft/s) 2  2(32.2 ft/s 2 )( ymax  89.6) ft
or ymax  1076 ft 
Given: 0 #  # 35 m, a  constant
35 m ,  # 100 m, v  constant
At t  0, v  0 when x  35 m, t  5.4 s
Find:
(a) a
(b) v when x  100 m
(c) t when x  100 m
1 2
(a) We have x  0  0t  at for 0 # x # 35 m
2
1
At t  5.4 s: 35 m  a(5.4 s) 2
2
or a  2.4005 m/s 2
a  2.40 m/s 2 
(b) First note that v  vmax for 35 m # x # 100 m.
Now v 2  0  2a ( x  0) for 0 # x # 35 m
When x  35 m: 2
vmax  2(2.4005 m/s 2 )(35 m)
or vmax  12.9628 m/s vmax  12.96 m/s 

(c) We have x  x1  v0 (t  t1 ) for 35 m , x # 100 m
When x  100 m: 100 m  35 m  (12.9628 m/s)(t2  5.4) s
or t2  10.41 s 
(a) For A B
and CD
we have v 2  v02  2a ( x  x0 )
Then,
at B 2
vBC  0  2(4.8 m/s 2 )(3  0) m
 28.8 m 2 /s 2 (vBC  5.3666 m/s)
and at D vD2  vBC

2
 2aCD ( xD  xC ) d  xd  xC
or (7.2 m/s) 2  (28.8 m 2 /s 2 )  2(4.8 m/s 2 )d

or d  2.40 m 
(b) For A B
and C  D,
we have v  v0  at
Then A B
5.3666 m/s  0  (4.8 m/s 2 )t AB
or t AB  1.11804 s
and CD 7.2 m/s  5.3666 m/s  (4.8 m/s 2 )tCD

or tCD  0.38196 s
Now,
for B  C,
we have xC  xB  vBC t BC
or 3 m  (5.3666 m/s)t BC
or t BC  0.55901 s
Finally, t D  t AB  t BC  tCD  (1.11804  0.55901  0.38196) s
or t D  2.06 s 
Graphical Methods

(a)
Initial conditions: t  0, v0  18 ft/s, x0  0

Change in v equals area under a t curve:
v0  18 ft/s
0 , t , 4 s: v4  v0  (3 ft/s 2 )(4 s)  12 ft/s v4  6 ft/s
4 s , t , 10 s: v10  v4  (6 ft/s 2 )(6 s)  36 ft/s v10  30 ft/s
10 s , t , 12 s: v12  v10  (5 ft/s 2 )(2 s)  10 ft/s v12  20 ft/s 
12 s , t , 20 s: v20  v12  (5 ft/s 2 )(8 s)  40 ft/s v20  20 ft/s
Change in x equals area under v t curve:
x0  0
1
0 , t , 4 s: x4  x0  (18  6)(4)  48 ft x4  48 ft
2
1
4 s , t , 5 s: x5  x4  (6)(1)  3 ft x5  51 ft
2

1
5 s , t , 10 s: x10  x5  (30)(5)  75 ft x10  24 ft
2
1
12 s , t , 10 s: x12  x10  (30  20)(2)  50 ft x12  74 ft 
2
1
 16 s , t , 12 s:  x16  x12  (20)(4)  40 ft  x16  114 ft 
2
1
 20 s , t , 16 s:  x20  x16  (20)(4)  40 ft  x20  74 ft 
2
(b) From above curves, we read

For t  12 s: v12  20 ft/s, x12  74 ft 
Distance traveled t  0 to t  12 s
From t  0 s to t  5 s : Distance traveled  51 ft
From t  5 s to t  12 s : Distance traveled  (51  74)  125 ft
Total distance traveled  176 ft 
(a)
Initial conditions: t  0, v0  18 ft/s, x0  0
Change in v equals area under a t curve:

v0  18 ft/s
0 , t , 4 s: v4  v0  (3 ft/s )(4 s)  12 ft/s
2
v4  6 ft/s
4 s , t , 10 s: v10  v4  (6 ft/s )(6 s)  36 ft/s
2
v10  30 ft/s
10 s , t , 12 s: v12  v10  (5 ft/s )(2 s)  10 ft/s
2
v12  20 ft/s 
12 s , t , 20 s: v20  v12  (5 ft/s )(8 s)  40 ft/s
2
v20  20 ft/s
Change in x equals area under v t curve:

x0  0
1
0 , t , 4 s: x4  x0  (18  6)(4)  48 ft x4  48 ft
2
1
4 s , t , 5 s: x5  x4  (6)(1)  3 ft x5  51 ft
2
1
5 s , t , 10 s: x10  x5  (30)(5)  75 ft x10  24 ft
2
1
12 s , t , 10 s: x12  x10  (30  20)(2)  50 ft x12  74 ft 
2

1
 16 s , t , 12 s:  x16  x12  (20)(4)  40 ft  x16  114 ft 
2
1
 20 s , t , 16 s:  x20  x16  (20)(4)  40 ft  x20  74 ft 
2
From v t and x t curves, we read
(a) At t  10 s: vmax  30 ft/s 
(b) At t  16 s: xmax  114 ft 
Problem 11, Solution 63
(a) at  slope of v t curve at time t
From t  0 to t  10 s: v  constant  a  0
20  60
t  10 s to t  26 s: a  5 ft/s 2
26  10
t  26 s to t  41 s: v  constant  a  0
5  (20)
t  41 s to t  46 s: a  3 ft/s 2
46  41
t  46 s: v  constant  a  0
x2  x1  (area under v t curve from t1 to t2 )
At t  10 s: x10  540  10(60)  60 ft
Next, find time at which v  0. Using similar triangles

tv  0  10 26  10
 or tv  0  22 s
60 80
1
At t  22 s: x22  60  (12)(60)  420 ft
2
1
t  26 s: x26  420  (4)(20)  380 ft
2
t  41 s: x41  380  15(20)  80 ft
 20  5 
t  46 s: x46  80  5    17.5 ft
 2 
t  50 s: x50  17.5  4(5)  2.5 ft
(b) From t  0 to t  22 s: Distance traveled  420  (540)
 960 ft 
t  22 s to t  50 s: Distance traveled  | 2.5  420|
 422.5 ft
Total distance traveled  (960  422.5) ft  1382.5 ft
 1383 ft 
(c) Using similar triangles
(t x 0 )1  0 10
Between 0 and 10 s: 
540 600
or (t x  0 )1  9.00 s 
(t x 0 ) 2  46 4
Between 46 s and 50 s: 
17.5 20
or (t x 0 ) 2  49.5 s 
SOLUTION
(a) at  slope of v t curve at time t
From t  0 to t  10 s: v  constant  a  0
20  60
t  10 s to t  26 s: a  5 ft/s 2
26  10
t  26 s to t  41 s: v  constant  a  0
5  (20)
t  41 s to t  46 s: a  3 ft/s 2
46  41
t  46 s: v  constant  a  0
x2  x1  (area under v t curve from t1 to t2 )
At t  10 s: x10  540  10(60)  60 ft
Next, find time at which v  0. Using similar triangles

tv  0  10 26  10
 or tv  0  22 s
60 80
1
At t  22 s: x22  60  (12)(60)  420 ft
2
1
t  26 s: x26  420  (4)(20)  380 ft
2
t  41 s: x41  380  15(20)  80 ft
 20  5 
t  46 s: x46  80  5    17.5 ft
 2 
t  50 s: x50  17.5  4(5)  2.5 ft
(b) Reading from the x t curve xmax  420 ft 

(c) Between 10 s and 22 s
100 ft  420 ft  (area under v t curve from t , to 22 s) ft
1
or 100  420  (22  t1 )(v1 )
2
or (22  t1 )(v1 )  640
Using similar triangles
v1 60
 or v1  5(22  t1 )
22  t1 12
Then (22  t1 )[5(22  t1 )]  640
or t1  10.69 s and t1  33.3 s
We have 10 s , t1 , 22 s  t1  10.69 s 
Between 26 s and 41 s:
Using similar triangles
41  t2 15

20 300
or
t2  40 s 
Assume second deceleration is constant. Also, note that

200 km/h  55.555 m/s,
50 km/h  13.888 m/s
(a) Now x  area under v t curve for given time interval
 55.555  13.888 
Then (586  600) m  t1   m/s
 2 
or t1  0.4032 s
(30  586) m  t2 (13.888 m/s)
or t2  40.0346 s
1
(0  30) m   (t3 )(13.888 m/s)
2
or t3  4.3203 s
ttotal  (0.4032  40.0346  4.3203) s
or ttotal  44.8 s 
 vinitial
(b) We have ainitial 
t1
[13.888  (55.555)] m/s

0.4032 s
 103.3 m/s 2
or ainitial  103.3 m/s 2  
First note that (80 mm/s) (20 s) , 4000 mm, so that the speed of the pallet must be increased. Since
vpaint  constant, it follows that vpaint  vmax and then t1 # .5 s. From the v t curve, A1  A2  4000 mm
and it is seen that (vmax ) min occurs when
 v  80 
a1   max  is maximum.
 t1 
Thus,
(vmax  80)mm/s
 60 mm/s
t1(s)
(vmax  80)
or t1 
60
 80  vmax 
and t1    (20  t1 ) (vmax )  4000
 2 
Substituting for t1
(vmax  80)  80  vmax   vmax  80 

    20  60 
vmax  4000
60  2  
Simplifying 2
vmax  2560vmax  486400  0
Solving vmax  207 mm/s and vmax  2353 mm/s
For vmax  207 mm/s, t1 , 5 s
vmax  2353 mm/s, t1 . 5 s
(vmax ) min  207 mm/s 
The v t curve is first drawn as shown. Then

vright 12 in./s
ta   2s
aright 6 in./s 2
vleft 30 in./s
td  
aleft 20 in./s
 1.5 s
Now A1  60 in.
or [(t1  2) s](12 in./s)  60 in.
or t1  7 s
and A2  60 in.
or {[(t2  7)  1.5] s}(30 in./s)  60 in.
or t2  10.5 s
Now tcycle  t2 tcycle  10.5 s 
We have xii  xi  (area under v t curve from ti to tii )
1
At t  2 s: x2  (2) (12)  12 in.
2
t  5 s: x5  12  (5  2)(12)
 48 in.
t  7 s: x7  60 in.
1
t  8.5 s: x8.5  60  (1.5)(30)
2
 37.5 in.
t  9 s: x9  37.5  (0.5)(30)
 22.5 in.
t  10.5 s: x10.5  0
Given: At t  0, v  40 mi/h x  0; when x  2.5 mi, v  20 mi/h;

at t  7.5 min, x  3 mi; constant decelerations
The v t curve is first drawn is shown.
(a) We have A1  2.5 mi
 40  20  1h
or (t1 min)   mi/h   2.5 mi
 2  60 min
or t1  5 min 
(b) We have A2  0.5 mi
 20  v2  1h
or (7.5  5) min    mi/h  60 min  0.5 mi
 2 
or v2  4 mi/h 
(c) We have afinal  a12

(4  20) mi/h 5280 ft 1 min 1h
   
(7.5  5) min mi 60 s 3600 s
or afinal  0.1564 ft/s 2 
Given: (vmax ) AC  100 km/h, (vmax )CB  70 km/h;

v A  vB  0; t AB  B min, 20 s;
| a |  constant; v  vmax as such as possible
The v t curve is first drawn as shown, where the magnitudes of the slopes (accelerations) of the three
inclined lines are equal.
5
Note: 8 min 20 s  h
36
At t1 , x  8 km
5
h, x  12 km
36
Denoting the magnitude of the accelerations by a, we have
100
a
ta
30
a
tb
70
a
tc
where a is in km/h2 and the times are in h.

1 1
Now A1  8 km: (t1 )(100)  (ta )(100)  (tb )(30)  8
2 2
1  100  1  30 
Substituting 100t1    (100)    (30)  8
2 a  2 a 
54.5
or t1  0.08 
a
 5  1
Also A2  4 km:  36  t1  (70)  2 (tc )(70)  4
 
 5  1  70 
Substituting  36  t1  (70)  2  a  (70)  4
   
103 35
or t1  
1260 a
54.5 103 35
Then 0.08   
a 1260 a
2
1000 m  1 h 
or a  51.259 km/h  2
 
km  3600 s 
or a  3.96 m/s 2 
SOLUTION
Given: v0  6 m/s; for 0 # t # t , a  t ;
for t1 # t # 1.4 s a  2 m/s 2 ;
at t  0 a  12 m/s 2 ; at t  t1
a  2 m/s 2 , v  1.8 m/s 2

The a t and v t curves are first drawn as shown.
(a) We have vt1  v0  A1
 12  2 
or 1.8 m/s  6 m/s  (t1 s)   m/s
2
 2 
or t1  0.6 s 
(b) We have v1.4  vt1  A2
or v1.4  1.8 m/s  (1.4  0.6)5  2 m/s 2
or v1.4  0.20 m/s 
Now x1.4  A3  A4 , where A3 is most easily determined using

integrating. Thus,
2  (12) 50
for 0 # t # t1: a t  12  t  12
0.6 3
dv
Now a
dt
50
 t  12
3
v t 50 
At t  0, v  6 m/s:  6
dv    3 t  12  dt
0
25 2
or v 6 t  12t
3
dx 25
We have  v  6  12t  t 2
dt 3
xt1 0.6 25 2
Then A3  0
dx  
0
(6  12t 
3
t )dt
0.6
 25 
 6t  6t 2  t 3   2.04 m
 9 0
 1.8  0.2 
Also A4  (1.4  0.6)    0.8 m
 2 
Then x1.4  (2.4  0.8) m
or x1.4  2.84 m 
Geometry of “bell-shaped” portion of v t curve
The parabolic spandrels marked by * are of equal area. Thus, total area of shaded portion of v t diagram is:
= x = 6 m v20  50 m/s 
(a) When t  20 s:
x20  (60 m/s) (20 s)  (shaded area)
 1200 m  6 m x20  1194 m 
(b) From t  6 s to t  14 s: t  8 s
x  (60 m/s) (14 s  6 s)  (shaded area)

 (60 m/s)(8 s)  6 m  480 m  6 m  474 m
x 474 m
vaverage   vaverage  59.25 m/s 
t 8s
Curvilinear Motion

First note v0  315 km/h

 87.5 m/s
Vertical motion. (Uniformly accelerated motion)
1 2
y  0  (0)t  gt
2
1
At B: 80 m   (9.81 m/s 2 )t 2
2
or t B  4.03855 s
Horizontal motion. (Uniform)
x  0  (v x ) 0 t
At B: d  (87.5 m/s)(4.03855 s)
or d  353 m 
(a) Vertical motion. (Uniformly accelerated motion)

1 2
y  0  (0)t  gt
2
1
At B: 1 m   (9.81 m/s 2 )t 2 or t B  0.451 524 s
2
Horizontal motion (Uniform)
x  0  (v x ) 0 t
At B: 7 m  v0 (0.451524 s)
or v0  15.5031 m/s v0  15.50 m/s 
1
(b) Vertical motion: At C: 3 m   (9.81 m/s 2 ) t 2
2
or tC  0.782062 s
Horizontal motion.
At C: (7  d ) m  (15.5031 m/s)(0.782062 s)
 or d  5.12 m 

1 2
y  0  (0)t  gt
2
x  0  (vx )0 t  v0t
1 1
At B: y: 3 ft   (32.2 ft/s 2 )t 2
3 2
or t B  0.455016 s
Then x: 7 ft  (v0 ) B (0.455016 s)
or (v0 ) B  15.38 ft/s
1
At C: y: 2 ft   (32.2 ft/s 2 )t 2
2
or tC  0.352454 s
1
Then x: 12 ft  (v0 )C (0.352454 s)
3
or (v0 )C  35.0 ft/s
15.38 ft/s # v0 # 35.0 ft/s 
(a) Vertical motion. (Uniformly accelerated motion)

1 2
y  0  (0)t  gt
2
x  0  (vx )0 t  v0t
5 5 1
When h  31 in., y  2 ft: 2 ft   (32.2 ft/s 2 )t 2
12 12 2
or t31  0.387432 s
Then 40 ft  (v0 )31 (0.387432 s)
or (v0 )31  103.244 ft/s  70.4 mi/h
1
When h  42 in., y  1.5 ft:  1.5 ft   (32.2 ft/s 2 ) t 2
2
or t42  0.305234 s
Then 40 ft  (v0 ) 42 (0.305234 s)
or (v0 ) 42  131.047 ft/s  89.4 mi/h
70.4 mi/h # v0 # 89.4 mi/h 
(b) For the vertical motion

v y  (0)  gt
|(v y ) B | gt
Now tan   
(v x ) B v0
(32.2 ft/s 2 )(0.387432 s)

When h  31 in.: tan  
103.244 ft/s
 0.120833
or  31  6.89 
(32.2 ft/s 2 )(0.305234 s)

When h  42 in.: tan  
131.047 ft/s
 0.075000
or  42  4.29 
First note (vx )0  (13.40 m/s) cos 20  12.5919 m/s

(v y )0  (13.40 m/s) sin 20  4.5831 m/s
(a) Horizontal motion. (Uniform)

x  0  (v x ) 0 t
At C 9 m  (12.5919 m/s) t or tC  0.71475 s

1 2
y  y0  (v y )0 t  gt
2
At C: yc  2.1 m  (4.5831 m/s)(0.71475 s)
1
 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.71475 s) 2
2
 2.87 m
yC . 2.43 m (height of net)  ball clears net 
1
(b) At B, y  0: 0  2.1 m  (4.5831 m/s)t  (9.81 m/s 2 )t 2
2
Solving t B  1.271175 s (the other root is negative)
Then d  (vx )0 t B  (12.5919 m/s)(1.271175 s)

 16.01 m
The ball lands b  (16.01  9.00) m  7.01 m from the net 
First note
(vx )0  (1.2 m/s) cos 40  0.91925 m/s
(v y )0  (1.2 m/s) sin 40  0.77135 m/s

x  0  (v x ) 0 t
1 2
y  y0  (v y )0 t  gt
2
Milk enters glass at B
x: 0.08 m  (0.91925 m/s) t or t B  0.087028 s
y : 0.140 m  hB  (0.77135 m/s)(0.087028 s)
1
 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.087028 s) 2
2
or hB  0.244 m
Milk enters glass at C
x : 0.146 m  (0.91925 m/s) t or tC  0.158825 s
y : 0.140 m  hC  (0.77135 m/s)(0.158825 s)
1
 (9.81 m/s 2 )(0.158825 s) 2
2
or hC  0.386 m
 0.244 m # h # 0.386 m 
First note (vx )0  (160 ft/s) cos 25

(v y )0  (160 ft/s)sin 25
and at B xB  d cos 5 yB   d sin 5
Now Horizontal motion. (Uniform)
x  0  (v x ) 0 t
cos 5
At B d cos 5  (160 cos 25)t or t B  d
160 cos 25
1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt ( g  32.2 ft/s 2 )
2
1 2
At B:  d sin 5  (160 sin 25)t B  gt B
2
2
 cos 5  1  cos 5  2
Substituting for t B d sin 5  (160 sin 25)  d  g   d
 160 cos 25  2  160 cos 25 
2
or d (160 cos 25)2 (tan 5  tan 25)
32.2 cos 5
 726.06 ft
or d  242 yd 
First note (vx )0  (2.5 ft/s) cos 15  2.4148 ft/s

(v y )0  (2.5 ft/s) sin 15  0.64705 ft/s

1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt
2
At the top of the trough
1
8.8 ft  (0.64705 ft/s) t  (32.2 ft/s 2 ) t 2
2
or t BC  0.719491 s (the other root is negative)
x  0  (v x ) 0 t
In time t BC xBC  (2.4148 ft/s)(0.719491 s)  1.737 ft

Thus, the trough must be placed so that
xB # 1.737 ft xC $ 1.737 ft
Since the trough is 2 ft wide, it then follows that 0 # d # 1.737 ft 
(v0 ) x  v0 cos 20

 0.9397 v0
(v0 ) y  v0 sin 20
 0.3420 v0
Horizontal motion. x  (v0 ) x t  (0.9397 v0 ) t
At B: 30 ft  (0.9397 v0 ) t t  31.925/v0 (1)
1 2
Vertical motion. y  (v0 ) y t  gt
2
1
At B: 18 ft  v0 (0.3420) t  32.2t 2
2
2
 31.925 
Using Eq. (1): 18  (0.3420)(31.925)  (16.1)  
 v0 
2
 31.925 
28.918  (16.1)  
 v0 
(16.1)(31.925) 2
v02   567.44 ft 2 /s 2
28.918
 v0  23.82 ft/s  v0  23.8 ft/s 
First note
(vx )0  v0 cos 30
(v y )0  v0 sin 30

x  0  (v x ) 0 t
16  d
At B: (16  d )  (v0 cos 30) t or t B 
v0 cos 30

1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt ( g  32.2 ft/s 2 )
2
1 2
At B: 3.2  (v0 sin 30) t B  gt B
2
2
 16  d  1  16  d 
Substituting for tB 3.2  (v0 sin 30)   g 
 v0 cos 30  2  v0 cos 30 
2 g (16  d ) 2
or v02  d ~ ft
 1 
3 (16  d )  3.2 
 3 
2(32.2) 16  129 

2
(a) d  9 in.: v02 

3

1
3
16  129   3.2
or v0  29.8 ft/s 
2(32.2) 16  17
12 
2
(b) d  17 in.: v02 

3

1
3
16  1712   3.2
 or v0  29.6 ft/s 
First note
(vx )0  v0 cos 3
(v y )0  v0 sin 3

x  0  (v x ) 0 t
6
When x  6 m: 6  (v0 cos 3)t or t6 
v0 cos 3

1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
2
When the ball reaches the tire, t  t6
 6 
yB ,C  (v0 sin 3)  
 v0 cos 3 
2
1  6 
 g 
2  v0 cos 3 
18(9.81)
or v02 
cos 3(6 tan 3  yB , C )
2
177.065
or v02 
0.314447  yB ,C
177.065
At B, y  0.53 m: v02 
0.314447  (0.53)
or (v0 ) B  14.48 m/s
177.06 s
At C, y  1.25 m: v02 
0.314447  (1.25)
or (v0 )C  10.64 m/s
  10.64 m/s # v0 # 14.48 m/s 
First note
(vx )0  v0 cos 65
(v y )0  v0 sin 65

x  0  (v x ) 0 t
At either B or C, x  5 m
s  (v0 cos 65)t B ,C
5
or t B ,C 
(v0 cos 65)

1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
2
At the tree limbs, t  t B ,C
2
 5  1  5 
y B ,C  (v0 sin 65)   g 
 v0 cos 65  2  v0 cos 65 
1
(9.81)(25)
or v02  2
cos 65(5 tan 65  yB , C )
2
686.566

5 tan 65  yB , C
686.566
At Point B: v02  or (v0 ) B  10.95 m/s
5 tan 65  5
686.566
At Point C: v02  or (v0 )C  11.93 m/s
5 tan 65  5.9
 10.95 m/s # v0 # 11.93 m/s 
First note (vx )0  v0 sin 15

(v y )0  v0 cos 15

vx  (vx )0  v0 sin 15
1 2
v y  (v y )0  gt y  0  (v y ) 0 t gt
2
1
 v0 cos 15  gt  (v0 cos 15) t  gt 2
2
At Point B, v y , 0
(v x ) B v0 sin 15
Then tan 12  
|(v y ) B | gt B  v0 cos 15
v0 sin 15 

or tB    cos 15  g  9.81 m/s 2
g  tan 12 
 0.22259 v0
Noting that yB  0.2 m,
1
We have 0.2  (v0 cos 15)(0.22259 v0 )  (9.81)(0.22259 v0 ) 2
2
or v0  2.67 m/s 
First note v0  105 mi/h  154 ft/s
and (vx )0  v0 cos   (154 ft/s) cos 

(v y )0  v0 sin   (154 ft/s) sin 

x  0  (vx )0 t  (154 cos  )t
At the front of the net, x  16 ft

Then 16  (154 cos  )t
8
or tenter 
77 cos 
1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt
2
1
 (154 sin  ) t  gt 2 ( g  32.2 ft/s 2 )
2
At the front of the net,
1 2
yfront  (154 sin  ) tenter  gtenter
2
2
 8  1  8 
 (154 sin  )   g 
 77 cos   2  77 cos  
32 g
 16 tan  
5929 cos 2 
1
Now  sec2   1  tan 2 
cos 
2
32 g
Then yfront  16 tan   (1  tan 2  )
5929
5929  5929 
or tan 2   tan   1  yfront   0
2g  32 g 
   
1/ 2
 2 
5929
   5929  4 1  5929 y
32 g front 
 
2g 2g
Then tan  
2
1/ 2
5929  5929  2  5929 
tan        front  
4  32.2  4  32.2   32  32.2
or 1 y
 
or tan   46.0326  [(46.0326) 2  (1  5.7541 yfront )]1/ 2
Now 0 # yfront # 4 ft so that the positive root will yield values of  . 45 for all values of yfront.
When the negative root is selected,  increases as yfront is increased. Therefore, for  max , set
yfront  yC  4 ft
Then tan   46.0326  [(46.0326) 2  (1  5.7541  4)]1/ 2
or  max  14.6604  max  14.66 

8
(b) We had found tenter 
77 cos 
8

77 cos 14.6604
or tenter  0.1074 s 
First note
v0  72 km/h  20 m/s
and (vx )0  v0 cos   (20 m/s) cos 

(v y )0  v0 sin   (20 m/s) sin 

x  0  (vx )0 t  (20 cos  ) t
7
At Point B: 14  (20 cos  )t or t B 
10 cos 
1 2 1
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt  (20 sin  )t  gt 2 ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
2 2
1 2
At Point B: 0.08  (20 sin  )t B  gt B
2
Substituting for t B
2
 7  1  7 
0.08  (20 sin  )   g 
 10 cos   2  10 cos  
1 49
or 8  1400 tan   g
2 cos 2 
1
Now  sec2   1  tan 2 
cos 2 
Then 8  1400 tan   24.5 g (1  tan 2  )
or 240.345 tan 2   1400 tan   248.345  0

Solving   10.3786 and   79.949
Rejecting the second root because it is not physically reasonable, we have
  10.38 
(b) We have vx  (vx )0  20 cos 
and v y  (v y )0  gt  20 sin   gt
At Point B: (v y ) B  20 sin   gt B
7g
 20 sin  
10 cos 
Noting that at Point B, v y , 0, we have
|(v y ) B |
tan  
vx
7g
10 cos 
 20 sin 

20 cos 
7 9.81
200 cos 10.3786
 sin 10.3786

cos 10.3786
or   9.74 
First note (vx )0  v0 cos 

(v y )0  v0 sin 

x  0  (vx )0 t  (v0 cos  ) t
At Point B: 1.8  (v0 cos  )t
1.8
or tB 
v0 cos 

1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt
2
1
 (v0 sin  ) t  gt 2 ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
2
1 2
At Point B: 1.4  (v0 sin  ) t B  gt B
2
Substituting for t B
2
 1.8  1  1.8 
1.4  (v0 sin  )   g 
 v0 cos   2  v0 cos  
1.62 g
or v02 
cos  (1.8 tan   1.4)
2
1.62 g

0.9 sin 2  1.4 cos 2 
Now minimize v02 with respect to .
dv02 (1.8 cos 2  2.8 cos  sin  )

We have  1.62 g 0
d (0.9 sin 2  1.4 cos 2  ) 2
or 1.8 cos 2  1.4 sin 2  0
18
or tan 2 
14
or   26.0625 and   206.06
Rejecting the second value because it is not physically possible, we have
  26.1 
1.62  9.81
Finally, v02 
cos 26.0625(1.8 tan 26.0625  1.4)
2
or (v0 ) min  2.94 m/s 

First note (vx )0  v0 cos   (8 m/s) cos 

(v y )0  v0 sin   (8 m/s) sin 

x  0  (vx )0 t  (8 cos  ) t
At Point B: x  d : d  (8 cos  ) t
d
or tB 
8 cos 
1 2
y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt
2
1
 (8 sin  ) t  gt 2 ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
2
1
At Point B: 0  (8 sin  ) t B  gt B2
2
Simplifying and substituting for t B
1  d 
0  8 sin   g 
2  8 cos  
64
or d sin 2 (1)
g
(a) When h  0, the water can follow any physically possible trajectory. It then follows from
Eq. (1) that d is maximum when 2  90
or   45 
64
Then d sin (2  45)
9.81
or d max  6.52 m 
(b) Based on Eq. (1) and the results of Part a, it can be concluded that d increases in value as  increases
in value from 0 to 45° and then d decreases as  is further increased. Thus, d max occurs for the value
of  closest to 45° and for which the water just passes over the first row of corn plants. At this row,
xcom  1.5 m
1.5
so that tcorn 
8 cos 
Also, with ycorn  h, we have
1 2
h  (8 sin  ) tcorn  gtcorn
2
Substituting for tcorn and noting h  1.8 m,

2
 1.5  1  1.5 
1.8  (8 sin  )   g 
 8 cos   2  8 cos  
2.25 g
or 1.8  1.5 tan  
128 cos 2 
1
Now  sec2   1  tan 2 
cos 2 
2.25(9.81)
Then 1.8  1.5 tan   (1  tan 2  )
128
or 0.172441 tan 2   1.5 tan   1.972441  0

Solving   58.229 and   81.965
From the above discussion, it follows that d  d max when
  58.2 
Finally, using Eq. (1)
64
d sin (2  58.229)
9.81
or d max  5.84 m 
First note (vx )0  v0 cos   (11.5 m/s) cos 

(v y )0  v0 sin   (11.5 m/s) sin 
By observation, d max occurs when ymax  1.1 m.

1 2
v y  (v y )0  gt y  0  (v y ) 0 t  gt
2
1
 (11.5 sin  )  gt  (11.5 sin  ) t  gt 2
2
When y  ymax at B , (v y ) B  0
Then (v y ) B  0  (11.5 sin  )  gt
11.5 sin 
or tB  ( g  9.81 m/s 2 )
g
1 2
and yB  (11.5 sin  ) t B  gt B
2
Substituting for t B and noting yB  1.1 m
2
 11.5 sin   1  11.5 sin  
1.1  (11.5 sin  )   g 
 g  2  g 
1
 (11.5) 2 sin 2 
2g
2.2  9.81
or sin 2     23.8265
11.52

x  0  (vx )0 t  (11.5 cos  ) t
At Point B: x  d max and t  t B
11.5
where tB  sin 23.8265  0.47356 s
9.81
Then d max  (11.5)(cos 23.8265)(0.47356)
or d max  4.98 m 
(b) From above   23.8 
First determine the velocity of the bag as it lands on the belt. Now
[(vB ) x ]0  (vB )0 cos 30

 (2.5 ft/s) cos 30
[(vB ) y ]0  (vB )0 sin 30
 (2.5 ft/s)sin 30
x  0  [(vB ) x ]0 t (vB ) x  [(vB ) x ]0
 (2.5 cos 30)t  2.5 cos 30

1 2
y  y0  [(vB ) y ]0 t  gt (vB ) y  [(vB ) y ]0  gt
2
1 2
 1.5  (2.5 sin 30) t  gt  2.5 sin 30  gt
2
The equation of the line collinear with the top surface of the belt is
y  x tan 20
Thus, when the bag reaches the belt
1 2
1.5  (2.5 sin 30) t  gt  [(2.5 cos 30) t ]tan 20
2
1
or (32.2) t 2  2.5(cos 30 tan 20  sin 30) t  1.5  0
2
or 16.1t 2  0.46198t  1.5  0

Solving t  0.31992 s and t  0.29122 s (Reject)
The velocity v B of the bag as it lands on the belt is then
v B  (2.5 cos 30)i  [2.5 sin 30  32.2(0.319 92)] j

 (2.1651 ft/s)i  (9.0514 ft/s) j
Finally v B  v A  v B/ A
or v B/A  (2.1651i  9.0514 j)  4(cos 20i  sin 20 j)

 (1.59367 ft/s)i  (10.4195 ft/s) j
or v B/A  10.54 ft/s 81.3° 
impulse and momentum

mv1  kWt  0
mv1 mv1 v1
t  
kW k mg k g
(a) For k  0.75
25 m/s
t t  3.40 s 
(0.75)(9.81 m/s 2 )
(b) For k  0.10
25 m/s
t t  25.5 s 
(0.10)(9.81 m/s 2 )
mv1  Ft  0
(40, 000 tons)(2000 lb/tons)
(3.667 ft/s)  (35, 000 lb)t  0
32.2 ft/s 2
t  260.3 s t  4 min 20 s 
(a)  0
W v   Wt  0 t  v A   30 ft/s 
t  3.11 s 
 
g k  (32.2 ft/s )(0.30) 
A k 2
g
(b)   20
Impulse-momentum in x direction
W
v A  kWt cos 20  Wt sin 20  0
g
vA
t
g ( k cos 20  sin 20)
30 ft/s
 t  1.493 s  
(32.2 ft/s )(0.30 cos 20  sin 20)
2

mv 0  Fdt  mv (1)
t
 Fdt   [(8  6t )i  (4  t ) j  (4  t )k ]
2
Where
0
 1   1 
 (8t  3t 2 ) i   4t  t 3  j   4t  t 2  k
 3   2 
Substituting m  2 kg, v0  150i  100 j  250k into (1):
 1   1 
(2 kg)(150i  100 j  250k )  (8t  3t 2 )i   4t  t 3  j   4t  t 2  k  (2 kg) v
 3   2 
 3   1   1 
v  150  4t  t 2  i  100  2t  t 3  j   250  2t  t 2  k
 2   6   4 
(a) v is parallel to yz plane when vx  0, that is, when
3
150  4t  t 2  0 t  11.422 s t  11.42 s 
2
 1 
(b) v  100  2(11.422)  (11.422)3  j
 6 
 1 
  250  2(11.422)  (11.422)2  k
 4 
v  (125.5 m/s) j  (194.5 m/s)k 
v1  90 km/h  25 m/s
v2  30 km/h  8.33 m/s
N  mg
mv1   s Nt  mv2
m(25 m/s)  (0.65)m(9.81 m/s 2 )t  m(8.33 m/s)
25  8.33
t t  2.61 s 
(0.65)(9.81)
4
  tan 1  2.29
100
mv1   imp1 2  mv 2
mv1  Wt # N  Ft  mv2
v1  60 mi/h  88 ft/s N  W cos  W  mg

v2  20 mi/h  29.33 ft/s F   s N   sW cos 
( m )(88 ft/s)  ( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(t )(sin 2.29)  (0.60)( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(cos 2.29)(t )  ( m )(29.33 ft/s)
88.0  29.33
t t  3.26 s 
32.2[(0.60) cos 2.29  sin 2.29]
v  90 km/h  25 m/s
(a) The shortest time for the rig to come to a stop will be when the friction force on the wheels is maximum.
The downward force exerted by the trailer on the cab is assumed to be zero. Since the trailer brakes fail,
all of the braking force is supplied by the wheels of the cab, which is maximum when the wheels of the
cab are at impending sliding.
Ft1 2   s N C t1 2 N C  mC g  (2000) g

Ft1 2  (0.65)(2000) gt
[(mC  mT )v]2   Ft  [(mC  mT )v]1
0  (0.65)(2000 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )(t1 2 )  10, 000 kg(25 m/s)

t1 2  19.60 s 
(b) For the trailer:
[mT v]2  Qt1 2  [mT v]1
From (a), t1 2  19.60 s

0  Q(19.60 s)  (8000 kg)(25 m/s)
Q  10, 204 N
Q  10.20 kN (compression) 

(a) Blocks A and C
[(m A  mC )v]1  T (t1 2 )  (m A  mC ) gt1 2  [(m A  mC )v]2

0  (12 g  T )(0.8)  12v (1)
Block B
[mB v]1  (T )t1 2  mB gt1 2  (mB v) 2

 0  (T  4 g )(0.8)  4v (2)
 Adding (1) and (2), (eliminating)
(12 g  4 g )(0.8)  (12  4)
(8 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.8 s)
v v  3.92 m/s 
16 kg
(b) Collar A
 (m A v)1  0 0  ( FC  m A g ) (3)
 From Eq. (2) with v  3.92 m/s
4v
 T  4g
0.8
(4 kg)(3.92 m/s)
T  (4 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )
(0.8 s)
T  58.84 N
Solving for FC in (3)
(4 kg)(3.92 m/s)
FC   (4 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )  58.84 N
(0.8 s)
 FC  39.2 N 
Kinematics: Dependent motion

Cable length: L  x A  x A  xB  constant
dL
 2v A  v B  0
dt
Here velocities are defined as positive if downward.

v B  2 v A (1)
Let T be the tension in the cable.
Use the principle of impulse and momentum.
Collar A, components : 2Tt  m A gt   m A v A (2)
Block B, components : Tt  mB gt   mB vB (3)
Subtract twice Eq. (3) from Eq. (2) to eliminate Tt.
(2mB  mA ) gt  2mB vB  mA v A
2mB vB  mA v A
t
(2mB  mA ) g
Data: m A  20 kg mB  30 kg 2mB  m A  10 kg
v A  1.0 m/s, i.e., 1.0 m/s
From Eq. (1) vB  2.0 m/s
[(2)(15)(2.0)  (20)(1.0)]
t t  0.815 s 
(10)(9.81)
 
0  Pdt  Fdt  mv
1
v Pdt  Fdt 
  (1)
m 
At any time: 
(a) Block starts moving at t.
P  Fs   sW  (0.50)(125 lb)  62.5 lb
t1 8s t1 8s
 ;  t1  5.00 s 
Fs 100 lb 62.5 lb 100 lb
(b) Maximum velocity: At t  tm
where P  Fk  kW  0.4(125)  50 lb
Block moves at t  5 s.
Shaded area is maximum net impulse  Pdt   F dtR
when t  tm1 v  vm
1 shaded  1  1 1  1
Eq. (1): vm   area    (12.5  50)(3)  (50)(4)   (193.75)
m  m 2 2  m
1
vm  125 lb
[193.75]  49.91 ft/s v m  49.9 ft/s  
32.2
(c) Block stops moving when  Pdt  Fdt   0; or

   Qdt   Fdt
 
Assume tm  16 s.
1
 Pdt  2 (100)(16)  800 lb  s
1
 Fdt  2 (62.5)(5)  (50)(t m  5)
 Pdt   Fdt  800  [156.25  50(t m  5)]  0 tm  17.875 s
tm  16 s OK tm  17.88 s 
mv1  (P  W )t  mv 2 t  0.18 s

Vertical components
W
0  ( Pv  W )(0.18)  (12)(sin 50)
g
(12)(sin 50)
Pv  W  W
(9.81)(0.18)
Pv  6.21W 
W  185 lb
t  0.22 s
mv1  (P  W )t  mv 2
Horizontal components
W
(30)(cos 35)  PH (0.22)  0
g
(185 lb)(30 ft/s)(cos 35)
PH   641.7 lb PH  642 lb 
(32.2 ft/s 2 )(0.22 s)
Newton's 2nd Law - blocks

(a) Assume uniformly decelerated motion.

Then v  v0  at
At t  9 s: 0  v0  a (9)
v0
or a
9
Also v 2  v02  2a ( x  0)
At t  9 s: 0  v02  2a(30)
 v 
Substituting for a 0  v02  2   0  (30)  0
 9 
or v0  6.6667 m/s or v0  6.67 m/s 
6.6667
and a  0.74074 m/s 2
9
(b) We have
 Fy  0: N  W  0 or N  W  mg
Sliding: F  k N  k mg
Fx  ma : F  ma or  k mg  ma
a 0.74074 m/s 2
or k    or k  0.0755 
g 9.81 m/s 2
Kinematics: Uniformly accelerated motion. ( x0  0, v0  0)
1 2
x  x0  v0t  at ,
2
2 x (2)(5)
or a   0.100 m/s 2
t2 (10) 2
Fy  0: N  P sin 50  mg cos 20  0

N  P sin 50  mg cos 20
Fx  ma : P cos 50  mg sin 20   N  ma
or P cos 50  mg sin 20   ( P sin 50  mg cos 20)  ma
ma  mg (sin 20   cos 20)

P
cos 50   sin 50
For motion impending, set a  0 and    s  0.4
(20)(0)  (20)(9.81)(sin 20  0.4 cos 20)

P
cos 50  0.4 sin 50
 419 N 
For motion with a  0.100 m/s 2 , use   k  0.3.
(20)(0.100)  (20)(9.81)(sin 20  0.3 cos 20)

P P  301 N 
cos 50  0.3 sin 50
For any angle  .

Use x and y coordinates as shown.
ay  0
Fy  ma y : N  mg cos   0
N  mg cos 
Fx  max : mg sin   k N  max
ax  g (sin   k cos  )
At Point A.   30, ax  m/s 2

g sin 30  ax
k 
g cos 30
9.81 sin 30  3

9.81 cos 30
 0.22423
At Point B.   15, k  0.22423
ax  9.81(sin 15°  0.22423 cos 15°)
 0.414 m/s a  0.414 m/s 2 15 
Load: We assume that sliding of load relative to trailer is impending:

F  Fm
 s N
Deceleration of load is same as deceleration of trailer, which is the maximum allowable deceleration a max .
Fy  0: N  W  0 N  W
Fm   s N  0.40 W
Fx  ma : Fm  mamax
W
0.40 W  amax amax  12.88 ft/s 2
g
a max  12.88 ft/s 2

Uniformly accelerated motion.
v 2  v02  2ax with v  0 v0  45 mi/h  66 ft/s
a   amax  12.88 ft/s 2

0  (66) 2  2(12.88) x x  169.1 ft 
(a) Kinematics of the belt. vo  0
1. Acceleration phase with a1  2 m/s 2
v1  vo  a1t1  0  (2)(1.3)  2.6 m/s

1 2 1
x1  xo  vo t1  a1t1  0  0  (2)(1.3) 2  1.69 m
2 2
2. Deceleration phase: v2  0 since the belt stops.
v22  v12  2a2 ( x2  x1 )

v22  v12 0  (2.6) 2
a2    6.63 a 2  6.63 m/s 2 
2( x2  x1 ) 2(2.2  1.69)
v2  v1 0  2.6
t2  t1    0.3923 s
a2 6.63
(b) Motion of the package
1. Acceleration phase. Assume no slip. (a p )1  2 m/s 2
Fy  0: N  W  0 or N  W  mg
Fx  ma : F f  m(a p )1
The required friction force is Ff.

The available friction force is  s N  0.35W  0.35mg
Ff s N
 (a p )1 ,   s g  (0.35)(9.81)  3.43 m/s 2
m m
Since 2.0 m/s 2 , 3.43 m/s 2, the package does not slip.
(v p )1  v1  2.6 m/s and (x p )1  1.69 m.
2. Deceleration phase. Assume no slip. (a p )2  11.52 m/s 2
Fx  ma :  F f  m(a p ) 2
Ff
 (a p ) 2  6.63 m/s 2
m
s N  s mg
   s g  3.43 m/s 2 , 6.63 m/s 2
m m
Since the available friction force  s N is less than the required friction force Ff for no slip, the
package does slip.
(a p )2 , 6.63 m/s 2 , F f  k N
Fx  m(a p ) 2 :  k N  m(a p ) 2
k N
(a p )2     k g
m
 (0.25)(9.81)
 2.4525 m/s 2
(v p ) 2  (v p )1  (a p ) 2 (t2  t1 )
 2.6  (2.4525)(0.3923)
 1.638 m/s 2
1
( x p ) 2  ( x p )1  (v p )1 (t2  t1 ) 2  (a p ) 2 (t2  t1 ) 2
2
1
 1.69  (2.6)(0.3923)  (2.4525)(0.3923) 2
2
 2.521 m
Position of package relative to the belt
( x p ) 2  x2  2.521  2.2  0.321
x p/belt  0.321 m 
Acceleration a1: Impending slip. F1   s N1  0.30 N1
Fy  mA a y : N1  WA  m A a1 sin 65
N1  WA  mA a1 sin 65
 mA ( g  a1 sin 65)
Fx  m A ax : F1  m A a1 cos 65
F1   s N
or m A a1 cos 65  0.30m A ( g  a1 sin 65)
0.30 g
a1 
cos 65  0.30 sin 65
 (1.990)(9.81)
 19.53 m/s 2 a1  19.53 m/s 2 65 
Deceleration a 2 : Impending slip. F2   s N 2  0.30 N 2
Fy  ma y : N1  WA   mA a2 sin 65
N1  WA  m A a2 sin 65
Fx  max : F2  m A a2 cos 65
F2   s N 2
or m A a2 cos 65  0.30 m A ( g  a2 cos 65)
0.30 g
a2 
cos 65  0.30 sin 65
 (0.432)(9.81)
 4.24 m/s 2 a 2  4.24 m/s 2 65 


Let a P be the acceleration of the plywood, aT be the acceleration of the truck, and a P / T be the acceleration
of the plywood relative to the truck.
(a) Find the value of aT so that the relative motion of the plywood with respect to the truck is impending.
aP  aT and F1   s N1  0.40 N1
Fy  mP a y : N1  WP cos 20   mP aT sin 20
N1  mP ( g cos 20  aT sin 20)
Fx  max : F1  WP sin 20  mP aT cos 20

F1  mP ( g sin 20  aT cos 20)
mP ( g sin 20  aT cos 20)  0.40 mP ( g cos 20  aT sin 20)
(0.40 cos 20  sin 20)

aT  g
cos 20  0.40sin 20
 (0.03145)(9.81)
 0.309
aT  0.309 m/s 2 
1 1
(b) xP / T  ( xP / T )o  (vP / T )t  aP / T t 2  0  0  aP / T t 2
2 2
2 xP / T (2)(2)
aP / T  2
 2
 4.94 m/s 2
t (0.9)
a P / T  4.94 m/s 2 20
a P  aT  a P / T  (aT )  (4.94 m/s 2 20)
Fy  mP a y : N 2  WP cos 20   mP aT sin 20

N 2  mP ( g cos 20  aT sin 20)
Fx  max : F2  WP sin 20  mP aT cos 20  mP aP / T
F2  mP ( g sin 20  aT cos 20  aP / T )
For sliding with friction F2  k N 2  0.30 N 2
mP ( g sin 20  aT cos 20  aP / T )  0.30mP ( g cos 20  aT sin 20)

(0.30 cos 20  sin 20) g  aP / T
aT 
cos 20  0.30sin 20
 (0.05767)(9.81)  (0.9594)(4.94)
 4.17 aT  4.17 m/s 2 
A:
(a) Fx  m A a A : WA sin 30  N AB cos 40  m A a A

 1 
22  a A  g 
 
2 
or NAB
cos 40
Now we note: a B  a A  a B/A , where a B/A is directed along the top surface of A.
B:
Fy  mB a y : NAB  WB cos 20   mB a A sin 50
or NAB  10 ( g cos 20  a A sin 50)
Equating the two expressions for NAB
 1 
22  a A  g 
 2 
 10( g cos 20  a A sin 50)
cos 40
(9.81)(1.1  cos 20 cos 40)
or aA   6.4061 m/s 2
2.2  cos 40 sin 50
Fx  mB ax : WB sin 20  mB aB/A  mB a A cos 50
or aB/A  g sin 20  a A cos 50

 (9.81sin 20  6.4061cos 50) m/s 2
 7.4730 m/s 2
Finally a B  a A  a B/ A
We have aB2  6.40612  7.47302  2(6.4061  7.4730) cos 50
or aB  5.9447 m/s 2
7.4730 5.9447
and 
sin  sin 50
or   74.4
a B  5.94 m/s 2 75.6 
(b) Note: We have uniformly accelerated motion, so that
v  0  at
Now v B/A  v B  v A  a B t  a At  a B/At
At t  0.5 s: vB/A  7.4730 m/s 2  0.5 s
or v B/A  3.74 m/s 20 

cables - newton's 2nd law

From the diagram

x A  3 yB  constant
Then v A  3vB  0
and a A  3aB  0
or a A  3aB (1)
(a) A: Fx  m A a A : T  m A aB
Using Eq. (1) T  3m A aB
B: Fy  mB aB : WB  3T  mB aB
 Substituting for T
A:
mB g  3(3m A aB )  mB aB
g 9.81 m/s 2
or aB    0.83136 m/s 2
mA 30 kg
  1 9 1 9
mB 25 kg
B:
Then a A  2.49 m/s 2 
and a B  0.831 m/s 2 
(b) We have T  3  30 kg  0.83136 m/s 2

 
or T  74.8 N 
From the diagram

x A  3 yB  constant
Then v A  3vB  0
and a A  3aB  0
or a A  3aB (1)
First determine if the blocks will move with a A  aB  0. We have
1
A: Fy  0: WB  3T  0 or T  mB g
3
B: Fx  0: FA  T  0
A: 1
Then FA   25 kg  9.81 m/s 2  81.75 N
3
Fy  0: WA  N A  0 or N A  mA g
Also, ( FA ) max  (  s ) A N A  (  s ) A mA g
B:
 0.25  30 kg  9.81 m/s 2
 73.575 N
FA . ( FA ) max , which implies that the blocks will move.


(a) A: Fy  0: WA  N A  0 or N A  mA g
Sliding: FA  ( k ) A N A  0.20 m A g
Fx  m A a A : FA  T  m A a A
Using Eq. (1) T  0.20 m A g  3m A aB
B: Fy  mB aB : WB  3T  mB aB
or mB g  3(0.20 m A g  3m A aB )  mB aB
Referring to solution of Problem 11.51 we note that

1
aB   a A (1)
2
where minus sign indicates that a A and a B have opposite sense.
Block B.
F  ma : 25  2T  7.5a A (2)
Block A.
F  ma : 2T  T  10a A
T  10a A (3)
(a) Substituting for T from (3) into (2):
25  2(10 a A )  7.5a A
25  27.5a A a A  0.909 m/s 2 
v A  (v A )0  a At  0  0.909(1.2), v A  1.091 m/s  
(b) Substituting a  0.909 into Eq. (1): a B  0.455 m/s 2 
vB  (vB )0  aB t  0  0.455(1.2) v B  0.545 m/s  

Let y be positive downward for both blocks.

Constraint of cable: y A  yB  constant
a A  aB  0 or aB   a A
For blocks A and B, F  ma :
WA WA
Block A: WA  T  aA or T  WA  aA
g g
WB W
Block B: P  WB  T  aB   B a A
g g
WA W
P  WB  WA  aA   B aA
g g
WA  WB  P
Solving for aA, aA  g (1)
WA  WB
v A2  (v A )02  2a A [ y A  ( y A )0 ] with (v A )0  0
v A  2a A [ y A  ( y A )0 ] (2)
v A  (v A ) 0  a A t with (v A )0  0
vA
t (3)
aA
(a) Acceleration of block A.

System (1): WA  200 lb, WB  100 lb, P  0
200  100
By formula (1), (a A )1  (32.2) (a A )1  10.73 ft/s 2 
200  100
System (2): WA  200 lb, WB  0, P  50 lb
200  100
By formula (1), (a A )2  (32.2) (a A ) 2  16.10 ft/s 2 
200
System (3): WA  2200 lb, WB  2100 lb, P  0
2200  2100
By formula (1), ( a A )3  (32.2) (a A )3  0.749 ft/s 2 
2200  2100
(b) v A at y A  ( y A )0  10 ft. Use formula (2).
System (1): (v A )1  (2)(10.73)(10) (v A )1  14.65 ft/s 
System (2): (v A ) 2  (2)(16.10)(10)  v A 2  17.94 ft/s 
System (3): (v A )3  (2)(0.749)(10) (v A )3  3.87 ft/s 
(c) Time at v A  20 ft/s. Use formula (3).
20
System (1): t1  t1  1.864 s 
10.73
20
System (2): t2  t2  1.242 s 
16.10
20
System (3): t3  t3  26.7 s 
0.749
We first check that static equilibrium is not maintained:
( FA ) m  ( FC )m   s (mA  mC ) g
 0.24(5  10) g
 3.6 g
Since WB  mB g  10g . 3.6g, equilibrium is not maintained.
Block A: Fy : N A  mA g
FA  k N A  0.2m A g
F  m A a A : T  0.2m A g  m A a A (1)
Block C: Fy : N C  mC g
FC  k N C  0.2mC g
Fx  mC aC : T  0.2mC g  mC aC (2)
Block B: Fy  mB aB
mB g  2T  mB aB (3)
1
From kinematics: aB  (a A  aC ) (4)
2
(a) Tension in cord. Given data: m A  5 kg
mB  mC  10 kg
Eq. (1): T  0.2(5) g  5a A a A  0.2T  0.2 g (5)
Eq. (2): T  0.2(10) g  10aC aC  0.1T  0.2 g (6)
Eq. (3): 10 g  2T  10aB aB  g  0.2T (7)

Substitute into (4):
1
g  0.2T  (0.2T  0.2 g  0.1T  0.2 g )
2
24 24
1.2 g  0.35T T g (9.81 m/s 2 ) T  33.6 N 
7 7
(b) Substitute for T into (5), (7), and (6):
 24 
a A  0.2  g   0.2 g  0.4857(9.81 m/s 2 ) a A  4.76 m/s 2  
 7 
 24 
aB  g  0.2  g   0.3143(9.81 m/s 2 ) a B  3.08 m/s 2  
 7 
 24 
aC  0.1 g   0.2 g  0.14286(9.81 m/s 2 ) aC  1.401 m/s 2  
 7 
Note: As shown, the system is in equilibrium.

From the diagram:
Cord 1: 2 y A  2 yB  yC  constant
Then 2v A  2vB  vC  0
and 2a A  2aB  aC  0 (1)
Cord 2: ( yD  y A )  ( yD  yB )  constant
Then 2v D  v A  v B  0
and 2aD  a A  aB  0 (2)
A: WA
(a) Fy  mA a A : WA  2T1  T2  aA
g
20
or 20  2T1  T2  aA (3)
g
WB
B: Fy  mB aB : WB  2T1  T2  aB
g
20
or 20  2T1  T2  aB (4)
g
Note: Eqs. (3) and (4)  a A  a B
Then Eq. (1)  aC  4a A
Eq. (2)  aD  a A
WC
Fy  mC aC : WC  T1  aC
g
 a 
or T1  14 1  C 
 g 
C:
 4a 
 14 1  A  (5)
 g 
WD
Fy  mD aD : WD  2T2  ( FD )ext  aD
g
D:
1   aD  
or T2  16 1    24 
2  g  
aA
 20  8
g
Substituting for T1 [Eq. (5)] and T2 [Eq. (6)] in Eq. (3)
 4a   a  20
20  2  14 1  A    20  8 A   aA
 g   g  g
3 3
or aA  g  32.2 ft/s 2  2.76 ft/s 2
35 35
a A  a B  a D  2.76 ft/s 2 
and aC  4(2.76 ft/s 2 ) or aC  11.04 ft/s 2  

(b) Substituting into Eq. (5)
 4  2.76 
T1  14 1  or T1  18.80 lb 
 32.2 
Note: As shown, the system is in equilibrium.

From the diagram:
Cord 1: 2 y A  2 yB  yC  constant
Then 2v A  2vB  vC  0
and 2a A  2aB  aC  0 (1)
Cord 2: ( yD  y A )  ( yD  yB )  constant
Then 2v D  v A  v B  0
and 2aD  a A  aB  0 (2)
We determine the accelerations of blocks A, C, and D, using the
blocks as free bodies.
WA
Fy  mA a A : WA  2T1  T2  aA
g
20
or 20  2T1  T2  aA (3)
A: g
WB
Fy  mB aB : WB  2T1  T2  ( FB )ext  aB
g
20
or 20  2T1  T2  10  aB (4)
g
B:
20
Forming (3)  (4)  10  ( a A  aB )
g
1
or aB  a A  g
2
 1 
Then Eq. (1): 2a A  2  a A  g   aC  0
 2 
or aC  4a A  g
 1 
Eq. (2): 2aD  a A   a A  g   0
 2 
1
or aD  a A  g
4
WC
Fy  mC aC : WC  T1  aC
g
C:  a   1   aA 
or T1  14 1  C   14 1  (4a A  g )   28 1  2  (5)
 g   g   g 
W
Fy  mD aD : WD  2T2  D aD
g
D: PROBLEM 12.31 (Continued)
1  a   1 1  3 a 
or T2   16 1  D   8 1   a A  g    8   A  (6)
2  g   g 4  4 g 
Substituting for T1 [Eq. (5)] and T2 [Eq. (6)] in Eq. (3)
  a   3 a  20
20  2  28 1  2 A    8   A   aA
  g  4 g  g
3 3
or a A   g   (32.2 ft/s 2 )  6.90 ft/s 2
14 14
Then aC  4(6.90 ft/s 2 )  32.2 ft/s 2  4.60 ft/s 2

1
aD  6.90 ft/s 2  (32.2 ft/s 2 )  1.15 ft/s 2
4
Note: We have uniformly accelerated motion, so that
v  0  at
(a) We have v D/ A  v D  v A
or v D/A  aD t  a A t  [1.15  (6.90)] ft/s 2  3 s
or v D/A  24.2 ft/s  
(b) And v C/D  v C  v D
or v C/D  aC t  aD t  (4.60  1.15) ft/s 2  3 s
or v C/D  17.25 ft/s  

(a) First we note a B  a A  a B/A , where a B/A is directed along the inclined surface of A.
B: Fx  mB ax : P  WB sin 25  mB a A cos 25  mB aB/A B:
or 225  15 g sin 25  15( a A cos 25  aB/A )
or 15  g sin 25  a A cos 25  aB/A (1)
Fy  mB a y : N AB  WB cos 25   mB a A sin 25
or N AB  15( g cos 25  a A sin 25)
A: Fx  m A a A : P  P cos 25  N AB sin 25  m A a A A:

or N AB  [25a A  225(1  cos 25)]/ sin 25
Equating the two expressions for N AB
25a A  225(1  cos 25)

15( g cos 25  a A sin 25) 
sin 25
3(9.81) cos 25 sin 25  45(1  cos 25)

or aA 
5  3sin 2 25
 2.7979 m/s 2
a A  2.80 m/s 2  
(b) From Eq. (1)
aB/A  15  (9.81)sin 25  2.7979 cos 25
or a B/A  8.32 m/s 2 25 

(a) Panel: F  Force exerted by counterweight
40
Fx  ma : T F  a (1)
g
Counterweight A: Its acceleration has two components
a A  a P  a A/P  a   a 
25
Fx  max : F  a (2)
g
25
Fg  mag : 25  T  a (3)
g
Adding (1), (2), and (3):
40  25  25
T  F  F  25  T  a
g
25 25
a g (32.2) a  8.94 ft/s 2  
90 90
Substituting for a into (3):
25  25  625
25  T  T  25  T  18.06 lb 
g  90 
g
90
(b) Panel:
40
Fy  ma : T a (1)
g
Counterweight A:
25
Fy  ma : 25  T  a (2)
g
40  25
Adding (1) and (2): T  25  T  a
g
25
a g a  12.38 ft/s 2  
65
 Substituting for a into (1):
40  25  1000
T g  T  15.38 lb 
g  65  65
(c) Since panel is accelerated to the left, there is no force exerted by panel on counterweight and vice
versa.
Panel:
40
Fx  ma : T a (1)
g
Counterweight A: Same free body as in Part (b):
25
Fy  ma : 25  T  a (2)
g
Since Eqs. (1) and (2) are the same as in (b), we get the same answers:
a  12.38 ft/s 2 ; T  15.38 lb 

wheels

(a) For maximum acceleration

FF  Fmax   s N F  0.8(0.62 W )
 0.496 W  0.496 mg
Now Fx  ma: FF  ma
or 0.496 mg  ma
Then a  0.496(9.81 m/s 2 )  4.86576 m/s 2

Since a is constant, we have
v 2  0  2a( x  0)
When x  400 m: vmax

2
 2(4.86576 m/s 2 )(400 m)
or vmax  62.391 m/s
or vmax  225 km/h 

(b) For maximum acceleration
FR  Fmax   s N R  0.8(0.43 W )
 0.344 W  0.344 mg
Now Fx  ma: FR  ma
or 0.344 mg  ma
Then a  0.344(9.81 m/s 2 )  3.37464 m/s 2

Since a is constant, we have
v 2  0  2a( x  0)
When x  400 m: vmax

2
 2(3.37464 m/s 2 )(400 m)
or vmax  51.959 m/s
or vmax  187.1 km/h 

First consider when the bus is on the level section of the highway.
alevel  3 ft/s 2
W
We have Fx  ma: P  alevel
g
Now consider when the bus is on the upgrade.
W
We have Fx  ma: P  W sin 7  a
g
W W
Substituting for P alevel  W sin 7  a
g g
or a  alevel  g sin 7
 (3  32.2 sin 7) ft/s 2
 0.92419 ft/s 2
For the uniformly decelerated motion
v 2  (v0 )upgrade
2
 2a( xupgrade  0)
 5 
Noting that 60 mi/h  88 ft/s, then when v  50 mi/h   v0  , we have
 6 
2
5 
 6  88 ft/s   (88 ft/s)  2(0.92419 ft/s ) xupgrade
2 2
 
or xupgrade  1280.16 ft
or xupgrade  0.242 mi 
Assume uniformly decelerated motion in all cases.

For braking on the level surface,
v0  60 mph  88 ft/s, v f  0
x f  x0  150 ft
v 2f  v02  2a ( x f  x0 )
v 2f  v02
a
2( x f  x0 )
0  (88) 2

(2)(150)
 25.813 ft/s 2
Braking force.
Fb  ma
W
 a
g
25.813
 W
32.2
 0.80166W
(a) Going up a 5° incline.
F  ma
W
 Fb  W sin 5  a
g
F  W sin 5
a b g
W
 (0.80166  sin 5)(32.2)
 28.62 ft/s 2
v 2f  v02
x f  x0 
2a
0  (88) 2
 x f  x0  135.3 ft 
(2)(28.62)
(b) Going down a 3 percent incline.

3
tan     1.71835
100
W
 Fb  W sin   a
g
a  (0.80166  sin  )(32.2)
 24.848 ft/s
0  (88) 2
 x f  x0   x f  x0  155.8 ft 
(2)(24.848)
Wtotal
(a) Fx  ma:  ( Fbr ) trac  ( Fbr ) trl  a
g
32.2 ft/s 2
or a (3600  13, 700) lb
(15, 000  17, 400) lb
 17.1932 ft/s 2
For uniformly decelerated motion
v 2  v02  2a ( x  x0 ) v0  60 mi/h  88 ft/s
When v  0: 0  (88 ft/s) 2  2(17.1932 ft/s 2 )(x)

or x  225 ft 
Wtrl
(b) Fx  mtrl a :  ( Fbr ) trl  Phitch  a
g
17, 400 lb
Then Phitch  13, 700 lb   (17.1932 ft/s 2 )
32.2 ft/s 2
or Phitch  44.10 lb (tension) 

work & energy - cables

(a) Kinematics: xB  2 x A
v B  2v A
A and B. Assume B moves down.
v1  0
T1  0
1 1
T2  mA v A2  mB vB2
2 2
1  v2 
 (2 kg)  B  vB2 
2  4 
5 2
T2  vB
4
U1 2   mA g (cos 30)( x A )  mB g (cos 30) xB
xB  2 m
xA  1 m
 3
U1 2  (2)(9.81)  [1  2]
 2 
 
U1 2  16.99 J
Since work is positive, block B does move down.
T1  U1 2  T2
5 2
0  16.99  vB
4
vB2  13.59
vB  3.69 m/s 60° 
(b) B alone.
v1  0
T1  0
v2  3.69 m/s, (from a( ))
1 1
T2  mB v22  (2)(3.69)2  13.59 J
2 2
U1 2  (mB g )(cos 30)( xB )  (T )( xB )
  3 
U1 2  (2 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )   (T )  (2 m)
 2 
   
U1 2  33.98  2T
T1  U1 2  T2 0  33.98  2T  13.59

T  10.19 N 
2T  33.98  13.59  20.39
Check at  to see if blocks move. With motion impending at B downward, determine required friction force
at A for equilibrium.
Block B:
  F  N B  (mB g )(sin 30)  0
1
N B  (2 g )    g
2
  F  T  (mB g )(cos 30)  ( FB ) f  0
( FB ) f   s N B  (0.30)( g )
T  (2 g )  
3/2  (0.30) g
T   3  0.30  ( g ) 
Block A:
  F  N A  (mA g )(sin 30)  0
1
N A  (2 g )    g
2
  F  2T  (mA g )(cos 30)  ( FA ) f  0
( FA ) f  2T  (2 g )  3/2  
Substituting T from  into 
( FA ) f  (2)  3  0.30  ( g )  3 g
Requirement for equilibrium ( FA ) f   3  0.60  g  1.132 g
Maximum friction that can be developed at A   s N A  0.3g

Since 0.3g , 1.132 g , blocks move.
(a) A and B.
( FA ) f  k N B  (0.20) g
( FA ) f  k N A  (0.20) g
Kinematics: xB  2 x A
v B  2v A
v1  0
T1  0
1 1 1  v2 
T2  mA v A2  mB vB2    (2 kg)  B  vB2 
2 2 2  4 
5 2
T2  vB
4
U1 2   mA g (cos 30)( x A )  mB g (cos 30) xB
 ( FA ) f ( x A )  ( FB )f ( xB )
xB  2 m, x A  1 m
   
U1 2  [(2 kg)  3  (1 m)  (2 kg)  3  (2 m)
 2   2 
 (0.20)(1 m)  (0.20)(2 m)][9.81 m/s2 ]
U1 2  [(1.732)  (0.6)][9.81]  11.105 J
T1  U1 2  T2
0  11.105  1.25vB2
vB2  8.88
vB  2.98 m/s 60 
(b) B alone.
v1  0 T1  0
v2  2.98 m/s (from a( ))
1 1
T2  mB vB2    (2)(2.98) 2
2 2
T2  8.88 J
N B  mB g sin 30  9 N
U1 2  mB g (cos 30)(2)  (T )(2)  ( FB ) f (2)
 3
U1 2  (2 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )  (2 m)  2T  (0.2)(9 N)(2 m)
 2 
 
U1 2  2 3 g  2T  0.6 g
T1  U1 2  T2 0  2 3 g  2T  0.4 g  8.88
2T  (2 3  0.4)( g )  8.88  21.179 T  10.59 N 
Kinematics: v A  2v B
mA  3 kg WA  m A g  (3 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 )
WA  29.43 N
(a) 150–N force acts through entire 0.6 m motion of B.
U1 2  (150 N)(0.6 m)  (29.43 N)(1.2 m)  54.68 J
1 1
T1  0 T2  mA (v A )22  mB (vB )22
2 2
1 1
 (3 kg)  2(vB ) 22   (8 kg)(vB ) 22  10(vB ) 22
2 2
T1  U1 2  T2 : 0  54.68  10(vB ) 22
(vB ) 2  2.338 m/s vB  2.34 m/s 
(b) Initial and final velocities are zero.
T1  0 T2  0
Remove 150-N force after B moves distance d.
U1 2  (150 N)d  (29.43 N)(1.2 m)
 150d  35.316 J
T1  U1 2  T2 : 0 150d  31.316 0 d  0.2354 m
d  235 mm 
Energy dissipated.
(a) v1  0 T1  0
v2  v A  3 m / s  vB
1
T2  (mA  mB ) v22
2
 16 
T2   kg  (3 m/s)2  72 J
 2 
U1 2  mA g (2)  mB g (2)  E p
U1 2  (6 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 (2 m)  E p
U1 2  117.72  E p
T1  U1 2  T2
0  117.72  E p  72
E p  117.72  72 E p  45.7 J 
(b) Block A:
1  11 
T1  0 T2  mA v22   kg (3 m/s)2  49.5 J
2 2 
U1 2  (mA g  TA )(2)  [(11 kg)(9.81 m/s2 ) TA ][2 m]
U1 2  215.82  2TA
T1  U1 2  T2 0  215.82  2TA  49.5 TA  83.2 N 
Block B:
1 5 
T1  0 T2  mB v22   kg  (3 m/s) 2  22.5 J
2 2 
U1 2   mB g (2)  TB (2)  (5 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )(2 m)  2TB
T1  U1 2  T2 U1 2  98.1  2TB
0  98.1  2TB  22.5 TB  60.3 N 
Kinematics:
xB  2 x A
v B  2v A
(a) Blocks A and B.

T1  0
1 1
T2  mB vB2  mA v A2
2 2
1
T2  (20 lb/32.2 ft /s2 )(2v A )2
2
1
 2
(40 lb/32.2 ft/s v)(A 2 )
2
 60 
T2    (v A )
2
 32.2 
U1 2  (100)( x A )  (WA )( x A )  (WB )( xB )
U1 2  (100 lb)(2 ft)  (40 lb)(2 ft)  (20 lb)(4 ft)
U1 2  200  80  80  200 lb  ft
 60  2
T1  U1 2  T2 0  200    vA
 32.2 
v A2  107.33 vA  10.36 ft/s  
(b) Since the 20-lb weight at B is replaced by a 20-lb force, the kinetic energy at  is
1 1  40 
T2  m A v A2    v A2
2 2 g 
T1  0
The work done is the same as in Part (a).
U1 2  200 lb  ft
T1  U1 2  T2
 20 
0  200    v A2
 g 
v A2  322 vA  17.94 ft/s  
Position  to Position .
v1  0 T1  0
At  before C is removed from the system

1
T2  (mA  mB  mC )v22
2
1
T2  (12 kg)v22  6v22
2
U1 2  (mA  mC  mB ) g (0.9 m)
U1 2  (4  3  5)( g )(0.9 m)
 (2 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.9 m)
U1 2  17.658 J
T1  U1 2  T2
0  17.658  6v22
v22  2.943
At Position , collar C is removed from the system.

Position  to Position .
1 9 
T2  (mA  mB )v22   kg  (2.943)
2 2 
T2  13.244 J
1 9
T3  (mA  mB )(v3 ) 2  v32
2 2
U 23  (mA  mB )( g )(0.7 m)

 (1 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )(0.7 m)
U 23  6.867 J
T2  U 2 3  T3
13.244  6.867  4.5v32
v32  1.417
v A  v3  1.190 m/s
v A  1.190 m/s 
(a) At the initial Position , the force in the spring equals the weight of both blocks, i.e., 5g N, thus
at a distance x, the force in the spring is
Fs  5 g  k x
Fs  5 g  40 x
Maximum velocity of the 2 kg block occurs while the spring is still in contact with the block.
1 2 1
T1  0 T2  mv    (2 kg)(v 2 )  v 2
2 2
x
U1 2   0
(5 g  40 x)dx  2 gx  3gx  20 x 2
T1  U1 2  T2 0  3gk  20 x 2  v 2 (1)
dv
Maximum v when 0
dx
 3g  40 x
3g
x (maxv ) m
40
Substituting in (1) x 2 (max v)  0.7358 m

2
vmax  (3)(9.81)(0.7358)  (20)(0.7358)2
 21.65  10.83
 10.82
vmax  3.29 m/s 
(b) x0  initial compression of the spring

(2 g  3g ) g
x0   m
40 8
Fs  5 g  40 x
T1  0 T3  0
g /8
U13   0
(5 g  40 x)dx  2 gh
5 g 2 20 g 2
U13    2 gh
8 64
20 g 2
T1  U13  T3 0  2 gh  0
64
10 g (10)(9.81)
h 
64 64
h  1.533 m 
work & energy

(a) Up the plane, from A to C, vC  0.
1 2
TA  mv A , TC  0
2
U AC  (W sin15  F )(10 m)
F  0: N  W cos1 5  0
N  W cos1 5
F  k N  0.12W cos1 5
U AC  W (sin15  0.12 cos15)(10 m)
1W 2
TA  U AC  TC v A  W (sin15  0.12 cos15)(10 m)
2 g
v A2  (2)(9.81)(sin15  0.12 cos15)(10 m)
v A2  73.5
vA  8.57 m/s 15 

(b) Down the plane from C to A.
1 2
TC  0 TA  mv A U CA  (W sin15  F )10
2
( F reverses direction.)
1 2
TC  U CA  TA 0  W (sin15  0.12 cos15)(10 m)  mv A
2
v A2  (2)(9.81)(sin15  0.12 cos15)(10 m)
v A2  28.039
vA  5.30 m/s 15° 

(a) Up the plane from A to B.

1 2 1W W
TA  mv A  (8 m/s) 2  32 TB  0
2 2 g g
U AB  (W sin15  F )d F  k N  0.12 N
  F  0 N  W cos15  0 N  W cos15
U AB  W (sin15  0.12 cos15)d  Wd (0.3747)

W
TA  U AB  TB 32  Wd (0.3743)  0
g
32
d d  8.70 m 
(9.81)(0.3747)
(b) Down the plane from B to A (F reverses direction).
1W 2
TA  v A TB  0 d  8.72 m/s
2 g
U BA  (W sin15  F )d
 W (sin15  0.12 cos15)(8.70 m/s)
U BA  1.245W
1W 2
TB  U BA  TA 0  1.245W  vA
2 g
v A2  (2)(9.81)(1.245)
 253.9
v A  4.94 m/s vA  4.94 m/s 15 
1 2
TA  mv0
2
1 1
TB  mvB2  m(8 ft/s) 2
2 2
TB  32m
U A B  (W sin15  k N )(20 ft)
  F  0 N  W cos15  0
N  W cos15
U A B  W (sin15  0.40 cos15)(20 ft)

U A B  (2.551)(W )  2.551mg
TA  U A B  TB
1 2
mv0  2.551 mg  32m
2
v02  (2)(32  (2.551)(32.2 ft/s 2 ))
v02  228.29 v 0  15.11 ft/s 15 
1 2
TA  mv0 TB  0
2
U A B  (W sin15  k N )(20 ft)
  F  0 N  cos15  0
N  W cos15
U A B  W (sin15  0.40 cos15)(20 ft)

U A B  (2.551)(W )  2.551mg
TA  U A B  TB
1 2
mv0  2.551mg  0
2
v02  (2)(2.551)(32.2 ft/s 2 )

v02  164.28 v 0  12.82 ft/s 15° 
On incline AB: N AB  mg cos 30

FAB  k N AB  0.25 mg cos 30

U A B  mg d sin 30  FAB d
 mg d (sin 30  k cos 30
 )
On level surface BC: N BC  mg xBC  7 m

FBC  k mg
U B C   k mg xBC
1 2
At A, TA  mv A and v A  1 m/s
2
1 2
At C, TC  mvC and vC  2 m/s
2
Assume that no energy is lost at the corner B.
Work and energy. TA  U A B  U B C  TC
1 2 1
mv A  mg d (sin 30  k cos 30)  k mg xBC  mv02
2 2
Dividing by m and solving for d,
vC2 /2 g  k xBC  v A2 /2 g 
d 
(sin 30  k cos 30)
(2) 2/(2)(9.81)  (0.25)(7)  (1) 2/(2)(9.81)

sin 30  0.25cos 30
d  6.71 m 
(a) On incline AB: NAB  mg cos 30

FAB  k N AB  0.25 mg cos 30

UA B  mg d sin 30  FAB d
 mg d (sin 30  k cos 30 )
On level surface BC: N BC  mg xBC  7 m

FBC  k mg
U B C   k mg xBC
1 2
At A, TA  mv A and v A  1 m/s
2
1 2
At C, TC  mvC and vC  2 m/s
2
Assume that no energy is lost at the corner B.
Work and energy. TA  U A B  U B C  TC
1 2 1
mv A  mg d (sin 30  k cos 30)  k mg xBC  mv02
2 2
Solving for vC2 ,
vC2  v A2  2 gd (sin 30  k cos 30)  2 k g xBC

 (1)2  (2)(9.81)(7.5)(sin 30  0.25cos 30)  (2)(0.25)(9.81)(7)
 8.3811 m 2/s 2 vC  2.90 m/s 
(b) Box on belt: Let xbelt be the distance moved by a package as it slides on the belt.
 Fy  ma y N  mg  0 N  mg
Fx  k N  k mg
At the end of sliding, v  vbelt  2 m/s
Principle of work and energy.

1 2 1 2
mvC  k mg xbelt  mvbelt
2 2
v 2  vbelt
2
xbelt  C
2 k g
8.3811  (2) 2
 xbelt  0.893 m 
(2)(0.25)(9.81)

work & energy - springs

(a) Find initial position x0 of the block at 

1 .
k  12 lb/m  144 lb/ft

At 
1 , Fs  20 lb Fs  k x0 20 lb (144 lb/ft)x0
x0  20/144  0.1389 ft
1 W  2  1   10 lb  2
T1  0, T2    v2      v2
 2   32.2 ft/s
2
2 g  
T2  0.1553
v22
0
U1 2   x0
 Fs dx  ( F f ) k ( x0 ); Fs  k x  144x (F f )k  k N
0
 144 x 2 
U1 2    ( F f ) k ( x0 ) ( F f ) k  (0.4)(10)  4 lb
 2  x0
U1 2  (72 lb/ft)(0.1389 ft) 2  (4 lb)(0.1389 ft)
U1 2  1.389  0.5556  0.8335 lb  ft
T1  U1 2  T2 0 0.8335 0.1553v22

v22  5.367
v2  2.32 ft/s
At original position, v  2.32 ft/s 

(b) For any position 
2 at a distance x to the right of the orignal position 
2 .
1 W 
T1  0 T2    (v2 )  0.1553v2
2 2
2 g 
x x
U1 2'   x0
 Fs dx   k0
( F f )k dx x0  0.1389
x
 144 x 2 
U1 2'    ( F f ) k ( x  x0 ) ( F f ) k  4 lb
 2 x 0
T1  U1 2'  T2 0  (72 lb/ft)[(0.1389) 2  x 2 ]

 (4 lb)( x  0.1389)  0.1553v2'2
dv2'
0
Max v, when dx
144 x  4  0
Max v, when x  0.027778 m
2
0.1553vmax  (72)[(0.1389) 2  (0.02778)2 ]  (4)(0.02778  0.1389)
2
0.1553vmax  1.3336  0.4445  0.8891
2
vmax  5.725 vmax  2.39 ft/s 
(a) At the initial Position , the force in the spring equals the weight of both blocks, i.e., 5g N, thus
at a distance x, the force in the spring is
Fs  5 g  k x
Fs  5 g  40 x
Maximum velocity of the 2 kg block occurs while the spring is still in contact with the block.
1 2 1
T1  0 T2  mv    (2 kg)(v 2 )  v 2
2 2
x
U1 2   0
(5 g  40 x)dx  2 gx  3gx  20 x 2
T1  U1 2  T2 0  3gk  20 x 2  v 2 (1)
dv
Maximum v when 0
dx
 3g  40 x
3g
x (maxv ) m
40
Substituting in (1) x 2 (max v)  0.7358 m

2
vmax  (3)(9.81)(0.7358)  (20)(0.7358)2
 21.65  10.83
 10.82
vmax  3.29 m/s 
(b) x0  initial compression of the spring

(2 g  3g ) g
x0   m
40 8
Fs  5 g  40 x
T1  0 T3  0
g /8
U13   0
(5 g  40 x)dx  2 gh
5 g 2 20 g 2
U13    2 gh
8 64
20 g 2
T1  U13  T3 0  2 gh  0
64
10 g (10)(9.81)
h 
64 64
h  1.533 m 
(a) See solution to (a) of Problem 13.28. vmax  3.29 m/s 

(b) Refer to figure in (b) of Problem 13.28.
T1  0 T3  0
h
U13   0
(5 g  40 x)dx  2 gh
Since the spring remains attached to the 2 kg block, the integration must be carried out throughout the total
distance h.
T1  U13  T2 0  5 gh  20h 2  2 gh  0
3g (3)(9.81)
h 
20 20
h  1.472 m  
(a) 65 mi/h  95.3 ft/s

Assume auto stops in 5 , d , 14 ft.
v1  95.33 ft/s
1 2 1  2250 lb 
T1  mv1    (95.3 ft/s)
2
2 2  32.2 ft/s 2 
T1  317,530 lb  ft
 317.63 k  ft
v2  0
T2  0
U1 2  (18 k)(5 ft) (27 k)(d  5)
 90 27d  135
 27d  45 k ft
T1  U1 2  T2
317.53 27d  45
d  13.43 ft 
Assumption that d , 14 ft is ok.
(b) Maximum deceleration occurs when F is largest. For d  13.43 ft, F  27 k. Thus, F  maD
 2250 lb 
(27, 000 lb)    ( aD ) aD  386 ft/s 2 
 32.2 ft/s 
2
work & energy wheels

k  0.35 FB  (0.35)(100 kips)  35 kips

FC  (0.35)(80 kips)  28 kips
v1  30 mi/h  44 ft/s  v2  0 T2  0
(a) Entire train: T1  U1 2  T2

1 (80 kips  100 kips  80 kips)
(44 ft/s) 2  (28 kips  35 kips) x  0
2 32.2 ft/s 2
  x  124.07 ft  x  124.1 ft 
(b) Force in each coupling: Recall that x  124.07 ft.
Car A: Assume FAB to be in tension.
T1  V1 2  T2
1 80 kips
(44) 2  FAB (124.07 ft)  0
2 32.2
FAB  19.38 kips
FAB  19.38 kips (tension) 
Car C: T1  U1 2  T2
1 80 kips
(44)2  ( FBC  28 kips)(124.07 ft)  0
2 32.2
FBC  28 kips  19.38 kips
FBC  8.62 kips FBC  8.62 kips (tension) 

(a) Entire train:
FA   N A  (0.35)(80 kips)  28 kips

v1  30 mi/h 44 ft/s v2  0 T2  0
T1  v1 2  T2
1 (80 kips  100 kips  80 kips)
2
(44 ft/s)2  (28 kips)x  0
2 32.2 ft/s
x  279.1 ft x  279 ft 
(b) Force in each coupling:
Car A: Assume FAB to be in tension.
T1  v1 2  T2
1 80 kips
(44 ft/s)2  (28 kips FAB )(279.1 ft) 0
2 32.2 ft/s 2
28 kips  FAB  8.62 kips
FAB  19.38 kips FAB  19.38 kips (compression) 
Car C: T1  v1 2  T2
1 80 kips
2
(44 ft/s) 2  FBC (279.1 ft)  0
2 32.2 ft/s
FBC  8.617 kips FBC  8.62 kips (compression) 
Initial speed: v1  108 km/h 30 m/s
Final speed: v2  72 km/h 20 m/s
Vertical drop: h  (0.02)(300)  6.00 m

Braking distance: d  300 m
(a) Braking force. Use cab and trailer as a free body.
m  1800  5400
 7200 kg
W  mg
 (7200)(9.81)
 70.632  103 N
Work and energy: T1  U1 2  T2
1 2 1
mv1  Wh  Fb d  v22
2 2
1 1 1 
Fb   mv12  Wh  mv22 
d 2 2 
1  1  1 2
   (7200)(30)  (70.632  10 )(6.00)  (7200)(20) 
2 3
300  2  2 
 7.4126  103 N Fb  7.41 kN 
(b) Coupling force Fc . Use the trailer alone as a free body.
Braking force: Fb  (0.70)(7.4126  103 )

 5.1888  103 N
m  5400 kg
W  mg  (5400)(9.81)
 52.974  103 N
Work and energy: T1  U12  T2

1 2 1
mv1  Wh  Fbd  Fc d  mv22
2 2
The plus sign before Fc means that we have assumed that the coupling is in tension.
1 1 2 1 
Fc  Fb  mv1  Wh  mv12 
d  2 2 
1 1 1 2
 5.1888  103   (5400)(30)2  (52.974  10 )(6.00)    (5400)(20) 
3
300  2 2 
 3.7068  103 N Fc  3.71 kN (compression) 

Initial speed: v1  72 km/h  20 m/s
Final speed: v2  108 km/h  30 m/s
Vertical rise: h  (0.02)(300)  6.00 m

Distance traveled: d  300 m
(a) Traction force. Use cab and trailer as a free body.
m  1800  5400
 7200 kg
W  mg  (7200)(9.81)
 70.632  103 N
1 2 1
mv1  Wh  Ft d  mv22
2 2
1 1 
Ft   mv12  Wh  mv12 
d 2 
1 1 1 
  (7200)(30)2  (70.632  103 )(6.00)  (7200)(20)2 
300  2 2 
 7.4126  103 N Ft  7.41 kN 
(b) Coupling force Fc . Use the trailer alone as a free body.
m  5400 kg
W  mg
 (5400)(9.81)
 52.974  103 N
Assume that the tangential force at the trailer wheels is zero.
1 2 1
mv1  Wh  Fc d  mv22
2 2
The plus sign before Fc means that we have assumed that the coupling is in tension.
1 1 2 1 
Fc   mv2  Wh  mv12 
d 2 2 
1 1 1 
 (5400)(30)2  (52.974  103 )(6.00)  (5400)(20) 2 
300  2 2 
 5.5595  103 N Fc  5.56 kN (tension) 

Vector Mechanics For Engineers - 9th Edition

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Vector Mechanics For Engineers - 9th Edition

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

RMP - calculus

Cornelia demers: WIT

Given: x  1.5t 4  30t 2  5t  10

x  1.5(4)4  30(4) 2  5(4)  10  66 m x  66.0 m 

v  6(4)3  60(4)  5  149 m/s v  149.0 m/s 

a  18(4)2  60  228 m/s 2  a  228.0 m/s 2 

Given: x  12t 3  18t 2  2t  5

x  12(0.5)3  18(0.5)2  2(0.5)  5  3 x  3.00 m 

a3  10(3)  5  or a3  25.0 ft/s 2 

At t  6 s: x6  6(6) 2  8  40 cos 6 or x6  248 in. 

v6  12(6)  40 sin 6 or v6  72.0 in./s 

a6  12  40 2 cos 6 or a6  383 in./s 2 

When a  0: 72t 2  12t  24  12(6t 2  t  2)  0

(a) v  0 when 6t 2  30t  24  0

6(t  1)(t  4)  0 t  1.000 s or t  4.00 s 

(b) a  0 when 12t  30  0 t  2.5 s

For t  2.5 s: x2.5  2(2.5)3  15(2.5)2  24(2.5)  4

v  0 when t  1 s: x1  2(1)3  15(1)2  24(1)  4

From t  1 s to t  2.5 s: x2.5  x1  1.5  15  13.5 m 

(a) When v  0: 3t 2  12t  36  3(t 2  4t  12)  0

(b) When x  0: t 3  6t 2  36t  40  0

Factoring (t  10)(t  2)(t  2)  0 or t  10 s

t  6 s: x6  (6)3  6(6) 2  36(6)  40

t  10 s: v10  3(10)2  12(10)  36 or v10  144.0 ft/s 

a10  6(10)  12 or a0  48.0 ft/s 2 

Then | x6  x0 |  |  256  (40)|  216 ft

(a) When v  0: 3 t 2  18t  24  3(t 2  6t  8)  0

At t  3 s: x3  (3)3  9(3) 2  24(3)  8 or x3  10.00 in. 

First observe that 0 # t , 2 s: v. 0

At t  2 s: x2  (2)3  9(2) 2  24(2)  8  12 in.

Then x2  x0  12  (8)  20 in.

Combining 0  4t 2  (16  8t )(t  4)  80

t  11 s: x11  4(11)2  32(11)  44  176 m

Now observe that 0 # t , 4 s: v. 0

At t  7 s: v7  16  (7) 2 or v7  33.0 in./s 

(b) Substituting k  3 ft/s 4 into (1)

At t  1 s, v  30 m/s: 30  A(1)  2(1)3

or A  32 m/s 2 and v  32t  2t 3

(a) When v  0: 32t  2t 3  2t (16  t 2 )  0

Now observe that

Then x4  x0  136  8  128 m

Cornelia demers: WIT

an  10 g  10(9.81 m/s 2 )  98.1 m/s 2

(a) First note v  72 km/h  20 m/s

Then (vmax ) 2AB  (3  32.2 ft/s 2 )(80 ft)

or (vmax ) AB  87.909 ft/s

or (vmax ) AB  59.9 mi/h 

(a) At t  0, v A  0, which implies (a A ) n  0

At t  2 s: v A  (20 mm/s 2 )(2 s) = 40 mm/s

When v  72 km/h  20 m/s and   400 m,

But a  an2  at2

at  a 2  an2  (1.5)2  (1.000)2   1.11803 m/s 2

Since the train is accelerating, reject the negative value.

v12  v02  2at ( x1  x0 )  2at x1

(b) Corresponding tangential acceleration.

We have uniformly accelerated motion

v22  v12  2at s12

Substituting (24 ft/s) 2  (14 ft/s) 2  2at (95 ft)

At t  2 s: v  14 ft/s  (2 ft/s 2 )(2 s)  18 ft/s

Finally a 2  at2  an2

Cornelia demers: WIT

or 2[v1/2 ]9v  0.6 x

or 2[v  (1/2) ]9v  0.6t