Pakistan Army

Part One: Structure 2009

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Globalsecurity and Official site
Motto of Pakistan Army
Tariq's Prayer
Iman To have faith and trust in Allah and consider oneself:- A follower of none
but Allah. And a follower of none but his messenger The concept of “no deity exc
ept Allah” is always alive in the Muslim’s heart. A Muslim recognizes that Allah
alone is the Creator; their He alone is the Provider and Sustainer that He is t
he true Reality, the source of all things of all benefits and harms. This requir
es that He alone be worshiped and obeyed. “No deity except Allah” also includes
the question of authority as the right to govern belongs to the One Who created
him. Belief in Allah’s messenger means accepting Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the
last messenger sent by Him. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the spokesman for God by
His authority. The duty of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was not only to deliver the m
essage which Allah revealed but also to explain it and put it into practice as a
n example to be followed by mankind. Taqwa Taqwa signifies:- The fear of Allah.
Guarding ones tongue, hands and heart from evil. Righteous, piety and good condu
ct. Taqwa connotes the sense of protecting oneself from moral peril, preserving
one’s virtue, and guarding oneself against the displeasure of Almighty. It is, t
hus, a kind of awareness or consciousness by means of which one protects oneself
from sliding into evil Jihad-fi-Sabilillah The real objective of Islam is to sh
ift the lordship of man over man to the lordship of Allah on the earth and to st
ake one s life and everything else to achieve this sacred purpose. The Arabic wo
rd “Jihad” means to struggle “or” to strive. In as much as “Jihad” is a struggle
, it is a struggle against all that is perceived as evil in the cause of that wh
ich is perceived good, a cosmic and epic struggle spanning time and all dimensio
ns of human thought and action, and transcending the physical universe. The Isla
mic Law regulates declaration of Jihad as also the limitations are imposed on it
s conduct. In Chapter II verse 190 of The Holy Quran the reference to the duty o
f the Muslims to “fight in the cause of God those who fight you and be not aggre
ssors. God loveth not those who are aggressors”. The Muslims when they are engag
ed in fighting are not to transgress the limits within which war is allowed to b
e waged and, in principle, they are not to be cruel or become revengeful. The ge
neral command to be just and fair is discernible from Chapter V. Verse 8: Oh, ye
who believe stand out firmly for God as witness To fair dealings, And let not t
he hatred of other people to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justic
e. Be just, that is next to piety. And fear God, Surely, Allah is aware of what
you do
ishan-i-Haider
Captain Mohammad Sarwar, Punjab Regiment Date of Shahadat : 27th July 1948 Naik
Saif Ali Janjua, Azad Kashmir Regiment (Was awarded Hilal-e-Kashmir - an equival
ent to Nishan-i-Haider) Date of Shahadat : 26th April 1948 Major Tufail Mohammad
, Punjab Regiment Date of Shahadat : 7th August 1958 Major Raja Aziz Bhatti, Pun
jab Regiment Date of Shahadat : 12th September 1965 Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas,
Pakistan Air Force Date of Shahadat : 20th August 1971 Major Shabbir Sharif Fro
ntier Force Regiment Date of Shahadat : 7th December 1971 Sowar Mohammad Hussain
, Armoured Corps Date of Shahadat : 10th December 1971 Major Mohammad Akram, Fro
ntier Force Regiment Date of Shahadat : 15th December 1971 Lance Naik Mohammad M
ahfuz, Punjab Regiment Date of Shahadat : 17th December 1971 Captain Karnal Sher
Khan, Sind Regiment Date of Shahadat : 7th July 1999 Havildar Lalak Jan, Northe
rn Light Infantry Date of Shahadat : 7th July 1999
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the best organized group in the country, and a political fo
rce unto itself with the gradual destruction or diminution of institutions: the
judiciary, the constitution, the bureaucracy, and the legislature, and the trans
mogrification of a parliamentary system of government into a highly personalized
presidential system. Successive army chiefs promised to keep the army out of po
litics, but some of them brought the army to power to fill what they considered
to be a political vacuum. Since the founding of Pakistan, the army has been key
in holding the state together, promoting a feeling of nationhood among disparate
peoples and providing a bastion of selfless service in the midst of a venal gov
ernment system. All too frequently, the Pakistan Army has felt the need to take
over the government, cleanse it of corruption and try to reform its bureaucracy
before returning it to civilian control. Army control of the government has all
too often led to a corrupt military regime that eventually collapsed. Pakistan i
s a poor country riven with ethnic and religious tensions. Pakistan enjoys close
ties with China and shares an antipathy and distrust of India. Half of Pakistan
disappeared following its disastrous 1971 war with India. The Army gradually ga
ined control of Pakistan s political, social, and economic resources. This power
has transformed Pakistani society, where the armed forces have become an indepe
ndent class. The military is entrenched in the corporate sector and controls the
country s largest companies and large tracts of real estate. The Army has not a
lways had a close alliance with Islamic parties. It was only during the regime o
f General Zia ul Haq that the military-mullah nexus was formed, first for the Af
ghan Jihad against the Soviet Union and then to help the Kashmiris against the I
ndian Army. Later, an electoral deal under General Pervez Musharraf allowed the
mullahs to gain political traction for the first time ever, in return for their
support for an amendment to the constitution that allowed him to be concurrently
army chief and president. The Pakistan Army is the largest branch of the Pakist
an Armed Forces, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders,
the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of
Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. The Pakistan Ar
my a total strength of 520,000, about the size of of the Army of the United Stat
es, with a reserve element of 500,000 who have a reserve obligation up to the ag
e of 45 years. Reserve status lasted for eight years after leaving active servic
e or until age forty-five for enlisted men and age fifty for officers. The Pakis
tan Army structure in many ways has a close resemblance to the British Indian Ar
my structure at the end of the nineteenth century. During that period, recruitme
nt into individual, homogeneous regiments depended on class and caste, rather th
an on territory. Over time, these regiments became sources of immense pride to t
he men who served in them and to the ethnic group from which they were frequentl
y recruited. Service in a specific regiment passed from father to son; the event
ual shift from British to Pakistani rule went with hardly a ripple in the struct
ure except for the change in nationality of the senior officer corps. The Britis
h experimented with various forms of recruitment and of elevation to officer ran
k. During the period between the two world wars (1919-39), the British trained I
ndian officers to command at least Indian troops, and training establishments we
re set up to produce an indigenous officer corps. A small number of officer cand
idates were sent to Britain to the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst; after 19
32 the majority of candidates were trained at the Indian Military Academy at Deh
ra Dun. A rank that predated that of the native officer was the viceroy s commis
sioned officer--an Indian who had risen from the ranks and performed officer fun
ctions (except for commanding officer), especially at the company level. The vic
eroy s commissioned officer came from the same social background as did the troo
ps in his unit and performed a dual function: for the troops, he was a role mode
l and figure of respect to whom they could turn for advice; he was also an inval
uable intermediary between the troops and the British officer who commanded them
. The Pakistani military upon independence immediately became a central part of
the national consciousness. Unlike their Indian counterparts, Pakistani soldiers
did not bear the stigma of being antinational. The main base of army recruitmen
t, Punjab, was at the heart of Pakistan, and the army was immediately called upo
n to defend the interests of the nation against a perceived security threat from
"Hindu India." The Pakistani army was fortunate in its political position, but
less so in regard to the experience and technical expertise required to field an
effective military force. Muslims had been significantly underrepresented in th
e Indian officer corps, and when partition occurred, there was a severe shortage
of personnel. To lead the planned army of 150,000 men, 4,000 officers were need
ed, but there were only 2,500, and many of those, especially in the technical se
rvices, were underqualified. Only one major general, two brigadiers, and six col
onels were available, and in the middle officer ranks the situation was equally
bad. The first two commanders in chief of the army were British. The first Pakis
tani commander in chief--General Mohammad Ayub Khan--did not become commander in
chief of the army until 1951. Traditionally, the army was a predominantly Punja
bi force. In British India, three districts: Campbellpur (now Attock), Rawalpind
i, and Jhelum dominated the recruitment flows. By 1990 the percentage representa
tion in the Pakistan Army as a whole (officers and Other Ranks or soldiers) was
as follows: Punjabis 65 percent; Pushtuns 14 percent; Sindhis and Baluchis 15 pe
rcent; Kashmiris 6 percent; and Minorities 0.3 per cent. Since then, with the pr
ovision of waivers for both physical and educational qualifications, recruitment
has been increased from the formerly less well represented areas. Punjab showed
an overall decline in recruitment of soldiers from 63.86 per cent in 1991 to 43
.33 in 2005. Zia was extremely skillful in protecting his base in the military.
To ensure control, he was concurrently chief of the army staff, chief martial la
w administrator, and president, and he carefully juggled senior military appoint
ments. The satisfaction of the military was also enhanced by arrangements under
which Pakistani service personnel were seconded to the armed forces of Persian G
ulf countries, where emoluments were much more generous than in Pakistan. Retiri
ng officers received generous benefits, sometimes including land allocations, an
d often found lucrative positions in government service or in parastatal economi
c enterprises. The assignment of serving officers to approximately 10 percent of
the senior posts in the civilian administration also provided opportunities for
economic gain, sometimes in ways that were ultimately
harmful to the army s image of itself. For example, some military personnel repo
rtedly participated in the rapidly growing narcotics business. Several army orga
nizations performed functions that were important to the civilian sector across
the country. For example, the National Logistics Cell was responsible for trucki
ng food and other goods across the country, the Frontier Works Organization buil
t the Karakoram Highway to China, the Makran Coastal Highway, flood relief opera
tions etcetera and the Special Communication Organization maintained communicati
ons networks in remote parts of Pakistan. Pakistan Army is involved in relief ac
tivities not only in Pakistan but also in many other countries of the world, lik
e they went for relief activities after Bangladesh was recently hit by floods. P
ak Army also went to Indonesia, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka after they were hit by
tsunami. Pakistan army and Navy sent ships and helicopters to the friendly natio
ns for tsunami relief operation. The army also engaged in extensive economic act
ivities. Most of these enterprises, such as stud and dairy farms, were for the a
rmy s own use, but others performed functions beneficial to the local civilian e
conomy. Army factories produced such goods as sugar, fertilizer, and brass casti
ngs and sold them to civilian consumers. The Pakistani Army is a volunteer force
and has been involved in many conflicts with India. Combined with this rich com
bat experience, the Army is also actively involved in contributing to United Nat
ions peacekeeping efforts. Other foreign deployments have consisted of Pakistani
Army personnel as advisers in many African, South Asian and Arab countries. Sin
ce the September 11th terrorist attacks, Pakistani military forces have been ext
ensively engaged in the War on Terrorism against Taliban and Al Qaeda extremists
. Over 90,000 troops along with various paramilitary forces are involved in a pr
otracted fight against extremists in the tribal areas of Pakistan. It is more im
portant than ever for the army to build bridges with civilians, as success in fi
ghting extremism and terrorism is dependent on this. Army also provides opportun
ity to women to serve in the Pakistan Army. Currently, there are a sizable numbe
r of Women serving in the army. The army sees itself as a national institution a
nd thus many non-Muslim officers (including Qadiyanis) have achieved high ranks
within the army. The army in Pakistan is most organized and powerful institution
of a state, like all capitalist states, has the fundamental role of preserving
and protecting the assets, social status, privileges and economic exploitation o
f the local ruling and imperialism. In times of natural disaster army engineers,
medical and logistics personnel, and the armed forces played a major role in br
inging relief and supplies. The army also engaged in extensive economic activiti
es. Most of these enterprises, such as stud and dairy farms, were for the army s
own use, but others performed functions beneficial to the local civilian econom
y. Army factories produced such goods as sugar, fertilizer, and brass castings a
nd sold them to civilian consumers. The Pakistan military also assists in natura
l disasters in Pakistan such as the great floods of 1992, the floods in Balochis
tan in 2008 and the October 2005-devastating Kashmir earthquake; army engineers,
medical and logistics personnel, and the armed forces played a major role in br
inging relief and supplies. In natural disasters there was no significant second
wave of deaths from injury, cold, food shortages, or disease. And much credit f
or that probably goes to Pakistan Army. Perhaps more than anything else, the qua
ke relief effort demonstrated the growing importance of military forces in respo
nding to disasters. The entire fleet of Army Aviation flew innumerable sorties r
ound the clock to take relief goods to the affected areas and brought back sick
and injured back to base hospitals. Where helicopters could not reach, men carri
ed relief goods on their back and reached the needy. The undertaking of relief o
peration of this magnitude could only be taken by the men and machines of the Ar
med Forces of Pakistan. There are reports that the United Nations recommended th
e Pakistan military form a standby team to respond in disasters. Integrated mili
tary-civilian responses are most likely to be successful in natural disasters. T
he role of the military becomes more contentious as the immediate life-saving ph
ase of an aid operation ends and the reconstruction phase takes over. It is ther
efore important for military actors to not only develop their capacity to respon
d to disasters, but also to develop their capacity to exit from disaster respons
es.
 Pakistan Army
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chief of Army Staff - Structure of the Pakistan Army - Frontier Corps - Special
Service Group - Rawalpindi - Pakistan Military Academy - Command and Staff Colle
ge - National Defence University - Military history of Pakistan - UN Peacekeepin
g Missions Awards and Decorations - Nishan-e-Haider The Pakistan Army (Urdu: )
is a branch of the Pakistan military that protects the state borders and terr
itories. The Pakistan Army came into existence after independence in 1947 and is
led by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. It has an active force of 700,000 personne
l and 528,000 men in reserve. The Pakistan Army is a volunteer force and soldier
s continue to serve until the age of 45.[1] The Pakistan Army has had conflicts
with India, and has been involved in United Nations peacekeeping efforts. It mai
ntained division and brigade strength presences in some of the Arab countries du
ring the past Arab-Israeli Wars, and aided the Coalition in the first Gulf War.
Combat doctrine Pakistan Army has a doctrine of limited "offensive-defense"[2] w
hich it has tried to refine consistently ever since 1989 since its inception dur
ing "Exercise Zarb-e-Momin." Under this strategy the Army does not wait for the
enemy s offensive, but rather launches an offensive of its own. Two things are a
ccomplished under this strategy: first, the enemy is kept off-balance; second, e
nemy territory of strategic importance may be seized, which can then be used as
a bargaining chip to consolidate the Army s gains. Similarly, in protecting stat
e borders, the Pakistan Army will attempt to keep the enemy off of the border ra
ther than giving ground on the Pakistani side. In the 1990s, the Army created a
strong centralized corps of reserves for its formations in the critical semidese
rt and desert sectors in southern Punjab and Sindh provinces. These new formatio
ns were rapidly equipped with assets needed for mechanized capability. These res
erve formations are dual-capable, meaning they can be used for offensive as well
as defensive (holding) purposes. Organization Main articles: Structure of the P
akistan Army and List of serving generals of the Pakistan Army The Chief of the
Army Staff (COAS), formerly called the Commander in Chief (C in C), is charged w
ith the responsibility of commanding the Pakistan Army. The COAS operates from a
rmy headquarters in Rawalpindi, near Islamabad. The Principal Staff Officers (PS
O s) assisting him in his duties at the Lieutenant General level include a Chief
of General Staff (CGS), under whom the Military Operations and Intelligence Dir
ectorates function; the Chief of Logistics Staff (CLS); the Adjutant General (AG
); the Quarter-Master General (QMG); the Inspector General of Training and Evalu
ation (IGT&E); and the Military Secretary (MS). A major
reorganization in GHQ was done in September 2008 under General Ashfaq Parvez Kay
ani, when two new PSO positions were introduced: the Inspector General Arms and
the Inspector General Communications and IT, thus raising the number of PSO s to
eight.[3]. The headquarters function also includes the Judge Advocate General (
JAG), and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel, the Chief of the Corps of Engin
eers (E-in-C) who is also head of Military Engineering Service (MES), all of the
m also report to the Chief of the Army Staff. The current Principal Staff Office
rs (PSO s) helping the COAS in his duties at the Lieutenant General level includ
e: • Chief of General Staff (CGS) — Lt Gen Mohammad Mustafa Khan • Chief of Logi
stics Staff (CLS) — Lt Gen Muhammad Alam Khattak • Inspector General Arms — Lt G
en Jamil Haider • Adjutant General (AG) — Lt Gen Javed Zia • Quarter-Master Gene
ral (QMG) — Lt Gen Zahid Hussain • Inspector General Training and Evaluation (IG
T&E) — Lt Gen Ahsan Azhar Hayat • Military Secretary (MS) — Lt Gen Mohsin Kamal
• Inspector General Communications and IT — Lt Gen Tanvir Tahir Structure of Arm
y units The Pakistan Army is divided into two main branches, which are Arms and
Services. Arms include: • Armoured Corps • Infantry • Artillery • Air Defence •
Engineers • Signals • Army Aviation And Services include: • Army Medical Corps •
Ordnance • Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (EME) • Army Supply & Transport
(ASC) Regiments
•
Infantry: Frontier Force (FF) Punjab Sindh Baloch Azad Kashmir (AK) Northern Lig
ht Infantry (NLI) The President s Bodyguard Armour o 4th Cavalry o 5th Horse o 6
th Lancers o 7th Lancers o 8th Cavalry o 9th Horse o 10th Cavalry (Guides Cavalr
y) o 11th Cavalry o 12th Cavalry o 13th Lancers o 14th Lancers o 15th Lancers o
16th Horse o 17th Lancer o 18th Horse o 19th Lancers o 20th Lancers o 21st Horse
o 22nd Cavalry o 23rd Cavalry o The Charging 24th Cavalry o 25th Cavalry o 26th
Cavalry o 27th Cavalry o 28th Cavalry "CHAMMB HUNTERS" o 29th Cavalry o 30th Ca
valry o 31st Cavalry
o o o o o o
• •
32nd Cavalry(al aadiyat) 33rd Cavalry 34th Lancers 37th Cavalry(newest regt of a
c) 38th Cavalry 40th Horse 41st Horse 42nd Lancers 51st Lancers 52nd Cavalry 53r
d Cavalry 52nd Cavalry 53rd Cavalry 54th Cavalry 55th Cavalry 56th Cavalry 57th
Cavalry 58th Cavalry *The President s Bodyguard formed at independence from memb
ers of the Governor General s Bodyguard, itself successor to the Governor s Troo
p of Moghals raised in 1773 *5th Horse is the successor to the 1st Sikh Irregula
r Cavalry (Wales s Horse), and the 2nd Sikh Irregular Cavalry, both raised in 18
57 *6th Lancers is the successor to The Rohilkhand Horse raised in 1857, and the
4th Sikh Irregular Cavalry raised in 1858 *Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force) is t
he successor to the Corps of Guides raised in 1846 *11th Cavalry (Frontier Force
) is the successor to 1st Regiment of Punjab Cavalry and 3rd Regiment of Punjab
Cavalry, both raised in 1849 *13th Lancers is the successor to the 1st Native Tr
oop raised in 1804, and the 2nd Native Troop raised in 1816. It is also the seni
or most armour regiment of the Indian Sub-Continent. *15th Lancers is the succes
sor to the Multani Regiment Of Cavalry raised in 14 January 1858. *19th Lancers
is the successor to the 2nd Mahratta Horse (Tiwana Horse) raised in 1858, and Fa
ne s Horse raised in 1860 *25th Cavalry (Frontier Force) is the famous unit whic
h stopped Indian armour thrust in Chawinda in 1965 *The Punjab Regiment formed i
n 1956 from the 1st, 14th, 15th and 16th Punjab Regiments; can be traced back to
the 3rd Battalion of Coast Sepoys raised in 1759 *The Baloch Regiment formed in
1956 from the 8th Punjab Regiment, The Baloch Regiment, and The Bahawalpur Regi
ment; can be traced back to the 3rd Extra Madras Battalion raised in 1798 *The F
rontier Force Regiment is the successor to the Frontier Brigade raised in 1846 *
The Azad Kashmir Regiment was raised in 1947, became part of the army in 1971 *T
he Sindh Regiment was raised in 1980 from battalions of the Punjab Regiment and
Baloch Regiment *The Northern Light Infantry was formed in 1977 from various par
amilitary units of scouts, became part of the army in 1999 after the Kargil War
*The Special Service Group was formed in 1959 around a cadre from the Baloch Reg
iment Corps There are 11 Corps including the newly formed Army Strategic Forces
Command (2004) and Army Air Defence Command located at various garrisons all ove
r Pakistan.[4] Corps HQ Location Major Formations under Corps Commander 6th Armo
ured Division (Kharian), 17th Infantry Division Lt Gen Nadeem I Corps Mangla, Pu
njab (Kharian), 37th Infantry Division (Gujranwala) Ahmad 1st Armoured Division
(Multan), 40th Infantry Division Lt Gen Sikandar II Corps Multan, Punjab (Okara)
Afzal 10th Infantry Division (Lahore), 11th Infantry Division Lt Gen Ijaz Ahmed
IV Corps Lahore, Punjab (Lahore) Bakhshi 16th Infantry Division (Pano Aqil), 18
th Infantry Division V Corps Karachi, Sindh Lt Gen Shahid Iqbal (Hyderabad), 25t
h Mechanized Division (Malir) Force Command Northern Areas (Gilgit), 12th Infant
ry Lt Gen Tahir X Corps Rawalpindi, Punjab Division (Murree), 19th Infantry Divi
sion (Mangla), 23rd Mahmood Infantry Division (Jhelum) Peshawar, North West 7th
Infantry Division (Peshawar), 9th Infantry Division Lt Gen Muhammad XI Corps Fro
ntier Province (Kohat) Masood Aslam 33rd Infantry Division (Quetta), 41st Infant
ry Division Lt Gen Khalid XII Corps Quetta, Balochistan (Quetta) Shameem Wynne 2
nd Artillery Division (Gujranwala), 8th Infantry Division XXX Corps Gujranwala,
Punjab Lt Gen Nadeem Taj (Sialkot), 15th Infantry Division (Sialkot) 14th Infant
ry Division (Okara), 26th Mechanized Division Lt Gen Naeem XXXI Corps Bahawalpur
, Punjab (Bahawalpur), 35th Infantry Division (Bahawalpur) Khalid Lodhi Lt Gen S
yed Absar Strategic Corps Rawalpindi, Punjab 2 divisions, 47th Artillery Brigade
(Sargodha) Hussain Army Air 3rd Air Defence Division (Sargodha), 4th Air Defenc
e Lt Gen Muhammad Defence Rawalpindi, Punjab Division (Malir) Ashraf Saleem Comm
and
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
History of the Pakistan Army See also: Military history of Pakistan 1947–1958 Th
e Pakistan Army was created on 30 June 1947 with the division of the British Ind
ian Army. Pakistan received six armoured, eight artillery and eight infantry reg
iments compared to the forty armoured, forty artillery and twenty one infantry r
egiments that went to India.[5][verification needed] Fearing that India would ta
ke over the state of Kashmir, irregulars, scouts and tribal groups joined the Ka
shmiris opposing the maharaja in 1947. This lead to the Indo-Pakistani War of 19
47.[verification needed] Regular army units joined the invasion later on but wer
e stopped after the refusal of the Pakisatan army C-in-C to obey Pakistani leade
r Jinnah s orders to move the army into Kashmir. Ceasefire followed on UN interv
ention with Pakistan occupying the northwestern part of Kashmir and India the re
st. Later, during the 1950s, the Pakistan Army received large amounts of economi
c and military aid from United States and Great Britain after signing two Mutual
Defense Treaties, Central Treaty Organization, (Cento) also known as the Baghda
d Pact and SEATO, (South East Asian Treaty Organization) in 1954. This aid great
ly expanded the Army from its modest beginnings. The sole division HQ that went
to Pakistan was the 7th. 8th and 9th Divisions were raised in 1947; 10, 12 and 1
4 Divs were raised in 1948. 15 Div was raised in 1950. At some point before 1954
, 6 Div was raised and 9 Div disbanded. 6 Div was disbanded at some point after
1954 as US assistance was available only for 1 armd and 6 inf divs. 1st Armoured
Div was raised in 1956. 1958–1969 The Army seized control of Pakistan for the f
irst time when General Ayub Khan came to power through a bloodless coup in 1958.
Tensions with India continued in the 1960s and a brief border skirmish was foug
ht near the Rann of Kutch area during April 1965. The Pakistan Army commanders s
eemed emboldened and carried out Operation Gibraltar, an attempt to take Kashmir
that was launched later in the year and resulted in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1
965. After the Pakistani infiltrators were discovered, India counter-attacked an
d the 3-week war ended in a U.N. mandated ceasefire culminating in the Tashkent
Declaration. The 1965 IndoPakistani War is widely regarded as ending in a stalem
ate as both countries had similar amounts of their opposition s territory in the
ir possession, although the Indian Army may have had an upper hand because its c
aptured territory was hospitable areas of the Punjab whereas that captured by th
e PA was composed of the deserts and swamps of Rann. Both countries claimed vict
ory, Pakistan s reason being it had forced a stalemate against a military which
was vastly superior in numbers and equipment. It is also believed that India s b
etter resources would have given it a decisive advantage had the war continued.
An uprising against General Ayub Khan during 1968 and 1969 resulted in Ayub Khan
relinquishing his office as President and Chief of Army Staff in favour of Gene
ral Yahya Khan, who assumed power in 1969. 16 Divison, 18 Division and 23 Divisi
on were raised at some point between 1966 and 1969 and 9 Division was re-raised
during this period. 1969–1977 During the rule of General Yahya Khan, the Bengali
s of East Pakistan protested against various political and economic conditions t
hat had been imposed on them by West Pakistan and massive civil unrest broke out
in East Pakistan. While the Pakistan Army attempted to quell the uprisings, whi
ch included killings of non-Bengalis by Bengali rebels, incidents of human right
s abuses were carried out by certain sections of the Pakistan Army in East Pakis
tan. India assisted Bangladeshi rebels for months before beginning an invasion o
f East Pakistan in November 1971. The Pakistani military in East Pakistan was ve
ry heavily out-numbered following a policy that "East Pakistan s defence lay in
West Pakistan" and by 16 December 1971, around 90,000 West Pakistanis were surre
ndered and taken Prisoner of War by the Indian Army. They included around 55,000
military personnel and around 35,000 government and civil employees. East Pakis
tan was made independent from West Pakistan, becoming the People s Republic of B
angladesh. Consequently, the Pakistan Army was modernised at a faster pace than
ever before. According to Maj (Retd) Agha Humayun Amin, no PA commanders had ser
iously considered an Indian invasion of East Pakistan until December 1971 becaus
e it was thought that the Indian military would not risk Chinese or U.S. interve
ntion. It was not realised that the Chinese were unable to intervene during the
November to December 1971 period due to snowbound Himalayan passes and the U.S.
had not made any real effort to persuade India against attacking East Pakistan.[
6] 1977–1999 In 1977 the Pakistan Army took over the government of Pakistan afte
r a coup by General Zia ul-Haq, which saw the end of another democratically elec
ted government leading to the hanging of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, after he was tried
and found guilty of conspiracy of murdering a politician named Kasuri. General
Zia ul-Haq ruled as a military dictator until his death in an air crash in 1988.
At that time General Mohammad Iqbal Khan was a powerful general of Pakistan. He
served as a joint chief from 1980 to 1984 and was the Chief Martial Law Officer
at that time. If Zia ul-Haq would have resigned at that time he would be the ne
xt COAS. Pakistan Army also helped the Saudi Arabian Government in regaining the
control of the Kaaba with the help of French Commandos. Pakistani and French se
curity forces retook Kaaba in a battle which left approximately 250 dead, and 60
0 wounded. The Pakistanis and French were called in after poor results from assa
ults by the Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG). 127 were reported to have been
killed. In the mid-1970s the Pakistan Army was involved in fighting an uprising
in Balochistan. Various Balochi factions, some with the oblique support of the U
SSR, wanted independence or at least greater provincial rights. The rebellion wa
s put down but the Army suffered heavy casualties. 1999–present In October 1999
the Pakistan Army for the fourth time, overthrew a democratically elected govern
ment which resulted in additional sanctions being placed against Pakistan, resul
ting in General Pervez Musharraf coming to power in a bloodless coup. Musharraf
stepped down as President in August 2008. On July 30, 2009, the Pakistan Supreme
Court ruled that General Musharraf s imposition of the Emergency Rule in 2007 w
as unconstitutional.[7] Since the 9/11 incident, Pakistan unrecognized the Talib
an and has become a key ally of the United States in the fight against terrorism
. As part of the U.S. s War on Terrorism, the army has moved over 100,000 troops
to the Pakistan-Afghan border to patrol against extreme elements cross border i
nfiltration. The Pakistan Army commenced operations in Balochistan during 2006,
resulting in the killing of the leader of the Balochis, Nawab Akbar Bugti and ha
s resulted in the crushing of a rebellion by the Balochistan Liberation Army. Ir
onically, Bugti never demanded separation of Baluchistan from Pakistan. In an in
terview with journalist Hamid Mir, he said "Read Mir Gul Khan Nasir s book on th
e history of Balochistan. The Baloch have always resisted unconstitutional measu
res.I m not a traitor, the people who go against the Article 6 and take control
of Pakistan are the real traitors. I, like Mir Gul Khan Nasir, only put forward
the demand for Balochistan s rights. But in General Musharraf s view this is a c
rime punishable by death. (Bugti Laughs then continues) Your commando general wi
ll rest only after he martyrs me but after my martyrdom he will be held responsi
ble. So now it s up to you people to either choose Musharraf or Pakistan. The ch
oice is yours."[8][9] Another of his demands that put him into direct conflict w
ith the military cabal was the trial of an army captain accused of raping a lady
doctor posted at Sui.[10][11][12][13][14][15] On February 21, 2009, the Pakista
ni government and armed forces decided to implement a truce with the Taliban rat
her than engage in on-off guerrilla warfare to the dismay of many of Pakistan s
Western allies including the United States. As a result of this truce, Shariah o
r Islamic law was to be implemented in the Malakand division – a region in North
-West Pakistan that includes the one time tourist haven, Swat Valley. However, w
hen Taliban
did not lay down their weapons as part of the deal which would result in the imp
lementation of Islamic law, the Pakistan army supported by the country s parliam
ent embarked on a full-scale military operation in order to eliminate militant
s that challenge the writ of the state. Recent press releases by military spokes
persons claim to have already killed over 1,000 militants. The militants, on the
other hand, claim to have taken less losses than the military. However, due to
the intensity of the conflict and the curfew imposed by the government in the ar
ea, it is difficult to verify this independently. Most observers believe that th
e military is regaining territory that was in control of the militants, although
the speed of this progress is considerably slow. Notable defence analysts belie
ve that if the Pakistan army is serious about tackling the threat of militancy,
it will be successful in quelling this insurgency. pakistan has been successful
in crushing the swat based taliban . the army has also started an operation to q
uash taliban in south waziristan and it has been highly successful in it as well
Pakistan Army role in peacekeeping See also UN peacekeeping missions involving
Pakistan In the wake of the new world power equilibrium a more complex security
environment has emerged. It is characterized by growing national power politics
and state implosions which have necessitated involvement of the United Nations p
eace keeping forces for conflict resolution. The United Nations has been underta
king peace keeping operations since its inception, but the need for employment o
f peace keeping forces has increased manifold since the Gulf War. In 1992 there
were 11000 Blue Berets deployed around the world, by the end of the year the fig
ure rose to 52000. Presently it exceeds a staggering figure of 80,000 troops. Pa
kistan contribution in U peace keeping missions • UN Operation in Congo (ONUC) 1
960–1964 • UN Security Force in New Guinea, West Irian (UNSF) 1962–1963 • UN Yem
en Observer Mission Yemen (UNYOM) 1963–1964 • UN Transition Assistance Group in
Namibia (UNTAG) 1989–1990 • UN Iraq–Kuwait Observer Mission (UNIKOM) 1991–2003 •
UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) 1993–1996 • UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (
UNTAC) 1992–1993 • UN Operations in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992–1995 • UN Protection F
orces in Bosnia (UNPROFOR) 1992–1995 • UN Observer Mission for Rawanda (UNAMIR)
1993–1996 • UN Verification Mission in Angola (UNAVEM III) 1995–1997 • UN Transi
tional Administration for Eastern Slavonia (UNTAES) 1996–1997 • UN Mission of Ob
servers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) 1996–2002 • UN Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (U
NAMSIL) 2001–2005 • UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) 1999-t
o-date • UN Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) 2003-to-date • U
N Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 2003-to-date • UN Mission in Ivory Coast (ONUCI) 20
04-to-date • UN Mission in Burundi (ONUB) 2004-to-date • UN Mission in Sudan (UN
MIS) 2005-to-date • UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 1999-to-date Currently, Pakista
n has the most operational army in UN peace keeping missions. Notable are its ac
hievements in DRC and Somalia[citation needed] Political and corporate interests
of the Army The Pakistan Army has always played an integral part of the Pakista
n government since its inception mainly on the pretext of lack of good civilian
leadership. It has virtually acted as a third party that has repeatedly seized p
ower in the name of stabilizing Pakistan and ending corruption. However politica
l instability, lawlessness and corruption are seen as direct consequences of arm
y rule.[16][17] with the last military dictator, Gen. Musharraf making off with
state gifts worth millions instead of depositing them with the state treasury as
per law besides other reported instances of corruption [18]. Earlier similar pr
ecedent was also setup by general Zia ul-Haq who retained expensive vehicles and
state gifts. The tradition of insubordination of the army towards the legitimat
e leadership of can be traced back to Frank Messervy who had resisted the orders
of Pakistan’s founding father Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This was described as the ma
in reason for his early retirement. However it did not prevent him being honored
and promoted to general. Later Douglas Gracey, the C in C of the Pakistan Army
did not send troops to the Kashmir front and refused to obey the order to do so
given by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Governor-General of Pakistan. Gracey argued that J
innah as Governor-General represented the British Crown of which he himself was
an appointee. The same tradition was continued by their successors, Ayub Khan, Z
ia and Musharraf, all of whom received honours instead of being tried for indisc
ipline and insubordination. General Ayub Khan came to power in 1958 due to polit
ical wrangling engineered by the bureaucracy and the military after the assassin
ation of prime minister Liaqat Ali Khan. The situation was so dire that the spea
ker of the National Assembly was beaten to death right in front of the assembly
hall. Later on, owing to public pressure, Ayub Khan transferred power to General
Yahya Khan rather than the speaker of the national assembly as stipulated in th
e constitution. The prolonged military rule finally resulted in the dismembermen
t of Pakistan with the independence of Bangladesh. After the 1971 war, democracy
was restored only to be cut short in 1977 after a coup which saw the hanging of
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Pakistani Premier. General Zia ul-Haq ruled as a dicta
tor virtually unopposed until his death in 1988. His rule resulted in lawlessnes
s, bomb blasts and influx of weapons and refugees. Despite the exit of the army
from mainstream politics, the political muscle of the military is everpresent. T
he former President, General (ret) Pervez Musharraf, came to power in a bloodles
s coup in October 1999 overthrowing the last democratically elected government l
ed by Nawaz Sharif. Repeated army coups have served to strengthen and build-up t
he military s corporate interests in real estate, security-related businesses, h
otels, shopping malls, insurance companies, banks, farms and airline sectors. Pa
kistan has been ruled by the Army for about half of the period of its existence.
During this period of its dictatorial rule the army has authorized some unbelie
vable perks and privileges for itself. Expansion of these interests occurred mos
t prominently via welfare foundations, under the guise of providing for the need
s of the troops and their families, whether with bakeries, real estate or beauty
parlors. A civilian government, as and when formed, could hardly change or chall
enge these perks. Once Prime Minister Mohammad Khan Junejo attempted to cut defe
nce expenditure and tried to put generals and admirals in small cars in place of
more luxurious vehicles, General Zia promptly sacked him. Besides handsome pay
package and fringe benefits, army officers in Pakistan are given many colonial p
rivileges. The biggest perk is land. In addition to land grants, pensions five t
imes the civilian level and postretirement jobs were designed to make military s
ervice lucrative. In fact its is said that every general retiring from the army
is transformed into a feudal lord, thanks to the prime agrarian lands allotted t
o them.In the Pakistan Army a Major General on promotion to the rank of Lieutena
nt General gets fifty acres of land.[19] On the contrary out of the 46 housing s
chemes directly built by the armed forces, none is for ordinary soldiers or civi
lian officers and personnel employed by the army.[20] Personnel Personnel traini
ng File:Pak-army-commandos.jpg Pakistan s SSG Commandos during an exercise Enlis
ted ranks Most enlisted personnel used to come from rural families, and many hav
e only rudimentary literacy skills, but with the increase in the litracy level t
he requirements have been raised to Matriculate level (10th Grade). Recruits are
processed gradually through a paternalistically run regimental training center,
taught the official language, Urdu, if necessary, and given a period of element
ary education before their military training actually starts. In the thirty-six-
week training period, they develop an attachment to the regiment they will remai
n with through much of their careers and begin to develop a sense of being a Pak
istani rather than primarily a member of a tribe or a village. Enlisted men usua
lly serve for eighteen years, during which they participate in regular training
cycles and have the opportunity to take academic courses to help them advance. O
fficer ranks Following are the Officer ranks in Pakistan Army[21]: • Field Marsh
al • General • Lt-General • Major-General • Brigadier • Colonel • Lt-Colonel • M
ajor • Captain • Lieutenant • 2nd lieutenant About 320 men enter the army bi-ann
ually through the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul in Abbottabad in the North
West Frontier Province; a small number—especially physicians and technical speci
alists—are directly recruited, and these persons are part of the heart of the of
ficer corps. The product of a highly competitive selection process, members of t
he officer corps have completed twelve years of education and spend two years at
the Pakistan Military Academy, with their time divided about equally between mi
litary training and academic work to bring them up to a baccalaureate education
level, which includes English-language skills. The army has twelve other trainin
g establishments, including schools concentrating on specific skills such as inf
antry, artillery, intelligence, or mountain warfare. A National University of Sc
ience and Technology (NUST) has been established which has absorbed the existing
colleges of engineering, signals, electrical engineering and medicine. At the a
pex of the army training system is the Command and Staff College at Quetta, one
of the few institutions inherited from the colonial period. The college offers a
tenmonth course in tactics, staff duties, administration, and command functions
through the division level. Students from foreign countries, including the Unit
ed States, have attended the school but reportedly have been critical of its nar
row focus and failure to encourage speculative thinking or to give adequate atte
ntion to less glamorous subjects, such as logistics. The senior training institu
tion for all service branches is the National Defence University. Originally est
ablished in 1971 at Rawalpindi, to provide training in higher military strategy
for senior officers, the school house was relocated to Islamabad in 1995. It als
o offers courses that allow civilians to explore the broader aspects of national
security. In a program begun in the 1980s to upgrade the intellectual standards
of the officer corps and increase awareness of the wider world, a small group o
f officers, has been detailed to academic training, achieving master s degrees a
nd even doctorates at universities in Pakistan and abroad. Pakistani officers we
re sent abroad during the 1950s and into the 1960s for training in Britain and o
ther Commonwealth countries, and especially to the United States, where trainees
numbering well in the hundreds attended a full range of institutions ranging fr
om armored and infantry schools to the higher staff and command institutions. Af
ter 1961 this training was coordinated under the International Military Educatio
n and Training (IMET) program, but numbers varied along with vicissitudes in the
United States-Pakistan military relationship. Of some 200 officers being sent a
broad annually in the 1980s, over two-thirds went to the United States, but the
cessation of United States aid in 1990 entailed suspension of the IMET program.
In 1994 virtually all foreign training was in Commonwealth countries. However, a
fter the 9/11 attacks, Pakistan again has begun sending officers to US Army scho
ols. Today there are more than 400 officers serving in foreign countries. Office
rs retire between the ages of fifty-two and sixty, depending on their rank. Unif
orms Pakistan Army uniforms closely resemble those of the British armed services
. The principal color is greenish brown. Dress uniforms were worn mostly on form
al occasions. The service uniform was worn for daily duty. The service uniform f
or the ground forces was khaki (sand/tan) cotton. Officers purchased their unifo
rms, but enlisted personnel received a standard uniform issue, which consisted o
f service and field uniforms, fatigues, and in some cases, dress uniforms. The u
niforms consisted of shirt, trousers, sweater, jacket or blouse, and boots. Ther
e is also a white dress uniform. The fatigues were the same for winter and summe
r. Heavy winter gear was issued as needed. Headgear included a service cap for d
ress and semi-dress and a field cap worn with fatigues. Army personnel also wear
berets, usually worn in lieu of the service cap. Brown and black and more recen
tly US BDU style camouflage fatigues are worn by army troop units. Rank structur
e and uniform insignia
Pakistani Officer Ranks Field COAS General Marshal (5(4-Star) (4-Star) Star)
Major Lieutenant General General (3-Star) Star)
(2-
Brigadier (1-Star)
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain Lieutenant
2nd Lieutenant
The rank structure is patterned on the British Army model. Following the British
Indian Army traditions, there are three junior commissioned officer (JCO) grade
s between enlisted and officer rank, for those who rise by promotion from among
enlisted recruits. The Junior Commissioned Officer is a continuation of the form
er Viceroy s Commissioned Officer rank. During the early days of the Pakistan Ar
my, there was a large cultural gap between officers and enlisted personnel. In t
he early 1990s, JCOs had wide responsibilities in the day-to-day supervision of
lower grades, but they were a group that may have outlived its usefulness becaus
e officers have become "more Pakistani" and less dependent on British models and
because the education level of enlisted men has risen. Promotion to JCO rank, h
owever, remains a powerful incentive for enlisted personnel; thus, if JCO ranks
are ever phased out, it will likely be a slow process. Awards for valor The Nish
an-e-Haider (Urdu: ( ) Sign of the Lion), is the highest military award giv
en by Pakistan. Recipients Nishan-e-Haider recipients receive an honorary title
as a sign of respect: Shaheed meaning martyr for deceased recipients. 1. Captain
Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (1910–27 July 1948) 2. Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed (1
914–7 August 1958) 3. Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed (1928–10 September 1965) 4.
Major Muhammad Akram Shaheed (1938–1971) 5. Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed (1943–
6 December 1971) 6. Jawan Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed (1949–10 December 1971)
7. Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz Shaheed (1944–17 December 1971) 8. Captain Karnal
Sher Khan Shaheed (1970–5 July 1999) 9. Lalak Jan Shaheed (1967–7 July 1999) 10
. Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas Shaheed (Day of martyrdom : 21 August 1971) 11. Na
ik Saif Ali Khan Shaheed (Kashmir) Two Pakistani pilots belonging to the army av
iation branch of Pakistan army who carried out a daring rescue of a mountaineer
are to be given Slovenia s top award for bravery. Slovenian, Tomaz Humar got str
anded on the western end of the 8,125m Nanga Parbat mountain were he remained fo
r around a week on top of the world s ninth-highest peak. The helicopter pilots
plucked the 38-year-old from an icy ledge 6,000m up the peak known as "killer mo
untain". The Slovenian president has presented Lt Col Rashid Ullah Beg and Lt Co
l Khalid Amir Rana with the Golden Order for Services in the country s capital,
Ljubljana, "for risking their lives during the rescue mission", a Pakistan army
statement said.[22] Special forces and alliances See also Pakistan-China militar
y relations. Main article: Special Service Group Special Service Group (SSG) is
an independent commando division of the Pakistan Army. It is an elite special op
erations force similar to the United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets) a
nd the British Army s SAS. Official numbers are put at 2,100 men, in 3 Battalion
s; however the actual strength is classified.[23] It is estimated to have been i
ncreased to 4 Battalions, with the eventual formation of 2 Brigades of Special F
orces (6 Battalions). Women and minorities in the Army Women have served in the
Pakistan Army since its foundation. Currently, there is a sizable number of Wome
n serving in the army. Most women are recruited in the regular Army to perform m
edical and educational work. There is also a Women s Guard section of Pakistan s
 National Guard where women are trained in nursing, welfare and clerical work an
d there are also women recruited in very limited numbers for the Janbaz Force. O
nly recently has Pakistan began to recruit women for combat positions and the El
ite Anti-Terrorist Force In 2007, several female graduates were nominated to be
Sky Marshalls for Pakistan based airlines.[24] In addition recently eight of the
41 cadets from the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul became the first women gu
ards of honour.[25] Pakistan is the only country in the Islamic world to have fe
male Major Generals in the Army.[26] Recruitment is nationwide and the army atte
mpts to maintain an ethnic balance but most enlisted recruits, as in British tim
es, come from a few districts in northern Punjab Province and the adjacent Azad
Jammu and Kashmir and the North West Frontier Province. Pakistan s Officer Corps
are also mostly from Punjab and the North West Frontier Province and of middle-
class, rural backgrounds.[citation needed] Minorities in Pakistan are allowed to
sit in all examinations, including the one conducted by Inter Services Selectio
n Board however the proportion of religious minorities in the Pakistan army is s
till considerably very less. As per day only one sixth is in the Pakistan Army.
The army sees itself as a national institution although not many minorities have
seen high ranks.[27] Relief operations and economic development In times of nat
ural disaster, such as the great floods of 1992 or the October 2005 devastating
earthquake, army engineers, medical and logistics personnel, and the armed force
s played a major role in bringing relief and supplies. The army also engaged in
extensive economic activities. Most of these enterprises, such as stud and dairy
farms, were for the army s own use, but others performed functions beneficial t
o the local civilian economy. Army factories produced such goods as sugar, ferti
lizer, and brass castings and sold them to civilian consumers.[28] Several army
organizations performed functions that were important to the civilian sector acr
oss the country. For example, the National Logistics Cell was responsible for tr
ucking food and other goods across the country; the Frontier Works Organization
built the Karakoram Highway to China; and the Special Communication Organization
maintained communications networks in remote parts of Pakistan. Pakistan Army i
s involved in relief activities not only in Pakistan but also in many other coun
tries of the world, like they went for relief activities after Bangladesh was re
cently hit by floods. The Pak Army also went to Indonesia, Bangladesh and Sri La
nka after they were hit by tsunami. Pakistan Army and Navy sent ships and helico
pters to the friendly nations for the tsunami relief operation. 2009 Refugee cri
sis Main article: 2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan Weapons and equipment Small ar
ms The Heckler & Koch G3 is the Pakistan Army s standard assault rifle, shown he
re is the G3A3 model.
Weapon Comments Handguns Tokarev pistol HK P7 Glock 17 Glock 26 Steyr M9A1 Recen
tly acquired by the SSW. Sub-machine guns (SMG) and carbines: Heckler & Koch MP5
SMG Manufactured by POF. Heckler & Koch MP5K Also in use by Airport Security Fo
rce and personal security detail of VIPs, manufactured by POF. SMG FN P90 SMG As
sault rifles AK-101 AK-103 FN F2000 M4A1 carbine M16 Steyr AUG Battle rifles Hec
kler & Koch G3 The PA s service rifle. G3A3, G3P4 variants in service. Type 56 C
hinese-manufactured AK-47.[29] Type 81 Improved version of Type 56. Grenades M67
grenade Sniper rifles M82 Barret [29] Steyr SSG 69 [29] HK PSG1 Machine guns MG
3 Manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories[30] FN MAG FN Minimi
Para RPD Grenade launchers RPG-7 Manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnanc
e Factories Type 69 RPG RPG-29 Mk 19 grenade launcher Carl Gustav recoilless rif
le Armour inventory Firm umber in Vehicle/System/Aircraft Status Service Al Khal
id Main Battle Tank ~220 In Service. 320 Delivered by Ukraine between 1997 and T
-80UD Main Battle Tank 320 early 2002.[31] Type 85IIAP Main Battle Tank 300 In S
ervice. Being phased out Al-Zarar Tank Main Battle Tank 350 Currently under prod
uction Type 79IIAP 250 Being phased out by Al Khalid Type 69 150 Being phased ou
t by Al Khalid Type 63 ??? Amphibious tank Type 59 500 Being phased out by Al Za
rrar & Al Khalid II Hamza Infantry Fighting Vehicle ??? Being procured Al-Fahd I
nfantry fighting vehicle 140 In Service Talha Armoured Personnel Carrier 400+ Fi
nal number to be around 2,000 Sa ad Armoured Personnel Carrier ??? Currently in
production M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier 1100+ In Service BTR-70 Armoured Pers
onnel Carrier 160 In Service [32] Mohafiz Light Armoured Personnel Carrier ??? I
n Service & Additional APCs being procured Otokar Akrep Light Jeep 1260 In Servi
ce
Al Qaswa Logistical Vehicle ?? Being procured M88 ARV Armoured Recovery Vehicle
??? In Service M60A1 AVLB Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge ??? In Service M48 Ar
moured Vehicle Launched Bridge Armoured Vehicle ??? In Service Launched Bridge A
rtillery inventory Vehicle/System/Aircraft Firm umber in Service Status M109A5 1
55 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 265 115 Ordered along with 150 A5 upgrade kits M11
0A2 203 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 60 In Service[33] Type 56 85 mm Towed Artille
ry 200 In Service M-56 105 mm Towed Artillery 80 In Service M101 105 mm Towed Ar
tillery 300 In Service T-60 122 mm Towed Artillery 200 In Service Type 54 122 mm
Towed Artillery 400 In Service Type 59I 130 mm Towed Artillery 200 In Service M
-59 155 mm Towed Artillery 30 In Service M114 155 mm Towed Artillery 60 In Servi
ce M-198 155 mm Towed Artillery 120 In Service M-115 203 mm Towed Artillery 40 I
n Service Panter Howitzer Towed Artillery 12 Produced by Turkey Aircraft invento
ry Vehicle/System/Aircraft Role Quantity Comments AH-1S Cobra Attack helicopter
~18 [34] AH-1F Cobra Attack helicopter ~20 [35] Aérospatiale Puma Transport heli
copter 30 Mil Mi-17 Transport helicopter 30 30 in service as of November 2004.[3
6] [37] Bell 206 Jet Ranger Utility helicopter 15 Bell 407 Utility helicopter 45
[38] Bell 412 Utility helicopter 25 Bell UH-1 Huey Utility helicopter 10 Euroco
pter AS-550 Utility helicopter 50 Aérospatiale Alouette III Utility helicopter 4
0 Being phased out. Aérospatiale SA-315B Lama Utility helicopter 40 Being phased
out. Anti-tank missiles Anti-tank • Bakter-Shikan ATGM • BGM-71 TOW • BGM-71 TO
W 2 [39] • MILAN [40] Air defence systems Man-portable air defence systems • Anz
a Mk I, Anza Mk II, Anza Mk III (MANPAD) • SA-7 Grail • General Dynamics FIM-92
Stinger • General Dynamics FIM-43 Redeye • Bofors RBS-70 Medium range air defenc
e systems Bofors RBS-23 BAMSE High altitude air defence systems HQ-2B Anti-aircr
aft guns • Oerlikon 35 mm twin-barrel cannon • Bofors 40 mm cannon
Missiles in Service of Pakistan Intermediate Range Ghauri-III*
Shaheen-III* Su
rface-to-Surface Ballistic Missiles Medium Range Ghauri-I
Ghauri-II
Shaheen-
II
Short Range Land Attack Babur Cruise Missiles Anti-Ship Anti-Tank Missiles Torpe
does Land Attack Cruise Missiles Anti-Ship
Hatf-I
Abdali
Ghaznavi
Shaheen-I
M-11
C-802
C-803
Exocet
AGM-84 Harpoon
C-201
C-801
Baktar-Shikan
BGM-71 TOW
MILAN
Cobra 2000 Mk-46
ET-52C
F17P Mod 2
Tp
43X2
A244-S
SUT Mod 2
ECAN L5 Mod 3
ASROC
VL-ASROC Babur
Ra ad
AS
-30L
AGM-65 Maverick C-802
C-803
Exocet
AGM-84 Harpoon
Anti-Radiation AGM-88 HARM
AGM-45 Shrike
MAR-1 Air-to-Surface Anti-Tank Miss
iles Baktar-Shikan
BGM-71 TOW Glide Bombs H-2
H-4
Mk-46
A244-S
ET-52C Torpedoes Medium Range Area Defence SAMs Surface-to-Air
Short Range Point Defence SAMs Man Portable SAMs Beyond Visual Range AAMs Air-to
-Air Within Visual Range AAMs
HQ-2B (S-75)
RIM-66 SM-1MR Crotale
MBDA Spada 2000
LY-60N
FM-90
Anza
FIM-92 Stinger
FIM-43 Redeye
RBS 70
Mistral SD-10
AIM-120 AMRAAM
PL-5
PL-9
AIM-9 Sidewinder
AIM-7 Sparrow
Matra R550 Magic
Matra R530

Matra Super 530 * = Under Development References available on template page
Future plans Throughout the International Defence Exhibition & Seminar (IDEAS) a
t Karachi in November 2006, Pakistani firms have signed joint development, produ
ction and marketing agreements with defence firms from South Korea, France and U
kraine. These agreements include new reactive armour bricks, 155 mm artillery sh
ells, and other developments in armour and land weaponry. These agreements all r
elate to the Pakistan Army s AFFDP-2019 modernization program of its armour, art
illery and infantry.[citation needed] A few months prior to IDEAS 2006, the Paki
stan Army and Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) announced the development of the Al
Khalid II Main Battle Tank (MBT). The Al Khalid II is poised to become the Pakis
tan Army s backbone main battle tank from 2012; thus replacing 1200 obsolete Chi
nese T-59 and 300 T-85IIAP. Not much is known about this tank, but it is reporte
d that the Al Khalid II is a very extensive upgrade of the current Al Khalid. Ot
her reports suggest that it will be an entirely new tank based on Western design
s. Turkish press reported that a Pakistani armour firm will participate in the T
urkey s new generation tank project. Turkey and Pakistan have signed many memora
ndums of understanding in various defence-related fields. Given that many Pakist
ani firms have signed joint agreements with Western firms, it is possible that a
considerable part of the Al Khalid II s design will be influenced from the Turk
ish tank design. Nonetheless, the new generation tank is expected to form the ba
ckbone of the Pakistan Army s tank force; in the long-term.[citation needed] The
Pakistan Army will standardize its artillery capability to 155 mm by 2019. This
can be seen by the acquisition of 115 M109A5 self-propelled howitzers from the
United States, and joint production deals of 155 mm shells with French and South
Korean firms. It is expected that the army will procure a range of light, mediu
m and heavy towed and self-propelled howitzer artillery from China, Europe and t
he United States. These will replace all non155 mm and older systems. The Army r
eportedly ordered and procured an undisclosed number of WS-1B Multiple Launch Ro
cket Systems (MLRS). As part of the artillery modernization program, the Army wi
ll likely procure a fair number of new MLRS systems of various ranges and shell
sizes.[citation needed] Modernization of the Army Aviation is underway with the
procurement of new transport and attack helicopters from the United States, Russ
ia and Europe. Finalized acquisitions include 26 Bell 412EP and at least a dozen
Mi-17 medium-lift transport helicopters from the U.S and Russia, respectively.
Forty Bell 407 and an unknown number of Fennec light helicopters from the U.S. a
nd Eurocopter have also been ordered, respectively. Plans are underway to begin
replacing the IAR 330 Puma, older Mil Mi-8/17, Bell Jet Rangers and older Huey h
elicopters; options include the Eurocopter NH-90 Tactical Transport Helicopter a
nd UH-60M Blackhawk. The Pakistan Army has procured dozens of excess AH-1 Cobra
attack helicopters since 2002; at least 20 have been brought into service to sup
plement the serving 18. These gunships are expected to add muscle to current cou
nterterrorist support operations in NWFP.The army reportedly has upgraded its en
tire fleet with AH-1Z King Cobra avionics and new weapon systems such as the TOW
-2 and Hellfire missiles. Up to 30 new-generation attack helicopters will be pro
cured to further enhance the Army s attack aviation arm; options include the Eur
ocopter Tiger, South African AH-2 Rooivalk and Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow.
See also Military of Pakistan Pakistan Air Force Pakistan Navy Pakistan and weap
ons of mass destruction Related lists List of serving generals of the Pakistan A
rmy otes 1. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/may/31/books.pakistan 2. ^ Ge
neral Mirza Aslam Beg. 50 Years of Pakistan Army: A Journey into Professionalism
, Pakistan Observer, 21 August, 1997. 3. ^ Iftikhar A. Khan. "Kayani shakes up a
rmy command" Dawn, 30 September, 2008 4. ^ http://www.defence.pk/forums/land-for
ces/21550-pakistan-army.html Talbot, Ian. "Pakistan: A Modern History". http://w
ww.amazon.com/gp/product/1403964599/sr=15. ^ 1/qid=1145365021/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-6
819605-8875151?%5Fencoding=UTF8&s=books. Retrieved 2006-04-10. 6. ^ http://www.d
efencejournal.com/2000/nov/pak-army.htm 7. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/01/w
orld/asia/01pstan.html?ref=world 8. ^ http://ejang.jang.com.pk/7-30-2009/page5.a
sp 9. ^ http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/jul2009-daily/30-07-2009/col5.htm 10. ^ LAND
, GOLD & WOMEN 11. ^ Pakistan, land, gold, women 12. ^ Khalid, Shazia; Zainab Ma
hmood and Maryam Maruf (26 September, 2005). "Shazia Khalid and the fight for ju
stice in Pakistan" (PDF). www.opendemocracy.net. openDemocracy. http://www.opend
emocracy.net/node/2868/pdf. Retrieved 26 September 2009. 13. ^ Raped doctor: I m
still terrified, BBC, June 29, 2005. 14. ^ I’m still terrified: Dr Shazia 15. ^
Musharraf’s Rape Cover-Up 16. ^ http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/ar
ena.htm 17. ^ http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/16pak3.htm 18. ^ http://www.th
enews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=23103 19. ^ http://www.paklinks.com/gs/mili
tary-strategic-issues/249384-who-ruling-poor-nation-pakistan-army-genrals.html 2
0. ^ Siddiqa, Ayesha. "Military Inc. Inside Pakistan s Military Economy" Karachi
: Oxford University Press(2007). 21. ^ Pakistan Defence Forum 22. ^ BBC: Pakista
n pilots get bravery award 23. ^ "Special Service Group (Army)". PakDef. http://
www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/regiments/ssg.html. 24. ^ "" Pakistan Female Sk
y Marshalls"". http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2144140.stm. Retrieve
d 2007-01-21. 25. ^ "" Pakistan Female honour guards"". http://www.ibnlive.com/n
ews/pak-army-soon-have-women-officers/29471-2.html. Retrieved 2007-01-21. 26. ^
"" Pakistan is the only country in the Islamic world to have women Major General
s "". http://zahranaqvi.wordpress.com/2007/03/08/international-women%E2%80%99s-d
ay-and-pakistan/. Retrieved 2007-0416. 27. ^ ""Ahmadis in Pakistan army"". http:
//www.dawn.com/2006/04/22/nat8.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-21. 28. ^ http://www.globa
lsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/army.htm 29. ^ a b c http://www.pakdef.inf
o/pakmilitary/army/regiments/ssg.html 30. ^ http://www.pof.gov.pk/products/mg3.h
tm 31. ^ [1] 32. ^ http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/tanks/btr70.html 33.
^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/army-equipment.htm 34. ^
http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?167823 35. ^ http://www.globalsecuri
ty.org/military/world/pakistan/army-aviation-aircraft.htm 36. ^ http://www.fligh
tglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-09%20-%202372.html 37. ^ http://www.global
security.org/military/world/pakistan/army-aviation-aircraft.htm 38. ^ http://www
.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007\10\23\story_23-10-2007_pg1_8 39. ^ http
://www.spacewar.com/reports/Foreign_Military_Sale_Pakistan___TOW_2A_Anti_Armor_G
uided_Missiles_999.html 40. ^ http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/atgm/milan
.html References • Cloughley, Brian. A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and In
surrections, 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-019547
3346. Further reading • Ayub, Muhammad. An Army, Its Role and Rule: A History of
the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil, 1947–1999. Pittsburgh, Pennsylva
nia: Rosedog Books. ISBN 0-8059-9594-3. • Cloughley, Brian. "War, Coups and Terr
or - Pakistan s Army in Years of Turmoil" (from 1972 to 2008). UK, Pen & Sword B
ooks. ISBN 184415795-4. • Siddiqa, Ayesha. "Military Inc. Inside Pakistan s Mili
tary Economy" Karachi: Oxford University Press(2007). ISBN 978-019-547495-4 Exte
rnal links Official websites
• • • •
Official website of Pakistan Army launched on 6 April 2009 Official website of I
nter Services Public Relations (ISPR) Official website of International Defence
Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS) Web resources • PakDef.info - Pakistan Military C
onsortium • GlobalSecurity.org • defence.pk - Pakistan Defence • xAirForces.net
• • •
Pakistani Soldiers carry tents away from a U.S. CH-47 Chinook helicopter October
19, 2005
Al Khalid MBT T-155 FIRTINA SP ARTY M109 SP Howitzer
Panther Towed Howitzer - The M115 Howitzer - A M60AVLB
The M4A1 with SOPMOD package, including Rail Interface System (RIS) and Trijicon
ACOG 4x.
M109A6 "Paladin" firing at night. Two Pakistan Army AH-1S Cobras at AVN Base,Mul
tan
A Pakistan Army soldier deployed during an exercise and armed with the Heckler &
Koch G3, the PA s standard assault rifle. A PA Mi-17 at Skardu Pakistan Army tr
oops wearing the standard sand fatigue uniform lead the Joint Services Parade in
2005.
Rahimuddin Khan (pictured here as Lieutenant-General in 1983) was PMA s premier
commissioned officer following Partition in 1947 Pakistan Military Academy Passi
ng out Parade
Army Equipment - Introduction
The lack of equipment at the time of independence presented great problems. Most
of the depots and virtually all of the military production facilities were loca
ted in areas that became India, which was less than forthcoming in handing over
the share of military matériel that was due Pakistan under the partition agreeme
nt. Pakistan received little or nothing in the way of ships and only two of the
ten squadrons of the former Royal Indian Air Force. Pakistani military historian
Fazl Muqeem Khan records: "It is no exaggeration to say that for its first few
months the infant state of Pakistan was without an organized army." In the sprin
g of 1965, Pakistani tanks (received from the United States as part of its milit
ary as-sistance program) intruded into Indian territory in the Rann of Kutch. Th
e memoirs of senior Pakistani officers reveal that the deploymentof American-sup
plied armour inKutch had two objectives. The first was to entice Indian armour a
way from northern India, wherean attack on Kashmir wasplanned for later in the y
ear, and the second was to see how strongly the UnitedStates would protest Pakis
tan’s use of tanks it had provided, in clear violation of Pakistan’s commitment.
The United States did protest, but it was ignored. The Pakistani Army itself cr
ossed the international border into Kashmir on 1 September 1965. The Indian AirF
orce halted the Pakistani tank columns despite fierce battles overhead between t
he two air forces. Pursuant to India’s clear warning to Pakistan, given yearsear
lier and often repeated thereafter, that “crossing the international border woul
d invite strong retaliation,”the Indian Army launched a counterattack on 6 Septe
mber and advanced toward Lahore, in the Punjab. In response, the Pakistani land
forces withdrew from Kashmir and headed for the Punjab. Land and air battles con
tinued until a cease-fire was declared on 23 September 1965. The 23-day war in S
eptember 1965, a short but bloody affair, resulted in one of the largest tank ba
ttles since World War II. The fighting was not contained in Jammu and Kashmir, s
cene of the 1947-48 strife, but also reached Punjab, which was farther south. Th
e Indian artillery defended the northern sector and also supported the advance o
f the Indian Army into Pakistani territory. At the Ichhogil Canal near Kasur, th
e Indian artillery had a devastating effect on the Pakistanis. Indian troops des
troyed countless Pakistani tanks and inflicted heavy casualties at Usal Uttar. T
he Indian Army used antitank weapons, armor, and artillery with uncanny accuracy
and isolated the enemy infantry from their M48 tanks, which allowed the M48 tan
ks to be picked off at will. The Pakistani counteroffensive was stopped in its t
racks, and the fighting soon ceased. India emerged from the war with smaller los
ses of military equipment and personnel than Pakistan. Exact loss figures have n
ever been made public, but both countries probnbly lost a third of their tanks.
Although Pakistan was perceived by India as a threat, a decade of poor economic
performance and the US arms embargo degraded the army and air force. While the a
rmy had expanded by five infantry divisions, manpower increased by only 40,000.
Most of the 2,300+ tanks were obsolescent, with the exception of 300 modern T-80
UDs manufactured by Ukraine, and mechanized forces had older M-113 armored perso
nnel carriers. Heavy forces appeared incapable of sustained offensive action. Th
e army lacked adequate medium altitude air defense systems and helicopters and h
ad experienced difficulty in acquiring equipment from any source. In the new cen
tury, Pakistan s tank inventory, while somewhat smaller than India s, had been m
uch better maintained and upgraded over the years. The Taxila facility, built wi
th Chinese aid, can undertake any level of modernization and retrofit of existin
g tanks as well as the assembly and manufacture of new production tanks and comp
onents. Pakistan s Type 59 (licensed T-54) represents the country s largest sing
le tank type, and has been the focus of a major and comprehensive modernization
and retrofit effort. On 26 Feb 2004, the Pakistan Army received the first consig
nment of eighty Al-Zarar tanks upgraded from the old T-59 Chinese origin tank. T
he upgrade was completed at Heavy Industries Taxila. The Al-Zarar features a 125
mm smooth bore main gun and is capable of all-weather day and night operations.
Similar upgrades for the Type 69-IIMP have made these tanks fully battleworthy.
The Type 85-IIAP, one of two tanks being manufactured, is a modern design that i
s well maintained and ready for combat. The equipment holdings of the Pakistan A
rmy are poorly characterized in the open literature. In 1994 major weapons were
reported to include nearly 2,000 tanks (mainly Chinese but also 120 M-47s and 28
0 M-48A5s of United States origin), 820 M-113 armored personnel carriers, 1,566
towed artillery pieces, 240 self-propelled artillery pieces, 45 multiple rocket
launchers, 725 mortars, 800 Cobra, TOW, and Green Arrow antitank guided weapons,
eighteen Hatf surface-to-surface missiles, 2,000 air defense guns, and 350 Stin
ger and Redeye missiles and 500 Anza surface-to-air missiles. The army s combat
aircraft inventory consisted of twenty AH-1F airplanes equipped with TOW missile
s. As of early 2002 Pakistan was estimated to have between 2,300 and 2,800 tanks
. In the absence of signficant changes in force structure over the intervening p
eriod, the lower estimate of somewhat more than 2,000 tanks seems rather more pl
ausible than the higher estimate. Since the turn of the century IISS had been ra
ther consistently estimating about 2,450 tanks, of which over 250 were known fro
m other sources to be in storage. Wikipedia claimed as of 14 February 2009 that
Pakistan had a total of some 3250 tanks. But these estimates are clearly far to
high, since they evidently count has currently on hand the full production run o
f all 600 Al-Khalid MBTs, when only a fraction of this number are known to have
been produced. Other such defects could be enumerated. And one 2009 account clai
ms that "Pakistan’s tank armory comprises: five hundred Al-Khalid MBT’s; 320 Al-
Zarrar type 85 II MBT’s, 500 Al-Zarrar MBT’s; 450 79II AP (Chinese type 81 upgra
de, and 570 T-80 UD MBT of Ukranian make. In addition, Pakistan has 880 Type 59,
which were procured from China in 1970. This makes a total of three thousand si
x hundred and twenty tanks." But the "authoritative" Military Balance published
early each year by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studie
s seems equally unhelpful. Since the turn of the century, year after year the sa
me numbers are republished. This cannot be the case. It is evident that over thi
s period the Navy and Air Force of Pakistan have embarked on quite substantial a
rms buildup efforts, and it begars the imagination to believe that the Pakistan
Army, surely the single most powerful institution in the entire country, has not
followed suit. Andecdotal accounts by apparently well informed sources speak of
the Al-Khalid MBT having entered serial production around 2004, and yet the Mil
itary Balance teaches that no more than the initial batch delivered that year ha
ve entered service. On 13 February 2009 Internews reported that the Standing Com
mittee on Defence Production of Pakistan’s National Assembly had been informed t
hat the Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) had so far handed over 570 state-of-the-ar
t tanks to the army. Briefing the committee members headed by Sheikh Aftab Ahmed
during their visit to the HIT, Chairman Lt General Ayyaz Rana said the HIT will
hand over 30 more tanks to the army by middle of this year. The HIT chairman sa
id with the handing over of the 30 tanks, the project of manufacturing 600 Al-Kh
alid and Al-Zarrar battle tanks for the army will be completed. It was speculate
d that the breakdown between the two was 50 % - 50 % ( 300 - 300 ). But this rep
ort conflicts with previous reports that Pakistan planned to build a total of 40
0 Al-Zarrar and 600 Al-Khalid tanks for its armed forces.
WikiMedia Al-Khalid MBT-2000 600
riazhaq 500
defence.pk 220
IISS 45
Global Security .org 220
otes 2004 = 90 on hand 2004 = 50 / year 2005-06 = 45 2008 = ~300 upper l
imit IISS clearly understates total defence.pk seems about right others clearly
way too high 320 Delivered 1997-2002. 250 more ordered in 2002. riazhaq assu
mes these were delivered, but they were not. WikiMedia way too high IISS estimat
e of 400 splits the differences between other sources 1990 = 1300 total by IIS
S estimate 80 Al-Zarar delivered 2004 44 Al-Zarar upgrades 2005-06 400 Al-
Zarar planned WikiMedia & riazhaq claim that all remain in service, with 500 u
pgraded to Al-Zarar IISS makes no report on AlZarrar defence.pk claims 600 t
otal includes Al-Zarar IISS number is impossibly precise, and this old warhorse
has surely been put out to pasture by now Most sources ignore this elderly "stor
ed" equipment riazhaq text provides two different totals, and the listing adds
up to a third, intermediate, total WikiMedia total is roughly equal to the ri
azhaq intermediate total, since their numbers are the same except for transposin
g the T-80UD and Type 85-IIAP numbers. defence.pk is clearly too low, and woul
d seem to reflect undercounting the Type 59 AlZarar conversions IISS total see
ms correct, and would be consistent with defence.pk undercounting the Type 59 Al
-Zarar conversions
T-80UD
320
570
320
320
320
Type 85-IIAP Type 69-II Type 59 Al-Zarar Type 59
500 450 500 880
320 450 500 880
300 350 ? 600
275+ 400 1100
300 400 500 500
T-54/-55
-
-
-
51
0
M48A5* TOTAL
3250
3620 3220 2295
1790
[270] 2191 +[270]
[270]
Army Equipment
SYSTEM ARMOR 1990 1850 1995 2050 2000 2285 2002 2450
Army Equipment Introduction Inventory 2005 2008 2270 2220
2010 2220
2015 2220
2020 2220
Al-Khalid MBT-2000 T-80UD Type 85-IIAP Type 69-II Type 59 Al-Zarar Type 59 T-54/
-55 M48A5* M47 M47/M48 (All Types) APC M113 Mohafiz BTR-70 / BTR-80** UR-416 TOW
ED ARTY 85mm Type 56 / D-44*** 100mm Type 59*** 105mm M101 M-56 122mm D-30**** T
ype 54 Type 60 130mm Type-59-I M-46 140mm BL 5.5in 155mm M59 M114 M198 203mm M11
5 SP ARTY 105mm M7 155mm M109 / M109A2 [USA] 203mm M110 / M110A2 [USA] MRL 122mm
MOR 81mm 82mm 107mm 120mm SSM Hatf-1 Hatf-2 Hatf-3 Hatf-4 / Shaheen 1 Hatf-5 /
Ghauri ATGW***** Cobra BGM-71 TOW Green Arrow / Baktar BM-11 Azar (Type 83) U/I
Type/s U/I Type/s M30 AM-50 M-61
+ ~1300 50 500 1000 1000 +1185 + 250 50 400 200 + + 85 100 100 215 50 125 40 + +
+ + + + ?? ?? 800 + + +
200 200 1200 50 280 120 1319 1150 169 1566 200 300 50 400 200 200 30 60 100 26 2
15 50 150 40 45 45 +725 500 + + 18 18 800 + + +
320 200 250 1200 50 250 15 1150 1150 1467 200 300 50 250 200 227 30 60 124 26 24
0 50 150 40 45 45 +725 500 + + +122 80 30 + 12 800 + 200 +
20 320 200 250 1100 50 250 15 1150 1150 1467 200 300 50 250 200 227 30 60 124 26
240 50 150 40 45 45 ~1200 + + + +122 80 30 + 12 + + 200 +
150 320 275 400 80 1000 50 [270] 1266 1100 120 46 1869 200 216 113 80 490 410 14
4 148 28 260 200 60 52 52 ~2350 + + + +166 95 50 6 15-20 10,500 + +
300 320 300 400 300 600 1266 1100 120 46 1869 200 216 113 80 490 410 144 148 28
260 200 60 52 52 +2350 + + + +166 95 50 6 15-20 +10,500 + +
400 320 300 400 400 400 1266 1100 ? 120 46 1869 200 216 113 80 490 410 144 148 2
8 260 200 60 52 52 +2350 + + + +166 95 50 6 15-20 +10,500 + +
600 320 300 400 400 200 1266 1100 ? 120 46 1869 200 216 113 80 490 410 144 148 2
8 375 315 60 52 52 +2350 + + + +166 95 50 6 15-20 +10,500 + +
600 320 300 400 400 200 1266 1100 ? 120 46 1869 200 216 113 80 490 410 144 148 2
8 376 315 60 52 52 +2350 + + + +166 95 50 6 15-20 +10,500 + +
Shikan (HJ-8) SP ATGW M901 ITV RL 73mm 89mm RCL 75mm 106mm Knout (RPG-7) M20 Typ
e 52 M40A1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +744 100 + 144 500 + 24 24 + + + + + +2000
+ 200 + + + + +850 350 + + 500 + + + 24 24 + + + + + +2000 + 200 + + + + ~1400 3
50 + + 500 + + + 24 24 + + 3700 + + +2000 + 200 + + + + ~1400 350 + 500 + + + +
+ + + + + + 3700 + + 1900 + 215 310 50 144 +2990 60 200 2500 + 230 + + + + + + +
+ + + + 3700 + + 1900 981 215 310 50 144 +2990 60 200 2500 + 230 + + + + + + +
+ + + + 3700 + + 1900 981 215 310 50 144 +2990 60 200 2500 + 230 + + + + + + + +
+ + + 3700 + + 1900 981 215 310 50 144 +2990 60 200 2500 + 230 + + + + + + + +
+ + + 3700 + + 1900 981 215 310 50 144 +2990 60 200 2500 + 230 + + + + + +
AD GU S 14.5mm U/I Type/s 35mm GDF-002 / GDF-005 37mm Type 55 / Type 65 40mm M1
L/60 57mm S-60 Type 59 SAM FIM-92A Redeye RBS-70 Anza Mk 1/Mk 2 HN-5A Mistral SU
RV RASIT (veh. arty) AN/TPQ-36 (arty, mor) UAV Bravo Jasoos Vector
otes * - Totals for M48A5s after 2002 indicate vehicles in storage and not in ac
tive service. ** - 1995 total indicates 169 BTR-70 vehicles assigned to Pakistan
i forces as part of UNPROFOR according to IISS Military Balance. *** - These wea
pons were designed as anti-tank guns, but can also be used in the indirect fire
role. **** - The IISS Military Balance lists these as of People s Republic of Ch
ina origin. ***** - The difference in IISS Military Balance totals for ATGWs is
likely based on a shift after 2002 from reporting numbers of individual launcher
s to reporting total missiles in inventory. Sources: IISS The Military Balance
UN PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
United ations Operation in Congo (MO UC) United ations Security Force in ew Guin
ea , West Irian (U SF) United ations Yemen Observer Mission (U YOM) United ation
s Transition Assistance Group in amibia (U TAG) United ations Iraq-Kuwait Observ
er Mission (U IKOM) United ations Mission for Referendum in Western Sahara (MI U
RSO) United ations Transitional Authority on Cambodia (U TAC) United ations Oper
ations in Somalia (U OSOM, U ITAF, U OSOM II) United ations Protection Force in
Bosnia (U OROFOR) United ations Mission in Haiti (U MIH) United ations Observer
Mission in Georgia (U OMIG) United ations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (U AMIR)
United ations Angola Verification Mission (U AVEM) United ations Transitional A
dministration for Eastern Slovenia (U TAES) United ations Transitional Administr
ation in East Timor (U TAET) United ations Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (U
AMSIL) United ation Mission in Liberia (U MIL) United ations Mission in Kosovo
United ation Observer Mission in Liberia (U OMIL) United ations Observer Mission
in Burundi (O UB) Tribute to Pakistani Peace Keepers Roll of Honours
United ations Operation in Congo (MO UC) Background United Nation forces compris
ing contingents of 29 countries were sent to Congo in 1960 to restore legitimate
government, which had been overthrown through a coup d’etat. Pakistan provided
logistic support during movement of troops to and from Congo and inland movement
to the United Nation troops. Pakistan Army Supply Corps (ASC) organized the who
le operation in a meticulous manner. It continued uninterrupted from 1960 to 196
4 with four Independent Army Supply Corps companies, each consisting of about 10
0 personnel. The movement control entailed move through sea, air, rail, riverian
and road transport.A systematic organization was created to ensure foolproof ad
ministrative arrangements for transportation of troops, weapons, equipment, stor
es and rations throughout Congo in unfriendly environments. Pakistani troops thu
s performed the assigned task with professional skill and devotion which earned
them applause across the world. First Mission Duration 31 August 1960 to May 196
4. Contribution Ordnance and Transport units, Staff Personnel. Second Mission Lo
cation Democratic Republic of Congo Headquarters Kinshasa. DurationAugust 2003 -
to date. Participation Pakistan provided a Battalion Group comprising one infan
try battalion and supporting elements
Force in ew Guinea, West Irian (U SF) 3 October 1962 – 30 April 1963 1500 Infant
ry troops comprising 2x Infantry Battalions It was agreed between comity of nati
ons that Holland will hand over control of West Irian to the United Nation by 1
October 1962 , prior to its take over by Indonesia for subsequent plebiscite. It
was a matter of great honour that Pakistan was asked to undertake the exclusive
responsibility of establishing United Nation Temporary Executive Authority in m
aintaining law and order in this part of the world, until it was handed over to
Indonesia in the following year. This being a challenging task, not only envisag
ed stalling an impending war between Holland and Indonesia , but also sought pro
jection of the United Nation as a peace broker. In the circumstances, when the w
orld was focusing its eyes on the UNSF, the Pakistani composite force comprising
14 Punjab Regiment, two companies of 18 Punjab Regiment and supporting elements
, disembarked on the coast of Sorong after completing 6000 miles sea voyage on 8
October 1962 . The responsibility of this contingent stretched over hundreds of
miles. In order to accomplish the assigned mission the companies were deployed
at Merauke, Fak Fak, Sorong and Kaimana. The Battalion Headquarters were positio
ned at Biak . Pakistani troops effectively prevented skirmishes between Papuans
and Indonesian troops. On one such occasion our troops rushed swiftly to Kaimana
area on 14 January 1963 , to avoid a bloody conflict and brought the situation
under control. In another incident, Pakistani troops (a company strength) were m
oved to Monokwari by air in response to a distress signal to restore law and ord
er situation threatened by Papuan volunteer Corps. On reaching the spot, it reve
aled that 350 PVK troops were in a mutinous mood at the Arfak Camp. Pakistani pe
ace keepers restored the situation very tactfully without spilling a single drop
of blood. The Pakistani contingent ensured smooth withdrawal of Dutch troops wi
thout any ensuing battles with the Indonesian Army. It also helped Indonesian tr
oops in taking over the control swiftly in a conducive atmosphere. The performan
ce of Pakistani troops was admired by President Soekarno who said, “ It was beca
use of Pakistani troops that Indonesia and Pakistan came so close together, they
were Pakistan s best ambassadors” . In a rare acknowledgement of good job done
, Chinese Premier Chou-En-Lai remarked, “The only example in United Nation s his
tory, when a United Nation military force had gone in, performed its role honest
ly and came out, was Pakistan s military contingent to Indonesia” . The control
of West Irian was handed over to Indonesia on 1 May 1963 and Pakistani contingen
t started their return journey the same day amidst enthusiastic slogans and chee
rs of Indonesian people United ations Yemen Observer Mission (U YOM) January 19
64 – September 1964 In 1972, the governments of the PDRY and the YAR declared th
at they approved a future union. Little progress was made toward unification, an
d relations were often strained. In 1979, simmering tensions led to fighting, wh
ich was only resolved after Arab League mediation. The goal of unity was reaffir
med by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwai
t in March 1979. that same year the PDRY began sponsoring an insurgency against
the YAR. In April 1980, PDRY President Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went int
o exile. His successor, Ali Nasir Muhammad, took a less interventionist stance t
oward both the YAR and neighboring Oman . On January 13, 1986 , a violent fight
began in Aden between Ali Nasir Muhammad and the returned Abdul Fattah Ismail an
d their supporters. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousa
nds of casualties, Ali Nasir s ouster, and Ismail s death. Some 60,000 persons,
including Ali Nasir and his supporters, fled to the YAR In November 1989, the le
aders of the YAR (Ali Abdallah Saleh) and the PDRY (Ali Salim Al-Bidh) agreed on
a draft unity constitution originally drawn up in 1981. The Republic of Yemen (
ROY) was declared on May 22, 1990 . Ali Abdallah Saleh became President, and Ali
Salim Al-Bidh became Vice President. In 1994, amendments to the unity constitut
ion eliminated the presidential council. President Ali Abdallah Saleh was electe
d by Parliament on October 1, 1994 to a 5-year term. The constitution provides t
hat henceforth the President will be elected by popular vote from at least two c
andidates selected by the legislature. Yemen held its first direct presidential
elections in September 1999, electing President Ali Abdallah Saleh to a 5-year t
erm in what were generally considered free and fair elections. Yemen held its se
cond multiparty parliamentary elections in April 1997. In April 2003, the third
multiparty parliamentary elections were held with improvements in voter registra
tion for both men and women and in a generally free and fair atmosphere. Two wom
en were elected. Constitutional amendments adopted in the summer of 2000 extende
d the presidential term by 2 years, thus moving the next presidential elections
to 2006. The amendments also extended the parliamentary term of office to a 6-ye
ar term, thus moving elections for these seats to 2003. On February 20, 2001 , a
new constitutional amendment created a bicameral legislature consisting of a Sh
ura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of Repre
sentatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote).June 2000 treaty delimit
ed the boundary with Saudi Arabia , but final demarcation requires adjustments b
ased on tribal considerations. United ations Transition Assistance Group in amib
ia (U TAG) 1 April 1989 – 21 March 1990 20x Military Observer U TAG was establis
hed to assist the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to ensure the
early independence of Namibia through free and fair elections under the supervis
ion and control of the United Nations, and to carry out a number of other duties
. United ations Iraq-Kuwait Observer Mission (U IKOM) April 1991 to 2003In the a
ftermath of the 1991 Gulf war Kuwait found itself confronted with colossal post-
war problems. They included the reclamation of the entire land of Kuwait which h
ad been turned into a battlefield by Iraq and the Allied Forces. Almost the whol
e territory was infested with lethal mines, huge stockpiles of ammunition and ex
plosives and vast dugouts, which made the normal use of land impossible. Pakista
n , with its long tradition and considerable experience of assisting friendly na
tions in need of international help, offered its services for the reclamation of
the devastated land. Finally the job was separately entrusted to Pakistan and s
ix other countries. Pakistan was assigned the most difficult area in the north o
f Kuwait city. It was spread over 3000 square kilometers. Subsequently reclamati
on of Bubiyan Island also was entrusted to Pakistan . The operation was carried
out by a task force of Pakistan Army Engineers belonging to Frontier Works Organ
ization. The professionalism and dedication displayed by this force elicited pra
ise at international level. Not Pakistan , with its long tradition and considera
ble experience of assisting friendly nations in need of international help, offe
red its services for the reclamation of the devastated land. Finally the job was
separately entrusted to Pakistan and six other countries. Pakistan was assigned
the most difficult area in the north of Kuwait city. It was spread over 3000 sq
uare kilometers. Subsequently reclamation of Bubiyan Island also was entrusted t
o PakistanThe operation was carried out by a task force of Pakistan Army Enginee
rs belonging to Frontier Works only did experts from different countries who vis
ited Kuwait during the reclamation process appreciate the quality of work of the
dedicated Pakistanis but professionals of other countries carrying out similar
task in adjoining sectors also expressed admiration for the high standards of th
oroughness and safety that they maintained Task Force Kuwait 9 December 1991 28
October 1993 Engineering battalions for mine-clearing operations in Kuwait Offic
ers 38
Junior Commissioned Officers Other Ranks Civilians Total
37 985 76 1136
Thanks to their zeal and enthusiasm the Pakistanis, despite inclement weather an
d submergence of Bubiyan Island in water, completed the job in record time to th
e satisfaction of the Kuwait government. In this way they, in keeping with a wel
l-established Pakistani tradition, played a vital role in the process of speedy
recovery of a friendly country from the ravages of war United ations Operations
in Somalia(U OSOM,U ITAF,U OSOM II) UNOSOM I April 1992 – March 1993. One Infant
ry Battalion (750 all ranks) - 7 Frontier Force. UNOSOM II March 1993 – March 19
95 Infantry Brigade Group comprising Brigade Headquarter, 1x armour unit, 9x Inf
antry units. 7200 all Ranks Staff Members - 90 Fatalities - 39 UNOSOM I was esta
blished to monitor the ceasefire in Mogadishu and escort deliveries of humanitar
ian supplies to distribution centres in the city. The mission s mandate and stre
ngth were later enlarged to enable it to protect humanitarian convoys and distri
bution centres throughout Somalia. It later worked with the Unified Task Force i
n the effort to establish a safe environment for the delivery of humanitarian as
sistance. Established to monitor the cease-fire in Mogadishu, the capital of Som
alia, and to provide protection and security for United Nations personnel, equip
ment and supplies at the seaports and airports in Mogadishu and escort deliverie
s of humanitarian supplies from there to distribution centres in the city and it
s immediate environs. In August 1992, UNOSOM I s mandate and strength were enlar
ged to enable it to protect humanitarian convoys and distribution centres throug
hout Somalia. In December 1992, after the situation in Somalia further deteriora
ted, the Security Council authorized Member States to form the Unified Task Forc
e (UNITAF) to establish a safe environment for the delivery of humanitarian assi
stance. UNITAF worked in coordination with UNOSOM I to secure major population c
entres and ensure that humanitarian assistance was delivered and distributed. UN
OSOM II was established in March 1993 to take appropriate action, including enfo
rcement measures, to establish throughout Somalia a secure environment for human
itarian assistance. To that end, UNOSOM II was to complete, through disarmament
and reconciliation, the task begun by the Unified Task Force for the restoration
of peace, stability, law and order. UNOSOM II was withdrawn in early March 1995
. In 1992 Somali Democratic Republic, ravaged by a tragic civil war, lay in ruin
s. With armed bandits left free to loot, kill and create terror in the absence o
f any governmental authority, bullet-riddled walls and bombed roofs of buildings
testifying to the horrors of civil war, communication infrastructure destroyed,
civic amenities missing - there were hardly any signs of civilized life. Three
hundred thousand people had died of starvation since November 1991. There were 4
.5 million malnutrition cases out of which one million were on the verge of deat
h. A picture of disaster, the country was in desperate need of international hum
anitarian aid. Moved by the agony and suffering of innocent Somalians, the Unite
d Nations went into action. As a result, United Nations Operation in Somalia (UN
OSOM-1) came into being. Law and order being the pre-requisite for any humanitar
ian effort, the Security Council directed the Secretary General to deploy a secu
rity force before the operation was launched. Pakistan was the first country to
respond to the call of the United Nations. On 14th September 1992 five hundred P
akistani troops arrived in Mogadishu to launch the United Nation humanitarian ca
mpaign. Deployment of the security force was preceded by the arrival of an advan
ce party of 50 United Nation observers, drawn from different countries, led by a
Pakistani Brigadier. At this time, attacks by armed gangs on incoming and docke
d ships as well as air strips were common. They also looted food supplies arrivi
ng under international humanitarian aid before they could reach delivery and dis
tribution points. The Pakistani security personnel (ex 7 Frontier Force Regiment
) were therefore assigned the task of securing the sea and airports, escorting f
ood convoys and ensuring smooth distribution of relief supplies. The Pakistani C
ontingent was also instructed to recover unauthorized arms to further enhance th
e safety of peace-keeping and humanitarian efforts. Provision of medical aid, re
habilitation of people and reconstruction of infrastructure in the war—ravaged a
reas were also part of the programme. Pakistani troops secured the Mogadishu air
port to make it safe for relief flights. They also cleared the nearby port of ar
med bandits who could pose a threat to the anchoring and off-loading of ships ca
rrying grain and other edibles for the faminished people. Escorting of relief co
nvoys and effective and tactful handling of the security situation soon won the
Pakistanis the trust and respect of the local population. Their selfless service
s provided the Somalians both relief and hope after a dark period of terror and
hunger. The goodwill that their humane behaviors generated was reflected in the
“Pakistani-Somali Walal Walal” (Pakistanis and Somalis are brothers ) slogans th
at one heard from an appreciative people. In order to enlarge the scope and scal
e of peace-keeping and humanitarian work over thirty-seven thousand troops, draw
n from more than two dozen countries including US, Italy, France and Germany, we
re inducted by March 1993 and UNOSOM -1 converted into UNITAF (United Nations In
ternational Task Force). Pakistan , whose strength in later months rose to over
7000 troops, became the main operative contingent in the most war-ravaged part o
f Mogadishu controlled by the Farah Aideed faction. The other part was under con
trol of Ali Mahdi. Both factions had been authorized a limited number of arms to
be kept in their respective Authorized Weapons Storage Sites (AWSS). But indivi
dual bandits and gangs were to be disarmed. Also necessary was inspection of AWS
S so that accumulation of excessive arms, a potential cause of violence, could b
e checked. Though these measures were designed to reduce incidents of violence a
nd loot and were to be carried out in the interest of peace with an understandin
g already reached with the major factions, those who were to be disarmed were no
t happy to give up their weapons and their feelings were exploited by the vested
interests. This was the cause of the 5 June 93 tragedy. The Pakistani troops we
re asked by the United Nation Force Headquarters to carry out an inspection of t
he weapon storage sites of Farah Aideed, to whom the date and time of inspection
had been communicated in advance. Nobody at the United Nation Force Headquarter
s was able to foresee his reaction and his power to arouse the feelings of his f
ollowers against those who were carrying out the inspection. Even as their colle
agues were engaged in distributing food at one of the feeding points, the Pakist
ani inspectors were ambushed by Aideeds followers. The ambushers were using chil
dren and women as human shields to prevent being fired back while the road-block
s they had set up made Pakistanis withdrawal difficult. Though taken by surprise
and totally exposed, the courageous blue beret Pakistanis fought their way back
taking full care that the children and women protecting the attackers remained
unharmed. In the process twenty-three Pakistanis embraced ‘Shahadat fifty-six s
ustained injuries while eleven were disabled. As recovery of arms was a vital pa
rt of the peacekeeping mission, the 5th of June incident only accelerated the pr
ocess of search operations in the Pakistani area of responsibility. More than ni
nety per cent of the searches were carried out by Pakistanis.
Some of the operations were carried out by the US Quick Reaction Force, Rangers
and the Italian troops. The Olympic Hotel Incident of 3rd October 1993 took plac
e during one of these operations when 75 US Rangers got stranded and had to be r
escued by a joint force of US, Pakistani and Malaysian troops. The grim battle l
asted eight hours. The US Rangers suffered 17 dead and 77 injured while one was
captured by Aideed forces. The wounded were admitted to the Pakistani hospital a
t Soccer Stadium. Had it not been for the courage, valour and steadfastness of t
he Pakistani soldiers, the rescue operation could not have succeeded and the tra
pped US soldiers might have perished. The Special Representative of the United N
ations Secretary General, Admiral Jonathan Howe and UNOSOM Force Commander, Lieu
tenant General Cevik Bir expressed special appreciation for Pakistani troops de
termination and professionalism and thanked them for helping the US troops Major
General Thomas M. Montgomery, Deputy Commander of the United Nations Forces in
Somalia in a television interview said: “Many of the soldiers are alive today be
cause of the willingness and skill of the Pakistani soldiers who worked jointly
in a rescue operation with Malaysian and American soldiers in most difficult and
dangerous combat circumstances”. He thanked the people and Pakistan Army for se
nding “such splendid soldiers to Somalia who we feel proud to serve with. Pakist
ani soldiers have been completely dependable even in the most difficult circumst
ances. They have shouldered a huge and dangerous load for UNOSOM and the Somali
people”. On the health front, Pakistani doctors and paramedical staff provided f
ree medical services to the suffering humanity in the Pakistan Field Hospital in
Mogadishu , established in April 93. In addition to free medical and surgical o
utpatient services, which included laboratory and X-ray facilities, the hospital
pursued an expanded immunization programme (FF1) for the benefit of Somalians i
n collaboration with UNICEF. A Dental Centre provided the much-needed dental car
e while anti-TB cover was made available under an anti- tuberculosis programme.
Over 100,000 Somali men, women and children benefited from the services provided
by Pakistan s 8 specialist doctors, 12 general duty medical officers and 180 p
aramedics In addition, the Pakistan UNOSOM Hospital also provided indoor treatme
nt to the Somalians, a facility which was restored by Pakistani contingent after
it had ceased due to withdrawal of US and Swedish troops. This Pakistani hospit
al had 26 doctors and 6 ICU trained nurses and was fully equipped to undertake a
dvanced treatment in surgical, neuro; ophthalmic, ENT, gynecology, skin, child s
pecialization and dental ailments. UNITAF contingents belonging to the United St
ates and European countries left Somalia leading to the reorganization of the Un
ited Nations force as UNOSOM-2 and a revision of its charter of duties. The coun
tries contributing to the 19000-men UNOSOM-2 were besides others, Pakistan , Ind
ia , Bangladesh , Egypt and Nigeria . Pakistan had the largest number of troops
- more than 7000. UNOSOM-2, of which the Pakistani contingent was a part, remain
ed dedicated to providing relief and undertaking a variety of rehabilitation tas
ks in an international effort to mitigate the suffering of the Somali people. Th
e withdrawal of UNOSOM-2 Contingents was undertaken under a phased programme in
early 1995. Pakistani troops were selected to cover this withdrawal - a befittin
g tribute indeed to their professionalism. The Pakistani contingent finally retu
rned home on 5 March 1995 . United ations Protection Force in Bosnia (U OROFOR)
1992 to February 1996 Two Infantry Battalion Groups. 4x Infantry units served in
the mission. 30x Military Observer Recognizing the commendable performance of t
he Pakistan Army Contingents as United Nations Peace Keepers in Somalia and Camp
uchia, the United Nations requested the Government of Pakistan to contribute tro
ops to the United Nations Protection Force (UNF ROFOR) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. A
3000 strong contingent consisting of two Battalion Groups and a National Support
(NS) Headquarters left for Bosnia and Croatia in May 1994. The two battalion gr
oups PAKBAT 1 and PAKBAT 2 were deployed in the towns of ‘dares and Durdevik (ne
ar the city of Tuzla ) in Bosnia while the National Support Headquarters remaine
d based at Split , Croatia . They were tasked to stabilize the military situatio
n with a view to encouraging return of normalcy, improving freedom of movement b
y maintaining existing routes, providing protection and supporting various Unite
d Nations agencies and NGOs engaged in their relief activities and coordinate hu
manitarian assistance. The Pakistani troops (PAKBATs) established conditions fav
ourable to cessation of hostilities through maintenance of local ceasefire agree
ments, liaison with warring factions, implementation of Troops Exclusive Zone (T
EZ), manning of observation posts, and monitoring activity on confrontation line
. Pakistani troops helped in restoring confidence of people through frequent mee
tings with leaders of warring factions/local agencies, by establishing liaison w
ith military/civil authorities and through utility repairs. The PAKBATs performe
d their military duties with total commitment. Two officers, one junior commissi
oned officer and three non commissioned officers laid down their lives for the n
oble cause of bringing peace to a war ravaged territory. Their sacrifices were d
uly acknowledged by United Nations Force Commander and the local population The
Pakistani contingent did exceptionally well in identifying, monitoring and prote
cting all ethnic and minority groups, refugees and displaced persons. They coord
inated the relief work of a number of United Nations agencies, international and
Pakistani NGOs on their own. Besides this PAKBATs themselves provided immense h
umanitarian assistance by providing food stuff, medical care, clothing, and help
ed in the maintenance of infrastructure/community services, orphanages and provi
sion of financial aid. It was once again the Pakistani Peace Keepers who were th
e first to respond and assist over 50,000 refugees who came over after the Serbs
had over-run the United Nations declared Safe Heavens of Srebrenica and Zepa in
July 95. As it was an event which had not been foreseen by the Bosnian governme
nt and the United Nations authorities, it was Pakistani Peace Keepers who bore t
he brunt of the crisis for 36 hours single handedly. Food, clothing, medical tre
atment and shelter to these war-ravaged people was provided by the PAKBAT from t
heir own resources before help arrived. Even after the arrival of assistance, it
were the Pakistani troops who managed and coordinated the relief activities. It
was duly acknowledged in an impressive ceremony organized by Tuzia Red Cross to
award certificates of merit to all those who contributed in relief operations.
Specialist doctors complimented with some of the latest medical equipment and me
dicines set about the task of treating the innocent civilians victimized by unfo
rtunate ethnic cleansing with zeal and enthusiasm. In order to facilitate the pa
tients, mobile teams were regularly dispatched to far flung areas to treat the c
ivilians. Notably Pakistani Government and the NGOs contributed generously and o
ver 1.7 tones of medicines were donated and handed over to the Mayor of Tuzla by
Pakistan s Ambassador. After completion of its duties, the first Pakistani Con
tingent was replaced by the second, bringing our contribution of forces in this
United Nations Peace Keeping effort to over 6000 troops in two phases. With the
downsizing of UNPROFOR in mid 1995, the Pak Contingent became the third largest
force after France and England . The Pakistani peace-keepers were also retained
by the United Nations in the highly sensitive period during the change over from
UNPROFOR to the NATO led implementation Force (IFOR) and finally returned home
in February 1996. Pakistani troops have been worthy ambassadors of their country
. The Bosnians as well as the international community once again praised the pro
fessionalism, devotion to duty and above all the impartiality of the Pakistan Ar
my contingent. They were trusted and respected by all the warring factions, i.e.
Bosnians, Croats, and the Serbs for their strict neutrality in their dealings.
This perhaps, is the reason that Pakistan was once again requested by the United
Nations to contribute a Battalion group supported by a squadron of Armour to th
e Untied Nations Transitional Administrative set up in Eastern
Slavonia (UNTAES). United ations Assistance Mission for Rawanda (U AMIR) 30 Octo
ber 95 – 29 January 96 6x Military Observers United ations Assistance Mission in
Sierra Leone (U AMSIL) June 2001- todate Pakistan provided a composite force of
three infantry battalion groups, one engineer battalion with a host of supporti
ng elements following withdrawal of Indian contingent from the mission. Presentl
y Pakistan is the largest contributor to the mission. Casualties 6 x shaheeds On
22 October 1999, the Security Council established UNAMSIL to cooperate with the
Government and the other parties in implementing the Lome Peace Agreement and t
o assist in the implementation of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegrat
ion plan. On 7 February 2000, the Council revised UNAMSIL s mandate. It also exp
anded its size, as it did once again on 19 May 2000 and on 30 March 2001. UNAMSI
L successfully completed its mandate in December 2005. It was succeeded by a new
mission—the United Nations Integrated Office for Sierra Leone The conflict in S
ierra Leone dates from March 1991 when fighters of the Revolutionary United Fron
t (RUF) launched a war from the east of the country near the border with Liberia
to overthrow the government. With the support of the Military Observer Group (E
COMOG) of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Sierra Leone s
army tried at first to defend the government but, the following year, the army i
tself overthrew the government. Despite the change of power, the RUF continued i
ts attacks. In February 1995, the United Nations Secretary-General appointed a S
pecial Envoy, Mr. Berhanu Dinka (Ethiopia). He worked in collaboration with the
Organization of African Unity (OAU) and ECOWAS to try to negotiate a settlement
to the conflict and return the country to civilian rule. Parliamentary and presi
dential elections were held in February 1996, and the army relinquished power to
the winner, Alhaji Dr. Ahmed Tejan Kabbah. The RUF, however, did not participat
e in the elections and would not recognise the results. The conflict continued.
Special Envoy Dinka assisted in negotiating a peace agreement, in November 1996,
between the Government and RUF known as the Abidjan Accord. The agreement was d
erailed by another military coup d état in May 1997. This time the army joined f
orces with the RUF and formed a ruling junta. President Kabbah and his governmen
t went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. A new Special Envoy, Mr. Francis G. Ok
elo (Uganda) and other representatives of the international community tried, but
failed, to persuade the junta to step down. The Security Council imposed an oil
and arms embargo on 8 October 1997 and authorized ECOWAS to ensure its implemen
tation using ECOMOG troops. On 23 October, the ECOWAS Committee of Five on Sierr
a Leone and a delegation representing the chairman of the junta held talks at Co
nakry and signed a peace plan which, among other things, called for a ceasefire
to be monitored by ECOMOG and -- if approved by the UN Security Council - assist
ed by UN military observers. On 5 November, President Kabbah issued a statement
indicating his acceptance of the agreement, and stated his Government s willingn
ess to cooperate with ECOWAS, ECOMOG, the United Nations and UNHCR in the implem
entation of their respective roles. Although the junta publicly committed itself
to implementing the agreement, it subsequently criticized key provisions and ra
ised a number of issues, with the result that the agreement was never implemente
d. In February 1998, ECOMOG, responding to an attack by rebel/army junta forces,
launched a military attack that led to the collapse of the junta and its expuls
ion from Freetown. On 10 March, President Kabbah was returned to office. The Sec
urity Council terminated the oil and arms embargo and strengthened the office of
the Special Envoy to include UN military liaison officers and security advisory
personnel. On June 1998, the Security Council established the United Nations Ob
server Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) for an initial period of six months. Th
e Secretary-General named Special Envoy Okelo as his Special Representative and
Chief of Mission. The mission monitored and advised efforts to disarm combatants
and restructure the nation s security forces. Unarmed UNOMSIL teams, under the
protection of ECOMOG, documented reports of on-going atrocities and human rights
abuses committed against civilians. Fighting continued with the rebel alliance
gaining control of more than half the country. In December 1998 the alliance beg
an an offensive to retake Freetown and in January overran most of the city. All
UNOMSIL personnel were evacuated. The Special Representative and the Chief Milit
ary Observer continued performing their duties, maintaining close contact with a
ll parties to the conflict and monitoring the situation. Later the same month, E
COMOG troops retook the capital and again installed the civilian government, alt
hough thousands of rebels were still reportedly hiding out in the surrounding co
untryside. In the aftermath of the rebel attack, Special Representative Okelo, i
n consultation with West African states, initiated a series of diplomatic effort
s aimed at opening up dialogue with the rebels. Negotiations between the Governm
ent and the rebels began in May 1999 and on 7 July all parties to the conflict s
igned an agreement in Lome to end hostilities and form a government of national
unity. The parties to the conflict also requested an expanded role for UNOMSIL.
On 20 August the UN Security Council authorized an increase in the number of mil
itary observers to 210. On 22 October 1999, the Security Council authorized the
establishment of UNAMSIL, a new and much larger mission with a maximum of 6,000
military personnel, including 260 military observers, to assist the Government a
nd the parties in carrying out provisions of the Lome peace agreement. At the sa
me time, the Council decided to terminate UNOMSIL. On 7 February 2000, the Secur
ity Council, by its resolution 1289, decided to revise the mandate of UNAMSIL to
include a number of additional tasks. It decided to expand the military compone
nt to a maximum of 11,100 military personnel, including the 260 military observe
rs already deployed. The Council also authorized increases in the civil affairs,
civilian police, administrative and technical components of UNAMSIL, as propose
d by the Secretary-General. The Security Council again increased the authorized
strength of UNAMSIL, to 13,000 military personnel, including the 260 military ob
servers by its resolution 1299 of 19 May 2000. On 30 March 2001, a further incre
ase was authorized to 17,500 military personnel, including the 260 military obse
rvers. The Council took this decision by its resolution 1346, and, by the same r
esolution, approved a revised concept of operations. UNAMSIL: A success story in
peacekeeping UNAMSIL may serve as a model for successful peacekeeping, as well
as a prototype for the UN s new emphasis on peacebuilding. Over the course of it
s mandate, the Mission disarmed tens of thousands of ex-fighters, assisted in ho
lding national elections, helped to rebuild the country s police force, and cont
ributed towards rehabilitating the infrastructure and bringing government servic
es to local communities. The United Nations also helped the Government stop illi
cit trading in diamonds and regulate the industry. During the war, rebels had us
ed money from “blood” or “conflict” diamonds to buy weapons which had fuelled th
e conflict. UNAMSIL was not always foreseen to succeed: at one point, in May 200
0, the mission nearly collapsed when the rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF)
kidnapped hundreds of peacekeepers and renounced the ceasefire in a move that en
dangered the credibility of UN peacekeeping. Outraged by the chaos that followed
, the international community put pressure on the rebels to obey the ceasefire a
nd slapped sanctions against RUF sponsors. Subsequently, UNAMSIL launched new me
diation efforts and brought the two adversaries back to the negotiation table. I
t brought in more troops to monitor the ceasefire and began disarming fighters f
rom both sides. The United Kingdom , which had sent a force to restore peace fol
lowing RUF s breach of the ceasefire, later started restructuring the army while
UNAMSIL and other international partners concentrated on training the local
police force. By early 2002, UNAMSIL had disarmed and demobilized more than 75,0
00 ex-fighters, including child soldiers. The Government declared the war offici
ally ended. With the political situation stable, the Mission helped organize Sie
rra Leone s first ever free and fair presidential and parliamentary elections b
y providing logistics and public information support. Two years later, the missi
on gave similar support for the local government elections. UNAMSIL completed mo
st of the tasks assigned it by the Security Council: It assisted the voluntary r
eturn of more than half a million refugees and internally displaced persons. It
helped the Government restore its authority and social services in areas previou
sly controlled by rebels, trained thousands of police personnel, and constructed
or reconstructed dozens of police stations. NAMSIL monitored and trained Sierra
Leoneans in human rights and was instrumental in setting up the Special Court f
or Sierra Leone to try those most responsible for war crimes. The Mission also a
ssisted the Government in setting up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, task
ed with healing the wounds of war by bringing together perpetrators and victims
of atrocities. Working together with UN agencies, the Mission launched quick-imp
act and incomegenerating projects to provide jobs to thousands of unemployed you
ths and ex-fighters and basic services to local communities. UNAMSIL troops reco
nstructed schools and clinics, launched and funded agricultural projects, and sp
onsored free medical clinics in far-flung areas. While UNAMSIL had done much, Si
erra Leone still faced many challenges: the country remained fragile and needed
to take concrete steps to address the root causes of the conflict and cultivate
a culture of human rights. The economy was heavily dependent on donor funds. A d
isproportionate share of income from diamond mining still found its way into pri
vate hands, rather than Government coffers. Despite reintegration programmes, th
ousands of ex-combatants and youths—many of whom never went to school—were unemp
loyed. In short, the peace had yet to produce tangible economic dividends and so
cial benefits for the majority of the population. To help meet these challenges,
the Security Council established a new mission—the United Nations Integrated Of
fice for Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL)—to help consolidate peace in the country. Its ma
ndate was to cement UNAMSIL s gains and to help the Government strengthen human
rights, realize the Millennium Development Goals, improve transparency and hold
free and fair elections in 2007. United ations Mission in Liberia (U MIL) Novemb
er 2003- to date Pakistan is providing a Sector HQ along with Signal Company, tw
o infantry battalions, two Multi Role Engineer coys, one Road & Air Field Mainte
nance Company, one Level-II hospital. The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNM
IL) was established by Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) of 19 September 2
003 to support the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and the peace proce
ss; protect United Nations staff, facilities and civilians; support humanitarian
and human rights activities; as well as assist in national security reform, inc
luding national police training and formation of a new restruvctured military. T
he United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) took over peacekeeping operations f
rom the ECOWAS vanguard force, ECOWAS Mission in Liberia (ECOMIL), on 1 October
2003. Approximately 3,600 ECOMIL troops, comprising contingents from Nigeria, Be
nin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo were reassign
ed to UNMIL as United Nations peacekeepers. As of 31 December 2005, UNMIL troop’
s strength stood at 14,824 personnel from 49 troop contributing countries. UNMIL
started a draw down plan in August 2007 and as of 18 September 2008, UNMIL troo
p strength stood at 11,649 personnel UNMIL troops are deployed throughout Liberi
a in four sectors. Each Sector was composed of a brigade size force with full co
mbat, engineering and medical support elements. The second phase of the drawdown
will see the reorganization of the four Sectors into two Sectors with four batt
alions in each sector. Force HQ The UNMIL Force is currently commanded by Maj.-G
en. C S Modey, who is the substantive Deputy Force Commander. Brig.-Gen. E C Qui
st is the Chief of Staff. The Force Troops consist of one Mechanized battalion (
Pakistan), which is UNMIL s Quick Reaction Force (FQRF), a Guard Company (Philip
pines), two Engineering Companies (Bangladesh, Pakistan), one Transport Company
(China), one Military Police Company (Nepal), Level 3 Hospital (Jordan), and an
Aviation Unit (Ukraine). Sector 1 area of responsibility covers Montserrado, Mar
gibi, Grand Bassa and River Cess counties. The Sector Headquarters is located at
 the James Spriggs Payne Airfield, Monrovia. Within this Sector, the two Nigeria
n battalions are based in Sinkor and Virginia with the Ghanaian battalion in Buc
hanan and a supporting Pakistani Engineering Unit in Careysburg Sector 2 covers
the counties of Bomi, Grand Cape Mount, Gbarpolu and Lofa. Its headquarters is b
ased in Tubmanburg, Bomi County. Military units within this Sector include two P
akistani battalions located at Tubmanburg and Voinjama with a Pakistani Level 2
Hospital and Engineering Company based in Tubmanburg. Sector 3 consists of the c
ounties of Nimba and Bong with its headquarters in Gbarnga. Two Bangladeshi batt
alions, a Bangladeshi Engineering Company and a Level 2 Hospital are located in
this Sector. Sector 4 covers most of south-eastern Liberia with its Headquarters
in Zwedru. It consists of the counties of Sinoe, Grand Gedeh, River Gee, Grand
Kru and Maryland. Military units in this Sector are two Ethiopian Infantry batta
lions, a Chinese Engineering Company and Level 2 Hospital. The most important ro
le of the troops is to create a credible deterrence to anti-peace elements by en
suring visible presence all over Liberia. Presently, the force is engaged in dif
ferent security operations in collaboration with the Liberian National Police an
d other security agencies to assist the Liberian security institutions in mainta
ining peace and stability and also to establish the rule of law. UNMOs are deplo
yed to specific area of operations to act as unarmed neutral and impartial repre
sentatives of the international community under the auspices of the UN. They act
as the “Eyes and Ears “of the UNMIL Force and are tasked to closely monitor and
identify any negative impact on security and stability. UNMOs conduct routine m
obile patrols visiting preselected locations on a regular basis, aerial patrols
to some areas not accessible by road, and special patrols to monitor special eve
nts or situations. The UNMOs in effect operate side by side with the formed troo
ps. UNMIL engineers are presently engaged in rehabilitation of various roads in
the country as well as maintenance of all main and secondary supply routes, inst
allation and maintenance of the Bailey Bridges on different roads, and maintenan
ce of runways at the Roberts International Airport, Spriggs Payne airfield and G
reenville airfield. UNMIL engineers also engage in the disposal of Unexploded Or
dnances and various Civilian-Military Coordination (CIMIC) activities. UNMIL has
well established field hospitals and medical units at battalion, sector and for
ce headquarters levels. These hospitals regularly conduct medical outreaches to
provide basic health care to the local people. In a week, UNMIL medical establis
hments provide medical treatment to an average of 1000 to 1100 locals throughout
Liberia. Presently, their efforts are directed towards the capacity building of
Liberian health care and medical institutions.
Soldiers who Laid Down Their Lives in the Service of World Peace
TFK a. b. c. d. e. f. g. UNOSOM-II a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. j. k. l. m. n. o. p.
q. r. s. t. u. v. w. x. y. z. aa. bb. cc. dd. ee. ff. gg. hh. jj. kk. ll. Capt R
iaz Manzoor, Baloch Sub Saleh Khan, FF Nk Muhammad Ghalib, FF Nk Imtiaz Ahmed, F
F Lnk Muhammad Iltaf, Baloch Lnk Muhammad Yousaf, Baloch Sep Saeed Ahmed, Baloch
Sep Mulazim Hussain, Baloch Sep Habib Ahmed, Baloch Sep Iftikhar Nazir, Baloch
Sep Ali Haider, Baloch Sep Mehmood Ali, Baloch Sep Mehrban Khan, Baloch Sep Muha
mmad Ishaq, Baloch Sep Shamim Gul, Baloch Sep Allah Bakhsh, Baloch Sep Khan Baha
dar, Baloch Sep Abdul Rehman, Baloch Sep Jehan Sultan, Baloch Sep Liaqat Ali, Ba
loch Sep Munawar Khan, Baloch Sep Ghulam Shabbir, Baloch Sep Muhammad Aslam, Bal
och Sep Sajid Mahmood, Baloch Sep Itbar Khan, Punjab Sep Nisar Ahmed, Punjab Sep
Ali Sher, Baloch Sep Nasir Javed, Baloch Sep Azhar Khan, Baloch Hav Muhammad Fa
zal, Sind Maj Muhammad Ejaz Hussain, AMC Hav Roshan Ali, Sind Hav Habib Ullah, S
ind Maj Tariq Sharif Malik, Punjab Maj Ayyaz Ahmed, Sind N/Sub Said Ullah, Sind
5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5
Jun 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 Jun 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 J
une 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 June 93 5 J
une 93 17 June 93 28 June 93 28 June 93 2 September 93 9 September 93 21 Septemb
er 93 21 September 93 21 September 93 27 September 93 19 February 94 19 June 94
Lnk Muhammad Ilyas, Engrs Lnk Tariq Mehmood, Engrs Hav Mohammad Hussain, Engrs L
nk Mushtaq Ahmed, Engrs Lnk Mohammad Younas, Engrs Lnk Nazeer Ahmed, Engrs Hav M
ohammad Siddiq, Engrs 11 May 93 12 May 93 7 June 93 7 June 93 14 July 93 10 Augu
st 93 10 August 93
mm. nn. oo. UNMIBH a. b. c. d. e. f. UNMIH a. b. UNAMSIL a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
Capt Muhammad Shafi, FF Sep Muhammad Tariq, Sind Spr Muhammad Hafeez, Engrs
19 August 94 12 September 94 1 February 95
Sub Bagh Hussain,AK Capt HassanRauf,Engrs Capt Rashid Hussain Syed, EME Lnk Zaho
or Ul Hassan, EME Hav Ghulam Mustafa,AK Lnk Haider Khan,AK
18 July 94 22 March 95 22 March 95 22 Mar 95 6 July 95 24 February 96
Capt Atif Bangash, AMC Sep Muhammad Akhlaq, AK
5 June 96 21 January 97
Nk MT Mehboob Hussain, ASC L/Nk Sajid Mehmood , ASC Sep Tariq Mehmood, Baloch Ca
pt Abrar Ahmed, Engrs N/Khateeb Nisar Ahmed, AEC Sep Liaqat Ali, Punjab NK/VM Mu
hammad Safdar, EME Sep Mumtaz Khan, FF
3 August 2001 3 August 2001 27 October 2001 28 April 2002 28 January 2003 2 Apri
l 2003 8 January 2004 11 January 2004
West Irian The only example in United Nation s history when a United Nations mil
itary force had gone in, performed its role honestly and came out, was Pakistan
s military contingent to Indonesia”. Premier Chou-en-Lai PEACEKEEFERS “It was be
cause of Pakistani troops that Indonesia and Pakistan came so close togather. Th
ey were Pakistan s best ambassadors. President Soelearno Cambodia “Pakistani Co
ntingent showed professionalism, patience, determination and compassion, which i
ndeed are the hallmarks of an effective peacekeeping force. Lieutenant General J
.M. Sanderson Force Commander U TAC Somalia “Many of the soldiers are alive toda
y because of the willingness and skill of the Pakistani soldiers who worked join
tly in a rescue operation. We are thankful to people and Army of Pakistan for se
nding such splendid soldiers to Somalia whom we feel proud to serve with. Pakist
ani soldiers have been completely dependable even in the most difficult circumst
ances. They have shouldered a huge and dangerous load for UNOSOM and the Somali
people.” Major General Thomas M. Montgomery Deputy Commander the United ations F
orces in Somalia Bosnia “Many of the soldiers are alive today because of the wil
lingness and skill of the Pakistani soldiers who worked jointly in a rescue oper
ation. We are thankful to people and Army of Pakistan for sending such splendid
soldiers to Somalia whom we feel proud to serve with. Pakistani soldiers have be
en completely dependable even in the most difficult circumstances. They have sho
uldered a huge and dangerous load for UNOSOM and the Somali people.” Eastern Sla
vonia “I wish to reaffirm my gratitude and appreciation for the professionalism
the Pakistani Contingent has displayed during stay in Eastern Slovenia . They ar
e indeed performing great services to humanity." Paul klein Transitional Adminis
trator United ations Haiti “It gives me great pleasure to express my warmest con
gratulations and sincere admiration for the splendid work you and the officers a
nd men of the Pakistani battalion have done all over the northern part of Haiti
. \‘ours was the most difficult area with a history of militant activities and l
ocal feuds. The Americans, before you had probably 4 or 5 times more troops and
had difficulty controlling the situation. The PAKBAT s performance was consisten
tly impeccable and earned admiration of everyone, Haitians and foreigners alike.
" Lakhdar BrahimiSpecial Representative of the United ations Secretary General f
or Haiti
Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of the Pakistan Army is the highest post in the P
akistan Army. The current Chief of Army Staff is General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. T
he COAS operates from army headquarters in Rawalpindi, near Islamabad. List of A
rmy Chiefs o. ame Term of Appointment Unit of Commission Decorations KCSI, KBE,
CB, 1 General Sir Frank Messervy August 15, 1947 – February 10, 1948 9th Hodson
s Horse DSO KCB, KCIE, CBE, 2 General Sir Douglas Gracey February 11, 1948 – Jan
uary 16, 1951 1st Gurkha Rifles MC NPk, HPk, HJ, 3 General Muhammad Ayub Khan Ja
nuary 16, 1951 – October 26, 1958 1/14 Punjab Regiment GCMG, MBE HPk, HJ, HQA, 4
General Muhammad Musa Khan October 27, 1958 – June 17, 1966 6/13 Frontier Force
Rifles MBE General Agha Muhammad Yahya 5 June 18, 1966 – December 20, 1971 4/10
Baluch Regiment HPk, HJ, SPk Khan Lieutenant General Gul Hassan 6 December 20,
1971 – March 3, 1972 Armoured Corps SPk, SQA Khan 7 General Tikka Khan March 3,
1972 – March 1, 1976 12 Artillery HJ, HQA, SPk 8 General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Mar
ch 1, 1976 – August 17, 1988 Armoured Corps 9 General Mirza Aslam Beg August 17,
1988 – August 16, 1991 Baloch Regiment NI(M), SBt 10 General Asif Nawaz August
16, 1991 – January 8, 1993 Punjab Regiment NI(M), SBt (Bar) 11 General Abdul Wah
eed January 11, 1993 – January 12, 1996 Frontier Force Regiment NI(M), SBt 12 Ge
neral Jehangir Karamat January 12, 1996 – October 6, 1998 Armoured Corps NI(M),
TBt 13 General Pervez Musharraf October 6, 1998 – November 28, 2007 Artillery NI
(M), TBt 14 General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani November 29, 2007 – Baloch Regiment NI(
M), HI List of Army Vice Chiefs The post of Vice Chiefs of Army Staff existed wh
enever the Chief of Army Staff was also the President of Pakistan. o. ame Term o
f Appointment Unit of Commission Decorations 1 General Abdul Hamid Khan March 25
, 1969 – December 20, 1971 Baloch Regiment HQA, SPk 2 General Mohammad Sawar Kha
n April 13, 1980 – March 22, 1984 Artillery NI(M) 3 General Khalid Mahmud Arif M
arch 22, 1984 – March 29, 1987 Armoured Corps NI(M), SBt 4 General Mirza Aslam B
eg March 29, 1987 – August 17, 1988 Baloch Regiment NI(M), SBt 5 General Muhamma
d Yusaf Khan October 8, 2001 – October 6, 2004 Armoured Corps NI(M) 6 General Ah
san Saleem Hyat October 7, 2004 – October 7, 2007 Armoured Corps NI(M) 7 General
Ashfaq Parvez Kayani October 8, 2007 – November 28, 2007 Baloch Regiment NI(M),
HI See also Pakistan Army Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan) C
hief of Air Staff (Pakistan) Chief of Naval InterStaff (Pakistan) External links
List of Army Chiefs at Pakistan Army website Official Pakistan Army website Int
erServices Public Relations
List of serving generals of the Pakistan Army
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is the list of serving generals of th
e Pakistan Army. At present, the army has 2 full generals, 29 lieutenant general
s and more than 130 major generals. Barring exceptions for some major generals,
all others have been listed here. The list is arranged according to the officers
respective seniority. Current Army Senior Command 1. General Ashfaq Parvez Kay
ani HI, Baloch — Chief of Army Staff (COAS), GHQ. (Colonel-in-Chief of the Baloc
h Regiment) due to retire on ovember 28, 2010. 2. General Tariq Majid, Baloch —
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC), JS HQ, Chaklala. due to retire
on October 8, 2010. 3. Lt Gen Muhammad Masood Aslam SJ, Punjab — Commander, XI
Corps, Peshawar. (Colonel Commandant of the Punjab Regiment) 4. Lt Gen Ahsan Azh
ar Hayat, AC[1] — Inspector General Training and Evaluation (IGT&E), GHQ. due to
retire on April 11, 2010. 5. Lt Gen Nadeem Ahmad TBt, Sind — Commander, I Corps
, Mangla. due to retire on April 11, 2010. 6. Lt Gen Sikandar Afzal, AC[2] — Com
mander, II Corps, Multan. due to retire on April 11, 2010. 7. Lt Gen Ijaz Ahmed
Bakhshi, Arty[3] — Commander, IV Corps, Lahore. due to retire on April 11, 2010.
8. Lt Gen Khalid Shameem Wynne, Punjab — Commander, Southern Command, Quetta. d
ue to retire on March 8, 2011. 9. Lt Gen Muhammad Ashraf Saleem, AD[4] — Command
er, Army Air Defence Command (Comd AAD Comd), Rawalpindi. (Colonel Commandant of
the Army Air Defence) due to retire on March 8, 2011. 10. Lt Gen Shahid Niaz, E
ngrs[4] — Engineer-in-Chief (E-in-C), GHQ. (Colonel Commandant of the Corps of E
ngineers) due to retire on March 8, 2011. 11. Lt Gen Muhammad Yousaf, Arty[5] —
President, National Defence University (NDU), Islamabad. due to retire on March
8, 2011. 12. Lt Gen Syed Absar Hussain, Arty[4] — Commander, Army Strategic Forc
es Command (Comd ASFC), Rawalpindi due to retire on March 8, 2011. 13. Lt Gen Ja
ved Zia, Punjab[6] — Adjutant General (AG), GHQ. due to retire on September 21,
2011. 14. Lt Gen Shujaat Zamir Dar SBt, Punjab[7] — Chairman, Pakistan Ordnance
Factories (POF), Wah Cantonment. due to retire on September 21, 2011. 15. Lt Gen
Mohsin Kamal, Punjab[1] — Military Secretary (MS), GHQ. (Colonel Commandant of
the orthern Light Infantry Regiment) due to retire on September 21, 2011. 16. Lt
Gen Muhammad Asghar, Engrs[8] — Rector, National University of Sciences and Tec
hnology (NUST), Islamabad. due to retire on September 21, 2011. 17. Lt Gen Jamil
Haider, Arty — Inspector General Arms (IG Arms), GHQ. due to retire on Septembe
r 21, 2011. 18. Lt Gen Nadeem Taj, Punjab — Commander, XXX Corps, Gujranwala. du
e to retire on September 21, 2011. 19. Lt Gen Muhammad Rehan Burney, AMC[3] — Su
rgeon General/DG Medical Services (Inter-Services), GHQ. (Colonel Commandant of
the Army Medical Corps) due to retire on March 24, 2012. 20. Lt Gen Tahir Mahmoo
d SBt, Punjab[1] — Commander, X Corps, Rawalpindi. due to retire on September 29
, 2012. 21. Lt Gen Shahid Iqbal, Baloch[1] — Commander, V Corps, Karachi. due to
retire on September 29, 2012. 22. Lt Gen Tanvir Tahir, EME[1] — Inspector Gener
al Communications and IT (IG Comm&IT), GHQ. due to retire on September 29, 2012.
23. Lt Gen Zahid Hussain, Arty[6] — Quarter-Master General (QMG), GHQ. due to r
etire on September 29, 2012. 24. Lt Gen Ahmad Shuja Pasha, FF[1] — DG Inter-Serv
ices Intelligence (DG ISI), ISI HQ, Islamabad. due to retire on September 29, 20
12. 25. Lt Gen Muhammad Mustafa Khan, AC[1] — Chief of General Staff (CGS), GHQ.
due to retire on September 29, 2012. 26. Lt Gen Ayyaz Saleem Rana, AC[1] — Chai
rman, Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT), Taxila. due to retire on September 29, 2012
. 27. Lt Gen Naeem Khalid Lodhi, Engrs[5] — Commander, XXXI Corps, Bahawalpur. d
ue to retire on February 17, 2013. 28. Lt Gen Khalid Nawaz Khan, Baloch[5] — Com
mandant, Command and Staff College (Comdt C&SC), Quetta. due to retire on Octobe
r 4, 2013. 29. Lt Gen Sardar Mahmood Ali Khan, Punjab[5] — DG Joint Staff (DG JS
), JS HQ, Chaklala. due to retire on October 4, 2013. 30. Lt Gen Muhammad Alam K
hattak TBt, FF[5] — Chief of Logistics Staff (CLS), GHQ. due to retire on Octobe
r 4, 2013. 31. Lt Gen Shafqaat Ahmed, Punjab[5] — due to retire on October 4, 20
13. 32. Maj Gen Mir Haider Ali Khan, FF (superseded) — Additional Secretary-I (A
rmy) at Ministry of Defence, Rawalpindi. 33. Maj Gen Ghulam Haider, Ord (superse
ded) — DGP (Army), Directorate General Defence Purchase (DG DP), Rawalpindi. 34.
Maj Gen Muhammad Tariq Masood, Baloch[6] (superseded) — Member Logistics Reform
Committee (MLRC), IV Corps, Lahore. 35. Maj Gen Asif Akhtar, Baloch (superseded
) — . 36. Maj Gen Shafique Ahmed Kayani, AMC (superseded) — . 37. Maj Gen Syed G
uftar Shah, EME[9] (superseded) — DG Defence Science and Technology Organisation
(DG DESTO), Rawalpindi. 38. Maj Gen Syed Khalid Amir Jaffery, Arty (superseded)
— DG Anti-Narcotics Force (DG ANF), Rawalpindi.
39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97.
Maj Gen Nusrat Naeem, Arty (superseded) — . Maj Gen Asif Ali, Engrs (superseded)
— Surveyor General, Survey of Pakistan, Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Shaukat Sultan, Sin
d (superseded) — DG Foreign Military Cooperation (DG FMC), JS HQ, Chaklala. Maj
Gen Muhammad Akram Sahi, Punjab[6] (superseded) — Commander, Logistics Area (Com
d Log Area), Gujranwala. Maj Gen Muhammad Tahir Saeed, ASC (superseded) — Vice C
hief of Logistics Staff (VCLS), GHQ. Maj Gen Masood Hasan, Arty[10] (superseded)
— DG Personnel Services and Provost Marshal (DG PS), GHQ. Maj Gen Qasim Qureshi
, Punjab (superseded) — DG Operations and Plans, JS HQ, Chaklala. Maj Gen Bilal
Omer Khan, AC (superseded) — DG Armoured Corps (DG AC), GHQ. Maj Gen Imtiaz Ahme
d, Engrs (superseded) — DG National Logistics Corporation (DG NLC), Rawalpindi.
Maj Gen Muhammad Javed Khan, AMC[11] — DG Medical Services (Navy), GHQ. Maj Gen
Jamshed Riaz, EME (superseded) — DG Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (DG EM
E), GHQ. (Colonel Commandant of the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineeri
ng) Maj Gen Waqar Ahmed Kingravi, Avn (superseded) — DG Defence Purchase (DG DP)
, Rawalpindi. (Colonel Commandant of the Army Aviation Corps) Maj Gen Syed Taqi
Naseer Rizvi, Avn (superseded) — DG Defence Security Guards (DG DSG), GHQ. Maj G
en Mian Nadeem Ijaz Ahmad, AC[12] (superseded) — General Officer Commanding (GOC
), 26th Mechanised Division, Bahawalpur. Maj Gen Zawar Hussain Shah, Ord (supers
eded) — DG Ordnance Services (DG Ord), GHQ. Maj Gen Iftikhar Ahmed Choudhry, Art
y[13] (superseded) — DG Welfare and Rehabilitation (DG W&R), GHQ. Maj Gen Syed M
ohammad Owais, AD (superseded) — DG Army Air Defence (DG AAD), GHQ. Maj Gen Mukh
tar Ahmed, AK[14] (superseded) — DG Doctrine and Evaluation (DG D&E), GHQ. (Colo
nel Commandant of the Azad Kashmir Regiment) Maj Gen Zahid Parvez, AC (supersede
d) — DG Budget, GHQ. Maj Gen Muhammad Naeem Khan, AMC[11] — Principal, Army Medi
cal College (AMC), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Shahida Badsha, AMC — Adviser in Pediatri
cs/Professor Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Najeeb Tariq, EME (
superseded) — DG C4I, GHQ. Maj Gen Muhammad Ali Khan, ASC (superseded) — DG Remo
unt, Veterinary and Farms Corps (DG RVFC), GHQ. Maj Gen Muhammad Farooq SBt, Pun
jab (superseded) — . Maj Gen Ahmed Bilal, Sigs[15] (superseded) — DG (Security)
at Strategic Planning Division (SPD), Chaklala. (Colonel Commandant of the Corps
of Signals) Maj Gen Niaz Muhammad Khan Khattak, AK[16] (superseded) — DG(A) at
ISI (Analysis and Foreign Relations wing), ISI HQ, Islamabad. Maj Gen Javed Iqba
l, Engrs (superseded) — DG Defence Complex Islamabad (DCI) Project. Maj Gen Tauf
iq Rafiq, Engrs (superseded) — DG Frontier Works Organisation (DG FWO), Rawalpin
di. Maj Gen Tahir Ali, AD — . Maj Gen Anwar Saeed Khan, ASC — Managing Director,
Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Service Corp. (MD PASSCO), Rawalpindi. Maj Ge
n Azhar Rashid, AMC[11] — DG Surgery, GHQ. Maj Gen Khushnood Javaid Khan, AMC[11
] — Deputy Surgeon General/DG Medical Services (Inter-Services), GHQ. Maj Gen Mu
hammad Ovais Mustafa, EME — DG Military Vehicles, Research and Development Estab
lishment (DG MVRDE), Wah Cantonment. Maj Gen Raja Muhammad Arif Nazir, Avn — DG
Organization and Method (DG O&M), GHQ. Maj Gen Zahid Mubashir Sheikh, Arty — DG
Artillery (DG Arty), GHQ. Maj Gen Nasir Mahmood, Avn — DG Army Aviation (DG Avn)
, GHQ. Maj Gen Asif Yasin Malik, Punjab — DG(B) at ISI, ISI HQ, Islamabad. Maj G
en Muhammad Haroon Aslam SBt, AK — GOC Special Service Group (GOC SSG), Cherat.
Maj Gen Waheed Arshad TBt, AC — Vice Chief of General Staff (VCGS), GHQ. Maj Gen
Rashad Mahmood, Baloch — DG(CT) at ISI (Counter-terrorism wing), ISI HQ, Islama
bad. Maj Gen Muhammad Yaqub Khan, AK[10] — DG Rangers (Punjab), Lahore. Maj Gen
Hamid Mahmud, Sigs — DG Special Communication Organization (DG SCO), Rawalpindi.
Maj Gen Syed Ithar Hussain Shah, Arty[12] — GOC 2nd Artillery Division, Gujranw
ala. Maj Gen Farooq Ahmed Khan, AMC — Adviser in Pathology/Dean and Professor Ar
my Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Chaudhry Ahmad Khan, AMC — Adviser
in Surgery/Professor Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Ulfat Huss
ain, ASC[17] — DG Supply and Transport (DG S&T), GHQ. Maj Gen Syed Shakeel Hussa
in, Baloch — Vice Military Secretary (VMS), GHQ. Maj Gen Gul Muhammad, FF[13] —
DG Personnel Administration (DG PA), GHQ. Maj Gen Liaquat Ali, Arty[18] — DG Ran
gers (Sindh), Karachi. Maj Gen Ghulam Mustafa Kausar, AK — MARC, GHQ. Maj Gen No
or Hussain SBt, Baloch[6] — DG Quartering and Lands, GHQ. Maj Gen Raheel Sharif,
FF — Commandant, Pakistan Military Academy (Comdt PMA), Kakul. Maj Gen Tariq Ma
hmood, Engrs — . Maj Gen Tahir Mahmood Malik, FF — Member Logistics Reform Commi
ttee (MLRC), V Corps, Karachi. Maj Gen Athar Abbas, AC — DG Inter-Services Publi
c Relations (DG ISPR), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Wajahat Ali Muftee, Arty — DG Militar
y Lands and Cantonments (ML&C), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Waqar Ahmed, AMC[11] — DG Me
dicine, GHQ. Maj Gen Sefvan Majed Janjua, AMC[11] — Commandant, Armed Forces Pos
t-Graduate Medical Institute (Comdt AFPGMI), Rawalpindi. Maj Gen Sohail Shafkat,
ASC — Commander, Logistics Area (Comd Log Area), Multan.
98. Maj Gen Azhar Ali Shah, Punjab[19] — DG Institute of Strategic Studies, Rese
arch and Analysis (DG ISSRA) at NDU Islamabad. 99. Maj Gen Tariq Khan, AC — IG F
rontier Corps (IGFC N.W.F.P), Peshawar. (Frontier Corps currently participating
in Operation Rah-e-Nijat in South Waziristan since October 2009. Before this, it
conducted Operation Sherdil in Bajaur Agency from August 2008 to February 2009)
100. Maj Gen Munawar Ahmad Solehria, Engrs[20] — Deputy Engineer-in-Chief, GHQ.
101. Maj Gen Agha Muhammad Umer Farooq, Baloch — Commandant, School of Infantry
and Tactics (Comdt SI&T), Quetta. 102. Maj Gen Mohammad Zahirul Islam, Punjab[2
0][16] — DG(C) at ISI (Internal wing - dealing with Counter-intelligence and pol
itical issues inside Pakistan), ISI HQ, Islamabad. 103. Maj Gen Rashad Javeed, A
rty — Commandant, School of Artillery (Comdt S of A), Nowshera. 104. Maj Gen Sal
im Nawaz SBt, Baloch[10] — IG Frontier Corps (IGFC Balochistan), Quetta. 105. Ma
j Gen Mumtaz Ahmad Bajwa, Baloch[20][16] — DG(S) at ISI (External wing - handlin
g relations with Mujahideen groups inside Kashmir and other similar groups), ISI
HQ, Islamabad. 106. Maj Gen Muhammad Ashraf Tabassum, Arty — . 107. Maj Gen Muh
ammad Farooq Iqbal, Ord — Commander, Logistics Area (Comd Log Area), Rawalpindi.
108. Maj Gen Shahid Maqbool, Sigs — Commandant, Military College of Signals (Co
mdt MCS), Rawalpindi. 109. Maj Gen Jehangir Anwar Khan, AMC[11] — DG Medical Ser
vices (Azad Kashmir), GHQ. 110. Maj Gen Abdul Qadir Khan Shahid, AD — DG Nationa
l Guard (DG NG), GHQ. 111. Maj Gen Khalid Rabbani, Infantry — GOC 9th Infantry D
ivision, Kohat. (Division currently conducting Operation Rah-eNijat in South Waz
iristan since October 2009. Before that conducted Operation Zalzala in South Waz
iristan in 2008, Operation in North Waziristan in 2007 and Battle of Wana in 200
4) 112. Maj Gen Jahangir Khan, Infantry — DG Infantry (DG Inf), GHQ. 113. Maj Ge
n Abdul Aziz Tariq, Infantry — Commander, Logistics Area (Comd Log Area), Karach
i. 114. Maj Gen Ijaz Awan, Infantry — DG Defence Export Promotion Organization (
DG DEPO), Islamabad. 115. Maj Gen Muzammil Hussain, Baloch — Commander, Force Co
mmand Northern Areas (Comd FCNA), Gilgit. (Division conducted Kargil War in 1999
) 116. Maj Gen Sajjad Ghani, Engrs — GOC 19th Infantry Division, Mangla. (one of
the two divisions conducting Operation Rah-e-Rast in Swat District (North) sinc
e April 2009) 117. Maj Gen Ausaf Ali, Engrs — . 118. Maj Gen Tariq Rashid Khan,
Arty — Chief of Staff (COS), Southern Command, Quetta. 119. Maj Gen Tahir Ashraf
Khan, Infantry — GOC 33rd Infantry Division, Quetta. 120. Maj Gen Khadim Hussai
n, Arty[20] — GOC 23rd Infantry Division, Jhelum. 121. Maj Gen Mohammad Ahsan Ma
hmood, Engrs[21] — GOC 15th Infantry Division, Sialkot. 122. Maj Gen Muhammad As
if, Infantry[22] — DG Military Intelligence (DG MI), GHQ. 123. Maj Gen Muhammad
Mansha, Infantry — . 124. Maj Gen Abid Pervaiz, AC — DG Logistics (DG Log), GHQ.
125. Maj Gen Tahir Habib Siddiqui, AC — . 126. Maj Gen Kaleem Saber Taseer, Art
y — . 127. Maj Gen Ziauddin Najam, Arty[13] — GOC Army Strategic Forces Command
(ASFC). 128. Maj Gen Akhtar Iqbal, Arty — GOC 16th Infantry Division, Pano Aqil.
129. Maj Gen Muhammad Khalid, Infantry — . 130. Maj Gen Ghulam Dastgir, Infantr
y[6] — DG Human Resource Development (DG HRD), GHQ. 131. Maj Gen Javed Iqbal, In
fantry[23] — DG Military Operations (DG MO), GHQ. 132. Maj Gen Shahid Ahmed Hash
mat, Infantry — GOC 18th Infantry Division, Hyderabad. 133. Maj Gen Nasser Khan
Janjua, Infantry[24] — GOC 17th Infantry Division, Kharian. (Division conducted
Operation Rah-eHaq in Swat District from November 2007 to December 2008, but rev
erted back to original location in December 2008 after 2008 Mumbai attacks)[25]
134. Maj Gen Shahid Hamid Khan, AC — GOC 1st Armoured Division, Multan. 135. Maj
Gen Asif Nawaz Janjua, AC — Commandant, School of Armour and Mechanized Warfare
(Comdt SA&MW), Nowshera. 136. Maj Gen Tariq Nadeem Gilani, Arty[19] — Commandan
t, Armed Forces War College (Comdt AFWC) at NDU Islamabad. 137. Maj Gen Mohammad
Ijaz Chaudhry, Arty[20] — GOC 14th Infantry Division, Okara. (Division conducte
d Operation Zalzala in South Waziristan from January 2008 to May 2008. Moved bac
k to original location in December 2008 after 2008 Mumbai attacks) 138. Maj Gen
Javaid Iqbal Nasar, Arty — . 139. Maj Gen Zahir Shah, Engrs[26] — Commandant, Mi
litary College of Engineering (Comdt MCE), Risalpur. 140. Maj Gen Junaid Rehmat,
Engrs — DG Works and Chief Engineer (DG W&CE), GHQ. 141. Maj Gen Mohammad Azeem
Asif, Engrs[26] — DG Engineers (DG Engrs), GHQ. 142. Maj Gen Mohammad Rafiq Sab
ir, Engrs[20] — DG Housing, GHQ. 143. Maj Gen Muhammad Khalid Rao, Sigs — DG(T)
at ISI (Technical wing), ISI HQ, Islamabad. 144. Maj Gen Mohammad Saeed Aleem, I
nfantry — GOC 8th Infantry Division, Sialkot. 145. Maj Gen Wasim Sadiq, Infantry
— . 146. Maj Gen Naweed Zaman, Infantry — GOC 7th Infantry Division, Peshawar.
(Division deployed in North Waziristan) 147. Maj Gen Muhammad Nawaz, Infantry[20
] — GOC 40th Infantry Division, Okara. 148. Maj Gen Raza Muhammad, Infantry — GO
C 11th Infantry Division, Lahore. 149. Maj Gen Khawar Hanif, Infantry — GOC 35th
Infantry Division, Bahawalpur. 150. Maj Gen Maqsood Ahmad, Infantry[20] — GOC 1
2th Infantry Division, Murree. (deployed near LoC) 151. Maj Gen Tanveer Ullah Kh
an, Avn[20] — GOC Army Aviation Command, Rawalpindi. 152. Maj Gen Niaz Kausar Sh
eikh, ASC[26] — DG Pay, Pension and Accounts (DG PP&A), GHQ.
153. Maj Gen Mohammad Shahid, EME[20] — Commandant, College of Electrical and Me
chanical Engineering (Comdt CEME), Rawalpindi. 154. Maj Gen Obaid Bin Zakria, EM
E — DG Inspectorate of Technical Development (DG ITD), GHQ. 155. Maj Gen Zia Ull
ah Khan, AMC — Commandant, Combined Military Hospital (Comdt CMH), Rawalpindi. 1
56. Maj Gen Azhar Mehmood Kayani, AMC[27] — Commandant, Armed Forces Institute o
f Cardiology (Comdt AFIC)/Executive Director, National Institute of Heart Diseas
es (NIHD), Rawalpindi. 157. Maj Gen Muhammad Hamid Akram, AMC — Adviser in Radio
logy/Professor Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi. 158. Maj Gen Asif Ali Kha
n, AMC — Head of Cardiac Surgery, AFIC/NIHD Rawalpindi. 159. Maj Gen Suhaib Ahma
d, AMC — Commandant, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Comdt AFIP), Rawalpind
i. 160. Maj Gen Syed Wajid Hussain, AC — . 161. Maj Gen Changez Dil Khan, AC — G
OC 6th Armoured Division, Kharian. 162. Maj Gen Isfandyar Ali Pataudi, AC — GOC
25th Mechanised Division, Karachi. 163. Maj Gen Zubair Mahmood Hayat, Arty[10] —
DG Staff Duties (DG SD), GHQ. 164. Maj Gen Noel Israel Khokhar, Arty — . 165. M
aj Gen Shaukat Iqbal, Arty — . 166. Maj Gen Mazhar Jamil, Arty — . 167. Maj Gen
Tahir Mahmood, AD — GOC 3rd Air Defence Division, Sargodha. 168. Maj Gen Zamir U
l Hassan Shah TBt, AD — GOC 4th Air Defence Division, Karachi. 169. Maj Gen Naji
b Ullah Khan, Engrs — . 170. Maj Gen Khalid Asghar, Engrs — . 171. Maj Gen Waqar
Ahmed, Sigs — DG Signals (DG Sigs), GHQ. 172. Maj Gen Farrukh Bashir, Infantry
— . 173. Maj Gen Ishfaq Nadeem Ahmad, Infantry[28] — GOC 37th Infantry Division,
Gujranwala. (One of the two divisions conducting Operation Rah-e-Rast in Swat D
istrict (South) since April 2009)[25] 174. Maj Gen Javed Iqbal Ramday, Infantry
— . 175. Maj Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa, Infantry — . 176. Maj Gen Mohammad Saad Khat
tak, Infantry — GOC 41st Infantry Division, Quetta. 177. Maj Gen Sajjad Ali Khan
, Infantry — . 178. Maj Gen Khalid Mahmood, Infantry — . 179. Maj Gen Mohammad T
ahir, Avn — Deputy Quarter-Master General (DQMG), GHQ. 180. Maj Gen Rehan Bashir
, EME — Project Management Organization (PMO), Khanpur. 181. Maj Gen Waqar Ahmed
Khan, AMC — . 182. Maj Gen Zafarul Islam, AMC — . 183. Maj Gen Waqas Ahmed, AMC
— Adviser in Anesthesia, CMH Rawalpindi. Senior commanders during 1965 and 1971
Wars During the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, there were only two Lt. Gens in the Ar
my; Bakhtiar Rana the Commander I Corps and Altaf Qadir who was on deputation to
CENTO, Turkey and a handful of Maj. Gens, "unlike the present when both are ove
rflowing every conceivable container."[29] During the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, t
he number of Lt Gens reached 12 while there were two full generals; five were po
sted at the GHQ/CMLA HQ, one at the CENTO HQ in Ankara, Turkey, four were corps
commanders, and the rest of four were governors under the martial law. General Y
ahya Khan was the Commander-in-Chief, General Abdul Hamid Khan was the Chief of
Staff (COS), Lt Gen S.G.M.M. Peerzada was the PSO CMLA HQ in Rawalpindi, Lt Gen
Gul Hassan Khan was the Chief of General Staff (CGS), and Lt Gen Khawaja Wasiudd
in was the Master-General of Ordnance (MGO). Lt Gen Muhammad Shariff was sent as
Permanent Representative to the CENTO HQ in Turkey. Eastern Command was under L
t Gen A.A.K. Niazi, I Corps was under Lt Gen Irshad Ahmad Khan, II Corps was und
er Lt Gen Tikka Khan, IV Corps was under Lt Gen Bahadur Sher. On the other hand,
governor Punjab was Lt Gen Attiqur Rahman, governor Sindh was Lt Gen Rakhman Gu
l, governor NWFP was Lt Gen K.M. Azhar, and governor Balochistan was Lt Gen Riaz
Hussain. otes All the names in the list are extracted from open sources (which
in turn rely on Pakistan Army s ISPR press releases), therefore the above names
might not correlate with the actual current posts of the commanders. The promoti
ons from brigadiers to majorgenerals are done in groups once every year. The lin
ks from 2002 and onwards are: 2002 (27), 2003 (19), 2004 (18), 2005 (26), 2006 (
29), 2007 (29), 2008 (26), and 2009 (24) Additionally, the seniority for major-g
enerals is ascertained from the bi-annual military award recipients of Hilal-e-I
mtiaz (Military); first on 23rd March (Pakistan Day) and then on 14th August (In
dependence Day). The links from 2002 and onwards are: 2002 March, 2003 March, 20
03 August, 2004 March, 2004 August, 2005 March, 2005 August, 2006 March, 2006 Au
gust, 2007 March, 2007 August, 2008 March, 2008 August, 2009 March, and 2009 Aug
ust. Following abbreviations have been used for the respective units/regiments o
f the officers, • AC — Armoured Corps • • Avn — Army Aviation Corps o Sind — Sin
d Regiment • Arty — Corps of Artillery • EME — Corps of Electrical and o AK — Az
ad Kashmir Mechanical Engineering • Infantry — One of the five Regiment Infantry
 regiments • ASC — Army Service Corps • Engrs — Corps of Engineers o Punjab — Pu
njab • Ord — Army Ordnance Corps Regiment • AMC — Army Medical Corps o Baloch —
Baloch • AD — Army Air Defence Regiment • Sigs — Corps of Signals o FF — Frontie
r Force Regiment [edit] References 1. ^ a b c d e f g h Sajjad Malik. "ISI chief
, four corps commanders changed" Daily Times, 30 September, 2008 2. ^ Muhammad I
mran. Multan and Karachi Corps Commander Replaced Daily Times, April 11, 2006
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
^ a b Major reshuffle in Army: Corps Commander Mangla, Lahore Changed The ews, M
arch 25, 2008 ^ a b c Iftikhar A. Khan. Strategic forces command gets new head
Dawn, March 8, 2007 ^ a b c d e f "Bahawalpur gets new corps commander" Dawn, 4
October, 2009 ^ a b c d e f Muhammad Saleh Zaafir. "Another reshuffle in Army t
op brass" The ews, 5 October 2008 ^ Shakil Shaikh. "Lt-Gen Dar appointed POF cha
irman" The ews, 19 April, 2009 ^ Six major-generals promoted as lieutenant-gene
rals The ews, September 22, 2007 ^ "DSA2008 Foreign - VVIP Delegation List" Def
ence Services Asia, 23 April, 2008 ^ a b c d Asim Yasin. "Civil, military leader
s pledge to uproot militancy" The ews, 24 October, 2009 ^ a b c d e f g "About U
s Page" PAFMJ, accessed 17 August, 2009 ^ a b "APSACS Dateline" APSACS Secretari
at, Vol. 3 Issue 1, February 2009 ^ a b c "Corps commanders of Peshawar, Quetta
and Bahawalpur changed" Dawn, April 15, 2007 ^ "Maj Gen Mukhtar New Colonel Comm
andant AK Regiment" paktribune.com, 28 September, 2008 ^ Ansar Abbasi. "SPD also
under pressure over political appointments" The ews, 1 October, 2008 ^ a b c Sh
uja Nawaz. "Focusing the Spy Glass on Pakistan s ISI" The Huffington Post, 2 Oct
ober, 2008 ^ "Defence Logistics Middle East 2009" IQPC, 26 January, 2009 ^ Muham
mad Saleh Zaafir. Major changes in Army top brass on cards The ews, September
21, 2007 ^ a b "Contact Info for NDU" DU Website, retrieved 09-05-19 ^ a b c d e
f g h i j Shakil Shaikh. "New postings in Army" The ews, 3 September, 2008 ^ "T
roops directed to focus on training", ISPR Press Release, 15 December, 2007 ^ "M
ohammed Asif to be new DG Military Intelligence" The ews, April 2, 2008 ^ Shakil
Shaikh. "Lt Gen Pasha to head ISI" The ews, 30 September, 2008 ^ Shuja Nawaz. "
FATA-A Most Dangerous Place" Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSI
S), January 2009 ^ a b "34 militants killed in four-day Swat operation, claim fo
rces" The ews, 28 December, 2008 ^ a b c "Newly promoted major generals posted",
Daily Times, September 3, 2008 ^ "Maj Gen Azhar Kiyani appointed Commandant AFI
C" AAJ TV, 9 March, 2009 ^ Iftikhar A. Khan. "Swat commanding officer Gen Ijaz r
eplaced" Dawn, 5 July, 2009 ^ Shaukar Qadir. "1965: Operation Grand Slam" Daily
Times, October 04, 2003
Pakistan Army Order of Battle
Punjab - Strike Corps I Corps Mangla 6 Armoured Division Kharian 17 Mechanized I
nfantry Division Kharian 37 Mechanized Infantry Division Gujranwala Punjab - Hol
ding Corps IV Corps Lahore 10 Infantry Division Lahore 11 Infantry Division Laho
re XXX Corps Gujranwala 2 Artillery Division Gujranwala 8 Infantry Division Sial
kot 15 Infantry Division Sialkot Sindh V Corps Karachi 16 Infantry Division Hyde
rabad 18 Infantry Division Hyderabad 25 Mechanized Infantry Division Malir West
Front Balochistan XII Corps Quetta 33 Infantry Division Hyderabad 41 Infantry Di
vision Hyderabad Other Major Commands ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) Army Air
Defence Command Army Strategic Forces Command In April 2007 Pakistan was report
ed to be creating three new Army commands to "improve the operational efficiency
and working" of its land forces. The Northern, Southern and Central Commands wo
uld be responsible for the administrative arrangements of the corps falling unde
r their respective commands. At that time, the establishment of the Northern and
South Commands had been finalised, while the Central Command was to be raised s
hortly. A three-star General (Lt. General) heads these regional commands. The Pa
kistan Air Force (PAF) already had three regional commands. According to The New
s, the Southern Command would have its headquarters in Quetta, provincial capita
l of Balochistan and home to XII Corps, while the Northern Command s headquarter
s was yet to be determined. The two likely choices in Punjab Province were eithe
r Gujranwala, home to XXX Corps and 37 Mechanized Infantry Division, or Mangla,
home to I Corps. The whereabouts of the headquarters for Central Command was not
reported. These commands are very poorly attested. Governor of Balochistan Owai
s Ahmad Ghani visited Balochistan Institute of Technical Education "BITE" on 9th
May 2007 along with Commander Southern Command Lt. Gen Hamid Rab Nawaz to see t
he progress and activities going on at BITE. On 04 December 2007 President Perve
z Musharraf appreciated the performance of the Pakistan Army and said that he wa
s proud of commanding the best army of the world. Addressing a farewell dinner p
arty hosted by Commander Southern Command Lieutenant General Khalid Shamim Wyne
at the Command and Staff College Quetta, he recalled his affiliation with the co
llege and said he had served as staff director while he was a lieutenant colonel
. Commander Southern Command Khalid Shamim Wyne presented a souvenir to Presiden
t Musharraf and lauded his services as army chief. On arrival at Quetta on 08 Ju
ly 2008, Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani was received by Comman
der Southern Command, Lieutenant General Khalid Shamim Wynne. Kayani also visite
d Headquarters Southern Command, where he was given a briefing on operational, t
raining and administrative matters. After the accession of Punjab in the British
Empire in March 1849, Rawalpindi was made the Headquarters of Northern Command
due to its central location and geo-political importance. The Pakistan Army came
into being as a result of the amalgamation of the Muslim troops of the pre-inde
pendence British Indian Army. The new Pakistan Army when it took over the operat
ions and offices of the British North Command in India in Rawalpindi after indep
endence. Out of the British Northern Command HQ nucleus, the Pakistan Army GHQ w
as organized at its present location. Lt Gen Messervy, the then GOC-in-C Norther
n Command, was promoted and appointed Commander-In-Chief (C-in-C) Pakistan Army.
The GHQ started functioning on 15 August 1947. Engineer-in-Chief Pakistan Army
ERRA (Earthquake Reconstruction & Rehabilitation Authority) WFP / FATA XI Corps
Peshawar 7 Infantry Division Mardan 9 Infantry Division Kohat XXXI Corps Bahawal
pur 26 Mechanized Division Bahawalpur 35 Infantry Division Bahawalpur 40th Infan
try Division Okara J&K, FA A X Corps Rawalpindi Northern Area Command Gilgit 12
Infantry Division Murree 19 Infantry Division Jhelum 23 Infantry Division Gujrat
II Corps Multan 1 Armoured Division Multan 40 Infantry Division Okara
Structure of the Pakistan Army
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Structure of the Pakistan Army can be
broken down two ways, administrative, and operational. Operationally the Pakista
n Army is divided in 10 Corps having areas of responsibility (AOR) from mountain
ous regions of northern Pakistan to the desert and coastal regions of the south.
Administratively it is divided in different regiments (details below). The Gene
ral Headquarter (GHQ) of Pakistan Army is located in the garrison city of Rawalp
indi in Punjab province. It is planned to be moved to the capital city of Islama
bad. Army headquarters and staff The Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), formerly ca
lled the Commander in Chief (C in C), is challenged with the responsibility of c
ommanding the Pakistani Army. The COAS operates from army headquarters in Rawalp
indi, near Islamabad. The Principal Staff Officers (PSO s) assisting him in his
duties at the Lieutenant General level include: • Chief of General Staff (CGS) —
Lt Gen Mohammad Mustafa Khan • Chief of Logistics Staff (CLS) — Lt Gen Muhammad
Alam Khattak • Inspector General Arms — Lt Gen Jamil Haider • Adjutant General
(AG) — Lt Gen Javed Zia • Quarter-Master General (QMG) — Lt Gen Zahid Hussain •
Inspector General Training and Evaluation (IGT&E) — Lt Gen Ahsan Azhar Hayat • M
ilitary Secretary (MS) — Lt Gen Mohsin Kamal • Inspector General Communications
and IT — Lt Gen Tanvir Tahir The Military Operations and Intelligence Directorat
es function under the Chief of General Staff (CGS). A major reorganization in GH
Q was done in September 2008 under General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, when two new PS
O positions were introduced: the Inspector General Arms and the Inspector Genera
l Communications and IT, thus raising the number of PSO s to eight.[1] The headq
uarters function also includes the Judge Advocate General (JAG), and the Comptro
ller of Civilian Personnel, the Chief of the Corps of Engineers (E-in-C) who is
also head of Military Engineering Service (MES), all of them also report to the
Chief of the Army Staff. Operational Structure Hierarchy • Corps: A Corps in the
Pakistani Army usually consists of two or more Divisions and is commanded by a
Lieutenant General. Currently the Pakistani Army has 10 Corps. The tenth one is
the recently raised Army Strategic Force Command (ASFC), responsible for bearing
the national strategic and nuclear assets. Initially a Division, but then raise
d to the status of a Corps. • Division: Each division is commanded by a Major Ge
neral, and usually holds three Brigades including infantry, artillery, engineers
and communications units in addition to logistics (supply and service) support
to sustain independent action. Except for the Divisions operating in the mountai
ns, all the Divisions have at least one armoured unit, some have even more depen
ding upon their functionality. The most major of all ground force combat formati
ons is the infantry division. Such a division would primarily hold three infantr
y brigades. There are 19 Infantry divisions, two mechanised divisions, two Armou
red Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions in the Pakistani Army. • Brigade: A Brig
ade is under the command of a Brigadier and comprises three or more Battalions o
f different units depending on its functionality. An independent brigade would b
e one that primarily consists of an artillery unit, an infantry unit, an armour
unit and logistics to support its actions. Such a brigade is not part of any div
ision and is under direct command of a corps. • Battalion: Each battalion is com
manded by a Lieutenant Colonel and has roughly 600 to 900 soldiers under his com
mand. This number varies depending on the functionality of the battalion. A batt
alion comprises either three batteries (in case of artillery and air defence reg
iments - generally named Papa, Quebec, Romeo, and Headquarters Battery) or four
companies (in case of infantry regiments - generally named Alpha, Bravo, Charlie
, and Delta - and other arms excluding armored units that are organized into squ
adrons) each under the command of a major and comprising of individual subunits
called sections (which are further divisible into platoons and squads).[2] Corps
There are 10 Corps including the newly formed strategic corps (2004) located at
various garrisons all over Pakistan. Corps HQ Location Major Formations under C
orps Commander otes Formed 1958 in Abbottabad, now is 6th Armoured Division (Kha
rian), Mangla, Azad Lt Gen Nadeem in Mangla; Fought in the 1965 and I Corps 17th
Infantry Division (Kharian), 37th Kashmir Ahmad 1971 wars, as well as sent Infa
ntry Division (Gujranwala) replacements to Kashmir for LOC. 1st Armoured Divisio
n (Multan), 40th Lt Gen Sikandar II Corps Multan, Punjab Formed 1971 Infantry Di
vision (Okara) Afzal 10th Infantry Division (Lahore), 11th Lt Gen Ijaz IV Corps
Lahore, Punjab Formed 1966 Infantry Division (Lahore) Ahmed Bakhshi Formed 1975.
16, 18 IDs are all 16th Infantry Division (Pano Aqil), Lt Gen Shahid mechanized
. Has a lot of V Corps Karachi, Sindh 18th Infantry Division (Hyderabad), Iqbal
independent Brigades as well, since 25th Mechanized Division (Malir) it has all
of Sindh to cover. Rawalpindi, Force Command Northern Areas Lt Gen Tahir X Corps
Formed 1975 Punjab (Gilgit), 12th Infantry Division Mahmood
(Murree), (Mangla), (Jhelum) XI Corps
19th 23rd
Infantry Infantry
Division Division
Peshawar, North Lt Gen Formed 1975. Presently engaged in 7th Infantry Division (
Peshawar), 9th West Frontier Muhammad fighting in the Federally Infantry Divisio
n (Kohat) Province Masood Aslam Administered Tribal Areas Quetta, 33rd Infantry
Division (Quetta), 41st Lt Gen Khalid XII Corps Formed 1985. Balochistan Infantr
y Division (Quetta) Shameem Wynne 2nd Artillery Division (Gujranwala), Formed 19
87. Each division has 4 Gujranwala, Lt Gen Nadeem XXX Corps 8th Infantry Divisio
n (Sialkot), 15th brigades and an armoured division is Punjab Taj Infantry Divis
ion (Sialkot) in the process of raising. 14th Infantry Division (Okara), 26th Ba
hawalpur, Lt Gen Naeem XXXI Corps Mechanized Division (Bahawalpur), Formed 1988
Punjab Khalid Lodhi 35th Infantry Division (Bahawalpur) 2 Divisions, 1 in Sindh
and 1 in Strategic Rawalpindi, Lt Gen Syed Punjab, 47th Artillery Brigade Corps
Punjab Absar Hussain (Sargodha) Army Air Lt Gen Rawalpindi, 3rd Air Defence Divi
sion (Sargodha), Defence Muhammad Punjab 4th Air Defence Division (Malir) Comman
d Ashraf Saleem Armoured divisions HQ Brigades otes Division Location 1 Armoured
Part of II HQ Multan Brigades Division Corps 6 Armoured 7th Armoured Brigade, K
harian; 9th Armoured Brigade, Kharian; 1st Armoured Part of I HQ Kharian Divisio
n Brigade, Kharian Corps Infantry divisions Division HQ Location Brigades otes W
as the old Bahawalpur State forces, which joined the Pak Army on its formation.
Disbanded after 1948 war. Today, 35th 6 Infantry Division N/A N/A Infantry Divis
ion is located in Bahawalpur and carries the same Pelican insignia of the state
forces, though there is no lineage. XI Corps, Peshawar named as The Golden 7 In
fantry Division HQ Peshawar Y Arrows 8 Infantry Division HQ Sialkot Part of XXX
Corps 9 Infantry Division HQ Kohat Part of XI Corps Part of IV Corps, stationed
at Lahore, 10 Infantry Division HQ Lahore named as Tenacious Ten 11 ID is par
t of IV Corps with HQ at Lahore. It is mechanised but seems to have less armored
contingent then other 11 Infantry Division HQ Lahore mechanized formations. The
division fought in 65 and 71 wars. The division is named as Battle axe Part o
f X Corps, 12th ID is a double sized division which has 7 infantry brigades. 12
Infantry Division HQ Murree Uniquely all component battalions are from Azad Kash
mir Regiment. Part of XXXI Corps. The division is 14 Infantry Division HQ Okara
mechanised. 15 Infantry Division HQ Sialkot Part of XXX Corps Originally was par
t of XII corps, shifted at 16 Infantry Division HQ Pano Aqil Panno Aquil Cantonm
ent in 1987. Now form part of V Corps [3] 17 Infantry Division HQ Kharian Part o
f I Corps 18 Infantry Division HQ Hyderabad Part of V Corps 19 Infantry Division
HQ Mangla Part of X Corps 23 Infantry Division HQ Jhelum Part of X Corps 25 Mec
hanized Division HQ Malir Part of V Corps 26 Mechanized Division HQ Bahawalpur P
art of XXXI Corps 29 Infantry Brigade (Zhob);60 33 Infantry Division HQ Quetta I
nfantry Brigade (Sibi);205 Part of XII Corps Infantry Brigade
(Loralai);Divisional Artillery(Zhob)[4] 35 Infantry Division 36 Infantry Divisio
n 37 Infantry Division 39 Infantry Division 40 Infantry Division 41 Infantry Div
ision Part of XXXI Corps Disbanded after 1971 war Part of I Corps N/A Disbanded
after 1971 war; see below Part of II Corps Part of XII Corps Part of X Corps but
often functions independently under direct command of Force Command Northern GH
Q. It is a double sized division Gilgit Areas containing 6 brigades. This format
ion has been in action on the LOC since its inception. Independent Brigades Ther
e are seven Independent Mechanized Infantry Brigades, eight Independent Armoured
brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades, and nine Engineer brigades. These include 105 I
ndependent Brigade Group in XXXI Corps, 111 Independent Infantry Brigade at Rawa
lpindi with X Corps, 212 Infantry Brigade at Lahore with IV Corps and 105 Indepe
ndent Infantry Brigade under V Corps. Nine independent signal brigade groups are
also present (one in each corps). Former formations Eastern Command was a Corps
level formation in the former East Pakistan comprising of 14th, 9th and 16th In
fantry Divisions. All three were re-raised after the war and exist today. 14 ID
pretty much did not fight, since it was heavily Bengali and 6 of its battalions
deserted when the operation began. 36 ID and 39 ID were raised to command the Pa
ramilitary troops and a few loyal battalions. Were later reinforced with a coupl
e of other battalions each. They were not re-raised after the war. Administrativ
e Structure Infantry,Armour and Engineers The Army s infantry force includes two
Special forces Brigades with 5 Battalions, while the armoured force includes ei
ght Armoured Reconnaissance regiments. Engineers Infantry: 13th Lancers (Baloch
Regt) Frontier Force (FF) 1 Engineers 28th Cavalry 2 Engineers 29th Cavalry Punj
ab 14th Lancers 3 Engineers Sindh 30th Cavalry 15th Lancers Baloch 4 Engineers 3
1st Cavalry 19th Lancers 9 Engineers 32nd Cavalry Azad Kashmir (AK) 20th Lancers
Northern Light Infantry (NLI) 19 Engineers 33rd Cavalry 22nd Cavalry President
s Bodyguard 24 Engineers 34th Lancers 23rd Cavalry (FF) Armour 313 Assault Engin
eers 37th Cavalry 24th Cavalry (FF) 4th Cavalry (under 1 armoured division) 41st
Horse (FF) 25th Cavalry (FF) 314 Assault Engineers 5th Horse 52nd Cavalry 26th
Cavalry 6th Lancers 53rd Cavalry (under 6 armoured division) 27th Cavalry 7th La
ncers 25 Mechanised Engineers 54th Cavalry (under 25 mechanised 8th Cavalry 56th
Cavalry 9th Lancers 58th Cavalry division) Guides Cavy (FF) 26 Mechanised Engin
eers (under 26 mechanised 11th Cavalry (FF) 12th Cavalry (FF) division) *The Pre
sident s Bodyguard formed at independence from members of the Governor General s
Bodyguard, itself successor to the Governor s Troop of Moghals raised in 1773 *
5th Horse is the successor to the 1st Sikh Irregular Cavalry (Wales s Horse), an
d the 2nd Sikh Irregular Cavalry, both raised in 1857 *6th Lancers is the succes
sor to The Rohilkhand Horse raised in 1857, and the 4th Sikh Irregular Cavalry r
aised in 1858 *Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force) is the successor to the Corps of
Guides raised in 1846 *11th Cavalry (Frontier Force) is the successor to 1st Reg
iment of Punjab Cavalry and 3rd Regiment of Punjab Cavalry, both raised in 1849
*13th Lancers is the successor to the 1st Native Troop raised in 1804, and the 2
nd Native Troop raised in 1816. It is also the senior most armour regiment of th
e Indian Sub-Continent. *19th Lancers is the successor to the 2nd Mahratta Horse
(Tiwana Horse) raised in 1858, and Fane s Horse raised in 1860 *25th Cavalry (F
rontier Force) is the famous unit which stopped Indian armour thrust in Chawinda
in 1965 *29th Cavalry Regiment, nicknamed as Royal Bengal Tigers was the armo
red regiment stationed in former East Pakistan. Entire regiment was lost in 1971
war and was raised later with nickname Tigers . Currently the regiment forms p
art of 6th Armored Division and is stationed at Kharian. *The Punjab Regiment fo
rmed in 1956 from the 1st, 14th, 15th and 16th Punjab Regiments; can be traced b
ack to the 3rd Battalion of Coast Sepoys raised in 1759 *The Baloch Regiment for
med in 1956 from the 8th Punjab Regiment, The Baloch Regiment, and The Bahawalpu
r Regiment; can be traced back to the 3rd Extra Madras Battalion raised in 1798
*The Frontier Force Regiment is the successor to the Frontier Brigade raised in
1846 *The Azad Kashmir Regiment was raised in 1947, became part of the army in 1
971 *The Sindh Regiment was raised in 1980 from battalions of the Punjab Regimen
t and Baloch Regiment *The Northern Light Infantry was formed in 1977 from vario
us paramilitary units of scouts, became part of the army in 1999 after the Kargi
l War N/A HQ Bahawalpur N/A HQ Gujranwala N/A HQ Okara HQ Quetta
*The Special Service Group was formed in 1959 around a cadre from the Baloch Reg
iment* Other Combat Arms • Regiment of Artillery • Regiment of Air Defence (cont
ributes to Air Defence Command with 3 Air Defence Groups, 8 AD Brigades) • Corps
of Engineers • Army Medical Corps • Corps of Signals • 23 aviation squadrons Se
rvices • Army Ordnance Corps • Corps of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (EME
) • Army Supply & Transport Corps (ASC) • Army Education Corps (AEC) • Corps of
Military Police (CMP) • Remount, Veterinary, and Farming Corps (RV&FC) otes 1. ^
Iftikhar A. Khan. "Kayani shakes up army command" Dawn, 30 September, 2008 2. ^
"" Subdivisions of the army"". http://www.fotw.net/flags/pk%5Eard.html. Retriev
ed 2007-01-21. 3. ^ http://horsesandswords.blogspot.com/2006/03/administrative-c
ontrol-over.html - Note 10 4. ^ http://horsesandswords.blogspot.com/2006/03/admi
nistrative-control-over.html - Note 10
From left, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Navy Adm. Mike Mullen and Rear
Adm. Scott Van Buskirk, commander of Carrier Strike Group 9, speak with Chief of
Army Staff of the Pakistan Army Gen. Ashfaq Kayani and Pakistani Maj. Gen. Ahma
d Shuja Pasha, director general of military operations, on the flight deck of th
e aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) while under way in the North Ara
bian Sea Aug. 27, 2008. M109A6 "Paladin" firing at night.
Pakistan Army aviation squadron s Mi-17 helicopter at the Skardu Airport. Bell 2
06L The Pakistani Army is divided into two main branches, which are Arms and Ser
vices.
Special Service Group
Special Service Group Formation Insignia outside their headquarters at Cherat.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Active Country Branch Type Size Part of Garrison/HQ Motto Anniversaries Engageme
nts
March 23, 1956- Present Pakistan Pakistan Army Special Forces Six Battalions Pak
istani Special Forces Cherat, Attock Faith, Piety, to strive in the path of Alla
h March 23, 1956 Operation Gibraltar Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani W
ar of 1971 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Siachen Glacier Kargil War Operation S
ilence Counter Terrorism Operations United Nations Military missions War In Afgh
anistan
Abbreviation SSG Special Service Group (SSG) is an independent commando division
of the Pakistan Army. It is an elite special operations force similar to the Un
ited States Army Special Forces (Green Berets) and the British Army s SAS. Accor
ding to Indian analyst, Mandeep Singh Bajwa, the SSG "are formidable opponents a
nd easily rank as one of the finest special forces in the world."[1] Official nu
mbers are put at 2,100 men, in 3 Battalions; however the actual strength is clas
sified.[2] It is estimated to have been increased to 4 Battalions, with the even
tual formation of 2 Brigades of Special Forces (6 Battalions). Soldiers of the S
SG are commonly known as the Black Storks Based out of Cherat and Attock, the SS
G was created in 1956 with active support from U.S. Special Operations Forces. T
hat year the 19th Battalion of the Baloch Regiment (19 Baloch) was selected for
conversion to a Special Operation Force. As a result of this, the SSG has inheri
ted many of the traditions and insignia of the Baloch regiment. Their first CO w
as Lt. Col. (later Maj. Gen.) Abu Bakr Osman Mitha[3] who commanded it for six y
ears till 1963.[4] and the first Officer Commanding of its Alpha Company was Maj
or Gaideen Khan Abdullai Mahsud (Later Lt Col). Their initial training and orien
tation as regards tactics was based on the US Special Forces pattern with whom t
hey co-operated closely in the Cold War years.[3] The SSG initially had 6 compan
ies and each company had specialization units, specialized in desert, mountain,
ranger, and underwater warfare.[3] The desert companies participated in training
exercises with US Army Special Forces Mobile Training Team in late 1964.[3] The
scuba company in Karachi was renowned for its tough physical training.[3] Later
on Chinese training, tactics, weapons, and equipment were also introduced.[3] I
ndo-Pak War of 1965 The SSG were initially deployed along the Afghan border to r
epel Afghan incursions into Pakistan but the first major deployment came during
the war of 1965. Around 120 officers and men were dropped on the night of 6/7 Se
ptember near the Indian airbases of Adampur, Pathankot and Halwara in an ill-con
ceived operation to destroy Indian combat aircraft and put the bases out of acti
on. Badly planned, lacking any solid intelligence, and even more badly executed
the operation ended in a disaster. However the SSG sources declare it as partial
ly successful: according to them all aircraft from Pathankot airbase were evacua
ted and 2 Indian infantry brigades (I brigade by admission of Gen J.N. Chaudary,
Indian Army Chief at that time in his autobiography) kept searching for these p
aratroopers. [3] Due to the difficult terrain and very low visibility, none of t
he teams were able to regroup after the drops. The Adampur group was unable to a
ssemble at night and waited the following day out hiding in the cornfields. Howe
ver, most of the commandos were rounded-up and captured including their commande
r Captain Assad Durrani.The Pathankot group faced a similar fate and most of the
SSG operators were taken as POWs including their commanding officer Major Khali
d Gulrez Butt. Many in the group designated for assault on Halwara actually land
ed around the air field perimeter itself but did not have any wire-cutters and w
ere easily captured by the alerted Indian defenders. The leader of the Halwara t
eam, Captain Hasan Iftikhar was taken prisoner while he attempted to meet up wit
h the rest of his team. Only a few made it back to Pakistan. Captain Hazur Husna
in
(2nd-in-command to Captain Hasan Iftikhar) and a few jawans were able to command
eer an Indian Army jeep and made it back via Fazilka[3] By 1971, the SSG had gro
wn to 3 Battalions with 1 permanently stationed in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). I
ndo Pak War of 1971 The performance of the SSG in the 1971 was much better with
1 Commando Battalion making a spectacular raid on an Indian artillery regiment a
nd disabling several of their guns besides inflicting casualties.[3] SSG Involve
ment in Soviet Afghan War During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the SSG deployed
there, disguised as Afghans and provided support to the Mujahideen fighting the
Soviets. Author Aukai Collins, in the book My Jihad, gave the Pakistani infiltr
ators the title "Black Storks".[5]. They appear to have engaged the Soviet Airbo
rne Forces in major battles such as the January 1988 Battle for Hill 3234 in whi
ch the Russians lost six men while the SSG did not lose a single soldier. Anothe
r battle sometimes reported as having been fought between the Pakistanis and Sov
iet troops, in Kunar Province in March 1986, appears to have actually been fough
t between the GRU Spetsnaz s 15th Spetsnaz Brigade, and the Asama Bin Zaid regim
ent of Afghan mujahideen under Commander Assadullah, belonging to Abdul Rasul Sa
yyaf s faction.[6] Siachin and Kargil War The SSG were also active on their east
ern border with India and fought well in Siachen though in one or two instances
taking heavy casualties.[3] In the preliminary stages of the 1999 Kargil Operati
ons the SSG performed well, infiltrating relatively deep into Indian territory u
ndetected and subsequently were used as stock infantry troops to hold posts/defe
nsive positions.[3] In 1980, the SSG s Musa Company, which was originally formed
in 1970 as a combat diver unit, was given the antiterrorist operations role. Mu
sa Company got the best founders in the beginning like Major Faiz Akbar Shah and
Captain Sajjad Ali Shah. They were UDT/Seals qualified from class 79 of America
n Navy Seals. Captain Sajjad, who later retired as a Lieutenant Colonel was a sa
lvage expert and had the intensive training of under water demolition. Musa Comp
any was trained by British SAS advisers in mid-1981.[3] Recently, SSG has been a
ctive in anti-terrorist operations in Pakistan s restive western borders with Af
ghanistan and fighting Islamic extremists in Pakistani cities such as the Lal Ma
sjid siege.[7] Doctrine The SSG was initially formed as a special operations for
ce to be used against enemy forces in times of war. The American Green Berets we
re chosen as a template due to their superb performance in the Korean War. The K
orean terrain was similar to the Kashmiri terrain where Pakistan had border disp
utes with India. In 1953-54 the Pakistan Army raised an elite commando formation
with US Army assistance and by 1964, the SSG became HALO/HAHO qualified. Howeve
r, several instances of domestic terrorism saw that additional training was need
ed to teach the SSG the skills of anti-terrorist operations. In 1970 an anti-ter
rorist role was added but the unit went fully operational until it received trai
ning by British SAS advisors in Cherat during mid-1981. The Americans had a stri
ct policy of the military not intervening domestically and relying on the FBI an
d SWAT to deal with those problems. The British on the other hand had incorporat
ed Anti-terrorist training into their special forces, the SAS, due to the troubl
es in Northern Ireland. Capabilities The SSG are trained and qualified to carry
out missions in unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, special reconn
aissance, direct action by sabotage and offensive raiding in medium and deep bat
tlespace, Counter terrorism, counterproliferation, VIP protection, and informati
on and intelligence gathering operations in deep battlespace. Other duties inclu
de coalition warfare and support, combat search and rescue (CSAR), security assi
stance, peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, humanitarian de-mining, and count
er-drug operations. The SSG have also served as Air Marshals for Pakistan Intern
ational Airlines. The SSG has a presence in a large number Arab/Muslim countries
through its training/advisory teams in which basic training, setting up special
forces programs, CI ops and VIP security is taught.[3] In 1986, the SSG began l
arge-scale training of the Sri Lankan Commando Regiment to help them against the
LTTE fighters.[3] In 1994, the SSG trained the Special Services Regiment of the
Malaysian Army in high-altitude warfare in preparation for their deployment and
operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of the United Nations peacekeepers.[2]
The operational doctrine of the SSG is a mixture of US, Chinese and British SAS
tactics and philosophy with a great deal of experience from the Afghan War, Sia
chen, Kashmir and Kargil thrown in.[3] The SSG showed their tough physical condi
tioning when they marched past the saluting dais in double time, a very tiring p
rocedure, during the annual March 23 Pakistan day parade in Islamabad.[3] Operat
ions Military operations • The SSG were first used in 1965 in the state of Jammu
& Kashmir. Codenamed Operation Gibraltar, their aim was continued reconnaissanc
e, sabotage of Indian Military facilities and eventual liberation of Kashmir fro
m Indian control. [8] • In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 they were once again u
sed, this time in assistance to regular infantry units and for nonconventional a
nd rescue operations. SSG conducted what would be considered to be "classic spec
ial forces missions" against Indian forces during this war. Eventually faced aga
inst massive political and military onslaught in East Pakistan, the SSG could do
little in turning the tide of war.[9] Of note is that Pervez Musharraf commande
d a company of commandos during the war. It s told that it were basically some S
SG troops who arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at the night of 25 March 1971 durin
g the Operation Searchlight, who sent the message to Dhaka Cantonment headquarte
rs saying, "Big bird in the cage". • The SSG was active in Afghanistan in the 19
80s during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, conducting different type of cove
rt and direct action missions. Again when the balance of power shifted, it led s
ome covert operations against the very Afghan government (Taliban) that Pakistan
(along with Saudi Arabia and UAE) had once aided, this time as part of the alli
ed forces in operation Enduring Freedom. The SSG has aided in the capture of man
y senior Al Qaeda leaders, most notably Abu Zubaida and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed •
The SSG has partnered with the US CIA s elite Special Activities Division and h
as been very active "on the ground" inside the Federally Administered Tribal Are
as (FATA) targeting al-Qa ida operatives for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Preda
tor strikes. [10] These strike have led to what has been described as highly suc
cessful counterterrorism operations.
[11][12]
• •
The SSG has also conducted many operations in Siachen Glacier against Indian pos
itions. The most noted one took place in 1987 when Pervez Musharraf (then brigad
ier) orchestrated a successful SSG unit assault on Indian posts. In addition, so
me covert operations in United Nations military missions in Bosnia and Herzegovi
na, Somalia and Sierra Leone have also been executed by SSG operators.
The involvement in the Kargil War involved early gains which were later lost due
to determined Indian Army assaults, resulting in the eventual return of Pakista
ni forces to the Line of Control. • SSG Commandos abseiled down from helicopters
into Daggar, a town N.West of Islambad, killing up to 50 militants in Operation
Black Thunderstorm. Counter terrorism operations • On September 1986, Pan Am Fl
ight 73 was hijacked by four Palestinian terrorists while it was refuelling in K
arachi. As negotiations stalled and the terrorists started to kill the passenger
s, the SSG stormed the plane. The SSG killed 1 hijacker and captured the rest. 2
1 passengers died and over a hundred were injured. Many inadequacies within the
SSG regarding such missions were revealed and were later addressed.[2] • On Febr
uary 1994, Afghan hijackers took over a school bus with 74 children and 8 teache
rs because they wanted the Pakistan government to re-open the Pakistan-Afghanist
an border and improve conditions of the Afghan refugee camps. They drove to the
Afghan mission in Islamabad where they released 57 students but kept 16 boys and
the teachers. The negotiations lead nowhere and it was decided to free the host
ages by force. The Pakistani authorities had somehow managed to inform the child
ren of the impending raid.[2] The SSG commandos used a secondary explosion as a
distraction and entered the room at the Afghan embassy where the hostages were b
eing held, killing the three hijackers.[2] • On May 1998, three members of the B
aluchistan Students Federation took over a PIA Fokker plane because they were an
gry at the government for conducting nuclear tests in Baluchistan. As negotiatio
ns dragged, the SSG commandos rushed the plane and apprehended all 3 hijackers.
None of the passengers were harmed during the assault. • On July 2007, the SSG w
as the main assault force which re-took the Lal Masjid from Islamic extremists.
The SSG suffered 11 killed and 33 wounded.[13] On September 13, 2007 a suicide b
omber killed at least 20 personnel of the SSG and injured dozens others at the o
fficers’ mess of the sensitive cantonment area of Tarbela-Ghazi.[14] The blast h
as reported to been a vendetta attack by the Islamic fundamentalists who were at
tacked in the Red Masjid siege in July.[15] According to reliable sources a civi
lian wearing a white cap with a long beard walked with his bicycle towards the S
SG mess and blew himself up there.[16] • On 30 March 2009, SSG successfully part
icipated in thwarting the 2009 Lahore police academy attacks.[17][18] • On 10 Oc
tober 2009, militants attacked the Pakistan Military Headquarters, taking hostag
e 42 civil and military officials. SSG commandos rescued 39 hostages and killed
9 militants, capturing one.The militants have been linked to a former SSG operat
or, Ilyas Kashmiri being a leading Al Quaida commander operating along side Tehr
ik-e-Taliban. A total of six SSG commandos and three hostages were killed in the
operation.As reported by ISPR (Inter Services Public Relations) http://www.ispr
.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=930. The operation was undertaken by
SSG s Counter Terrorism Force. [19] Three more SSG commandos, injured during th
e operation, passed away in the hospital on October 12.[20] SSG interaction with
other elite units SSG conducts regular (bi-annual) exercises with the Turkish S
pecial Forces which have been designated as the "Ataturk" series. The first of t
hese exercises was held in December, 1998. The Turkish force included 21 officer
s and 14 non-commissioned officers. The second exercise of this series was held
in November 2000, while Atatürk-III concluded in September 2002.[21] During the
1980s and then into the 1990s, SSG held many similar training exercises with US
Special Forces called "Inspired Venture". These exercises were usually held duri
ng the early months of January and February with approximately 150 US troops. Th
e exercises were focused on weapon familiarization and use, mountain-warfare alo
ng with tactics, raids and ambushes, and eventually airborne operations. With a
new phase in U.S.-Pakistan relations, military cooperation has been restarted an
d joint exercises have already started anew.[citation needed] The SSG also condu
cts exercises with Chinese special forces, which is a strong ally of Pakistan. I
n 2006, China and Pakistan conducted an eight-day exercise called the Pakistan-C
hina Joint Exercise Friendship-2006.[22] SSG has also been reported to train wit
h the Jordanian and Iranian special forces and regularly conducts training for s
pecial forces of other friendly Middle Eastern countries who opt to come to Cher
at. Organization Pakistani Special Forces have 10 battalions (bns): • 1st Comman
do Yaldram Battalion • 6th Commando Samsaam Battalion • 2nd Commando Rahber Batt
alion • 7th Commando Battalion • 3rd Commando Pawindha Battalion • 8th Commando
Battalion • 4th Commando Yalghar Battalion • 9th Commando Battalion • 5th Comman
do Zalzaal Battalion • 10th Commando Battalion Each battalion consist of 700 men
in four companies, with each company split into platoons and then into 10 men t
eams. Battalions are commanded by Lieutenant Colonels Plus three independent com
mando companies: • Zarrar (Jarri)Battalion - Specializes in Counter Terrorism •
Musa (Moses) Amphibious operations company • karrar (Hadri)Battalion - Specializ
es in Counter terrorism Training SSG officers must have at least two years of pr
ior military experience and volunteer from other formations for three-year assig
nments with the SSG; non-commissioned officers and enlisted men volunteer from o
ther formations to serve permanently in the SSG. All trainees must participate i
n an eight month SSG course at Cherat. The SSG course emphasizes tough physical
conditioning. Included is a 50 mile march in 12 hours, a gruelling requirement t
hat was first institutionalized by Brigider Tariq Mehmood Sitara Jurat and Bar o
ver it. They are also required to run 5 miles in 40 minutes with full gear. Foll
owing the SSG course, trainees must go through the airbourne training to get the
ir Commando wing form the SSG Airborne School. The course last four weeks, with
wings awarded after seven (five day, two night) jumps. Many in the SSG school ar
e selected for additional specialist training. A HALO course is given at Peshawa
r with a "Skydiver" tab awarded after 25 freefall jumps. A "Mountain Warfare" qu
alification badge is given after completing a course at the Mountain Warfare Sch
ool in Abbotabad; and a "Combat Diver" badge is awarded for the course held by t
he Naval Special Services Group SSGN at Karachi. Three classes of combat swimmer
s are recognized: 1st class to those completing an 18 mile swim, 2nd class to th
ose finishing a 12 mile swim, and 3rd class for a 6 mile swim. SSG regularly sen
ds
•
students to the US for special warfare and airborne training. Later on due to Si
achen crisis, a Snow and High Altitude Warfare School was also established in no
rther area after getting it bifrcated from the Army School of Physiacal training
and mountain warfare located at Abottabad SSG officers also have a unique recor
d of crossing the Mangla lake at its widest when it was full in the month of Aug
ust 1971 as part of their watermanship training, a distance of 6 miles in 2 hour
s and 35 mins. It was done by Capts Yasub Dogar, Capt later Commander SSG, Brig
Akram, Capt Tolebaz and Capt Habib. This record is yet to be equalled. Deploymen
t Components of the battalions are constantly rotated between Cherat, Attock, an
d any other hot spots (such as PakistanIndia border or when Pakistani forces are
deployed overseas as part of the UN peace keeping operations) in order to provi
de experience to the operators. The SSG are used to provide security to various
vital points such as the strategic nuclear facilities in Pakistan. It is thought
that a number of SSG operators are stationed in Saudi Arabia for the protection
of the Saudi royal family. Many SSG Officers and other ranks are routinely seco
nded to the Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) for clandestine and
reconnaissance missions.[citation needed] otable members of SSG • Brigadier Tar
iq Mehmood (known as the father of Special Services Group Pakistan Army). • Gene
ral (retired) Mirza Aslam Beg the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army from
1987 to 1991. As a major, Beg commanded an SSG company in 1960 to remove the Naw
ab of Dir in Chitral in the northern part of North-West Frontier Province. • Gen
eral (retired) Shamim Alam Khan, former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
. As a major, he commanded the SSG company in Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, for wh
ich he was awarded Sitara-e-Jurat. • General (retired) Pervez Musharraf former P
resident of Pakistan and a former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army. In t
he Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he served as a Company Commander in the SSG Comma
ndo Battalion. aval and Air Force Main articles: Special Service Group Navy and
Special Service Wing The SSG also has a unit in the Pakistan Navy modelled on th
e U.S. Navy SEALs and British SBS called the Special Service Group Navy (SSGN).
The SSGN currently maintains headquarters in Karachi headed by the Pakistan Navy
Commander. It has a strength of one company and is assigned to unconventional w
arfare operations in the coastal regions. During war it is assigned to midget su
bmarines. Operatives are also trained in underwater demolition and clearance div
ing. All other training is similar to the army SSG with specific marine oriented
inputs provided at its headquarters. The strength of the navy commandos is put
at 1,000.[citation needed] After the 1965 war with India, Air Commodore Mukhtar
Ahmed Dogar SJ who had flown Royal Indian Air Force air crafts supporting the Ch
indits Operating behind Japanese lines in Burma was instrumental in creating a s
pecial forces unit for the Pakistan Air Force called the 312 Special Service Win
g (SSW). It was put in suspended animation in 1972 but revived in 1999 The unit
was modeled on the US Air Force s 1st Special Operations Wing unit and the US Ar
my s Rangers. This new component of the Special Forces of Pakistan has been rece
ntly created and fields a force of 1,000 -1400 men. They can under take Airborne
Assaults, heli borne Assault, HAHO Operations, They are trained to take action
against the enemy s Airforce related targets. They can also be assigned for sabo
tage missions. Appearance and equipment Uniforms The commandos are distinguished
by their insignia of maroon berets, a common color for the airborne troops, wit
h a silver metal tab on a light blue felt square with a dagger and lightning bol
ts, and a wing on the right side of the chest. The combat uniform of the SSG is
similar to the US woodland pattern camouflage coat and pants. Other uniforms inc
lude camouflage and black dungarees (for the CT team). SSGN (SSG Navy) is distin
guished by a dark blue beret with three versions of the "fouled anchor" navy bad
ge for officers, NCOs and enlisted men. A metal SSGN qualification badge featuri
ng a vertical dagger superimposed over a midget submarine is worn over the left
pocket on dress uniforms. Parachute wings are worn over the right pocket. While
SSW (Special Services Wing) is distinguished by maroon berets with PAf Officer,
JCO or Airmen berrit insignia on the beret, and a wing on the right side of the
chest. The combat uniform of the SSW is Olive Drab camouflage. The also wear the
ir Special service wing insignia on the left shoulder "Winged Dragons and lightn
ing bolts" . Equipment The SSG could be equipped with an array of modern weaponr
y which includes, Steyr AUG, HK G3, and Chinese Type81/56 rifles, Colt M4 Carbin
es, and FN P90[2][23] and HK-MP5 Sub-machine guns (many different variants). Lig
ht machine gun in use is Rheinmetall MG3 (locally produced along with HK G3s and
MP5s). In sniper or Marksman role, the SSG CT (CounterTerrorism) teams are equi
pped with Steyr SSG 69 and Finnish Tikka bolt-action rifles and HK PSG1 and Drag
unov SVD Semiautomatic rifles. Pistols include various Heckler & Koch models. Re
ferences 1. ^ http://orbat.com/site/toe/toe/pakistan/ssg.html 2. ^ a b c d e f "
Special Service Group (Army)". PakDef. http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/r
egiments/ssg.html. 3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Singh Bajwa, Mandeep. "P
akistan Special Service Group". http://orbat.com/site/toe/toe/pakistan/ssg.html.
Retrieved 2007-07-21. 4. ^ A.H. Amin "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin M
anto" Defence Journal, February 2002 5. ^ My Jihad: One American s Journey Throu
gh the World of Usama Bin Laden--as a Covert Operative for the American Governme
nt. Aukai Collins. ISBN 0-7434-7059-1. 6. ^ Lester W. Grau & Ali Ahmed Jalali, F
orbidden Cross-Border Vendetta: Spetsnaz Strike into Pakistan during the SovietA
fghan War, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, December 2005, p.1-2 Referenced c
opy was obtained via the Foreign Military Studies Office website 7. ^ "Mosque si
ege ends, and grim cleanup begins". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.c
om/cgibin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/07/12/MNGOTQUTPG1.DTL. 8. ^ Kashmiris didn’
t back Pakistan in 1965: Gohar 9. ^ Book Review Tarikh ke Aine Main By Lt. Col.
(retd) Ghulam Dawn 10. ^ Secret U.S. Unit Trains Commandos in Pakistan, Eric Sch
mit and Jane Perlez, New York Times, 22 February 09 11. ^ CIA Pakistan Campaign
is Working Director Say, Mark Mazzetti and Helene Cooper, New York Times, 26 Feb
ruary 09, A15 12. ^ http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/us_world/Panetta_warns_agains
t_politicization.html?extpar=polit 13. ^ "Pakistani Forces Kill Last Holdouts in
Red Masjid". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/artic
le/2007/07/11/AR2007071100367.html.
14. ^ Dead belonged to company deployed at Lal Masjid, Jamia Hafsa’ By Javed Iqb
al & Mushtaq Yusufzai The News, Pakistan September 14, 2007 15. ^ Bomb in Pakist
an Kills at Least 15 From Elite Unit By SALMAN MASOOD and ISMAIL KHAN September
14, 2007 16. ^ Blast case registered -DAWN - Top Stories; September 16, 2007 17.
^ Faisal Ali, Mohammad (2009-03-30). "13 killed, 100 injured as forces recaptur
e Manawan academy". Dawn TV. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%
20Library/dawn/news/pakistan/attack-on-police-academyleaves-8-dead--150-injured-
-il. Retrieved 2009-03-31. 18. ^ Nawaz, Hamid (2009-03-30). "Lahore under attack
again: 12 dead, 90 injured in bloody siege at police academy, three gunmen capt
ured". Aaj TV. http://www.aaj.tv/news/Latest/105_detail.html. Retrieved 2009-03-
31. 19. ^ "Pakistan commandos rescue 39 hostages, three killed". Reuters. 2009-1
0-11. http://www.reuters.com/article/asiaCrisis/idUSSP477910. Retrieved 2009-10-
11. 20. ^ "Senior officers were main target of GHQ attack". The News. 2009-10-13
. http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24981. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
21. ^ Special Service Group (Army) 22. ^ "Joint Anti-terror Military Exercise C
oncludes". Xinhua News Agency. http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/193029.htm.
23. ^ "The Special Services Group". Haider, Shahnam. 2007. http://www.specwarne
t.net/world/pakistan_ssg.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-04. Recommended reading • Tarikh
ke Aine Main (Urdu) By Lt. Col. (retd) Ghulam, Published by Jilani Khan Headqua
rters SSG, Cherat Sources and external links • SSG history and Missions • More i
nfo and pictures on SSG • Navy SSG information • Orbit on SSG
Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman The Special Service Group (SSG) is an in
dependent commandos detachment from the Pakistani Army. Official numbers are put
at 2,100 men, in 3 Battalions; however the actual strength is classified. It is
estimated to have been increased to 4 Battalions, with the eventual formation o
f 2 Brigades of Special Forces (6 Battalions). Based out of Cherat and Attock, t
he SSG started out in the 1950s with active support from U.S. Special Operations
Forces as an irregular military unit called the 19th Baluch Regiment. SSG offic
ers must have at least two years of prior military experience and volunteer from
other formations for three-year assignments with the SSG; NCO and enlisted men
volunteer from other formations to serve permanently in the SSG. All trainees mu
st participate in an eight-month SSG courses which includes 36-mile march or mor
e in 12 hours, a grueling requirement that was first institutionalized by 19 Bal
uch. They are also required to run 5 miles in 40 minutes with full gear, fully l
oaded. Following the SSG course, trainees must volunteer for Airborne School. Th
is course lasts for four weeks and all SSG recruits must pass this course and wi
ngs are attainted after conducting 5 day and 2 night static-line jumps. A large
number of the SSG operators are also HALO/HAHO qualified. Additionally, a Counte
r-terrorist hostage rescue company commonly referred to as Zarrar (previously Mu
sa) Company (all companies and Battalions of the SSG have names ascribed to them
) is also part of the SSG. Many are selected for additional specialist training.
A course is given at Peshawar with a skydiver tab awarded after 5 freefall ju
mps. A "Mountain Warfare" qualification badge is given after completing a course
at the Mountain Warfare School in Abbotabad; and a "Combat Diver" badge is awar
ded for the course held by the Naval Special Services Group SSGN at Karachi. Thr
ee classes of combat swimmers were recognized: 1st class to those completing an
18-mile or more swim in designated time period; 2nd class to those finishing a 1
2-mile swim; and 3rd class for a 6-mile swim. Initially, SSG officers were sent
in large numbers to the United States for Special Forces training. Today, it con
sists of various companies within each battalion specialized in specific roles i
ncluding desert warfare, ranger, mountain warfare. Due to Siachen crisis, a Snow
and High Altitude Warfare School was also established. Operations The SSG were
first used in 1964 in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. Codenamed Operation Gibralta
r, their aim was continued reconnaissance, sabotage of Indian Military facilitie
s and eventual liberation of Kashmir from Indian control. This Operation was a f
ailure and led to a full scale war after India discovered the infiltrators and a
ttacked Pakistan in retaliation. In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 they were onc
e again used, this time in assistance to regular infantry units and for non-conv
entional and rescue operations. SSG conducted what would be considered to be "cl
assic special forces missions" against Indian forces during this war. Eventually
faced against massive political and military onslaught in East Pakistan, the SS
G could do little in turning the tide of war. Of note is that Pervez Musharraf c
ommanded a company of commandos during the war. The SSG was active in Afghanista
n in
the 1980s during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, conducting different type o
f covert and direct action missions. Again when the balance of power shifted, it
led some covert operations against the very Afghan government (Taliban) that Pa
kistan (along with Saudi Arabia and UAE) had once aided, this time as part of th
e allied forces in operation Enduring Freedom. The SSG has aided in the capture
of many senior Al Qaeda leaders, most notably Abu Zubaida and Khalid Shaikh Moha
mmed and conducts regular operations as part of the Pakistani Special Operations
Task Force in the Tribal Areas of North West Pakistan. The SSG has also conduct
ed many operations in Siachen Glacier against Indian positions. The most noted o
ne took place in 1987 when Pervez Musharraf (then Brigadier) led an SSG unit ass
ault on Indian posts before being beaten back. [1] In addition, some covert Oper
ations in United Nations Military missions in Bosnia Herzegovina, Somalia and Si
erra Leone have also been executed by SSG operators. The involvement in the Karg
il War involved early gains which were later lost due to political/military pres
sure and eventual withdrawal of Pakistani forces to the Line of Control. Organiz
ation Pakistani Special Forces have 3 battalions (bns): • 1st "Yaldaram" Command
o Battalion, • 2nd "Pawinda" Commando Battalion, • 3rd "Rahbar" Commando Battali
on. Plus two independent Commando companies: • "Zararr" Company - Antiterrorist
company and, • Musa" Company - A combat diver unit. Components of the Battalions
are constantly rotated between Cherat, Attock, and any other hot spot (such as
Pakistan-India border or when Pakistani forces are deployed overseas as part of
the UN Peace Keeping operations) in order to provide experience to the operators
. The SSG is also used for providing security to various vital points such as th
e strategic nuclear facilities in Pakistan. It is thought that a number of SSG o
perators are stationed in Saudi Arabia for the protection of the Saudi royal fam
ily. Many SSG Officers and other ranks are routinely seconded to the Directorate
of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) for clandestine and reconnaissance mission
s. The SSG also has a unit in the Pakistan Navy modeled on the US Navy SEALs : N
SSG, otherwise known as SSGN. The SSGN currently maintains headquarters in Karac
hi headed by Pakistan Navy Commander. It has a strength of one company and is as
signed to unconventional warfare operations in the coastal regions. During war i
t is assigned to Midget submarines. Operatives are also trained in Underwater De
molition and Clearance Diving. All other training is similar to the Army SSG wit
h specific marine oriented inputs provided at its Headquarters. The strength of
the Navy commandos is put at 1,000. Uniforms The commandos are distinguished by
their insignia of maroon berets with a silver metal tab on a light blue felt squ
are with a dagger & lightning bolts, and a wing on right side of chest. The comb
at uniform of the SSG is similar to the US woodland pattern camouflage coat and
Khaki Pants. Other uniforms include cammies and black dungarees (for the CT team
). SSGN (SSG Navy) is distinguished by a dark blue beret with three versions of
the "fouled anchor" Navy badge for officers, NCOs and enlisted men. A metal SSGN
qualification badge featuring a vertical dagger superimposed over a midget subm
arine is worn over the left pocket on dress uniforms. Parachute wings are worn o
ver the right pocket. Selection Each member of the Pakistani army (ground, air,
sea) can volunteer for SSG selection. The SSG s training course lasts six months
to a year. To become a member of SSG, a soldier must be in the army for at leas
t three years. Then passing all required medical and psychological testing. Much
of the SSG s training involves mountain warfare do to the Pakistani terrain. Me
mbers also train in specialized roles such as Airborne and combat diving. Links
http://en.allexperts.com/e/s/sp/special_service_group.htm http://www.brentflynn.
com/brent/pakistan.htm
Pakistan Army FC
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Full name ickname(s) Founded Ground Chairm
an Manager League PPL 2008 Pakistan Army Football Club The Soldiers 1950 Army St
adium, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Capacity: 7,000) Brig. Saleem Nawaz Major Shafqat M
ehmood Pakistan Premier League 2nd
The Pakistan Army FC are a Pakistani football club who play in the Pakistan Prem
ier League. They have won the league under its current format twice, in 2005 and
2006/7. They won the National Championship in 1993/94 and 1995. They have also
been Cup winners twice, in 2000 and 2001.[1] [2] Since the turn of the millenniu
m, Army have become one of the three dominant clubs in Pakistan. This has been a
ided by their good training facilities in comparison to other teams and their fi
nancial resources. In the 2006/7 season, keeper Jaffar Khan set a new Pakistani
record by remaining unbeaten for 1170 minutes. The Pakistan Army represented Pak
istan in the AFC President s Cup 2006, and again 2007 as last seasons national c
hampions. In both instances, Army has showed a poor performances finishing botto
m of their groups and failing to qualify for the next rounds of the tournaments.
Achievements • Pakistan Premier League: 4 1993/94, 1995, 2005, 2006/07 • Pakist
an ational Football Challenge Cup: 2 2000, 2001 • Quaid-i-Azam Shield : 5 1995,
1997, 2001, 2004, 2007 Performance in AFC Competitions • Asian Club Championship
: 1 appearance 1994: Qualifying - 2nd round • AFC President s Cup: 2 appearances
2006: Group Stage 2007: Group Stage Current Squad o. Position Player 1 GK Jaffa
r Khan (captain) 2 DF Muhammad Shahbaz 3 DF Muhammad Khabab 4 DF Muhammad Kashif
Shah 5 DF Ghulam Mustafa 6 MF Majid Khan 7 MF Michael Masih 8 MF Babar Mehmood
9 FW Adnan Bari 10 FW Muhammad Sajid 11 FW Imran Hussain 12 DF Tanveer Shahid o.
Position Player 13 MF Khalid Munir 14 FW Jafar Ali 15 DF Mohammad Imran 16 DF U
mar Daraz 17 FW Muhammad Sajid 18 GK Muhammad Imran 19 DF Muhammad Sharif 20 MF
Faheem Riaz 21 MF Muhammad Shabbir 22 MF Mubashar Hussain 23 DF Gulzar Ahmed 24
GK Mahmood Ahmed
References ^ Pakistan - List of Champions ^ Pakistan - List of Cup Winners
U.S. Army soldiers with the 212th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital and Pakistan arm
y personnel from the 67th Medical Battalion form an honor guard carrying the fla
gs of both countries during a transfer of authority ceremony in Muzaffarabad, Pa
kistan, Feb. 16, 2006. The U.S. military is participating in a Pakistani-led rel
ief operation designed to aid victims of the devastating earthquake that struck
the region Oct. 8, 2005. U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Joseph McLean
Pakistan Army Order of Battle – Corps Insignia
Pakistan Army Division Insignia
OPERATIONAL AWARDS
NISHAN-I-HAIDER - HILAL-I-JUR AT - SITARA-I-JUR AT - TAMGHA-I-JUR AT
CAMPAIGN/WAR MEDALS
TAMGHA-I-DIFA - SITARA-I-HARAB (1965 WAR) - SITARA-I-HARAB (1971 WAR) - TAMGHA-I
-JA G (1965 WAR) TAMGHA-I-JA G (1971 WAR)
NON-OPERATIONAL AWARDS
SITARA-I-BASALAT – TAMGHA-I-BASALAT - NISHAN-IMTIAZ (MILITARY) - HILAL-I-IMTIAZ
SITARA-I-IMTIAZ - TAMGHA-I-IMTIAZ (MILITARY) - TAMGHA-I-KHIDMAT (MILITARY) CLASS
-I TAMGHA-I-KHIDMAT (MILITARY) CLASS-II - TAMGHA-I-KHIDMAT (MILITARY) CLASS-III
SERVICE MEDALS
SERVICE MEDAL (10 YEARS) SERVICE MEDAL (20 YEARS) SERVICE MEDAL (30 YEARS) SERVI
CE MEDAL (40 YEARS)
COMMEMORATIVE MEDALS
PAKISTA MEDAL 1947 - TAMGHA-I-SAD SAALA JASHA -I-WILADAT-I-QUAID-I-AZAM - REPUBL
IC COMMEMORATIVE MEDAL - HIJRI MEDAL – Democracy Medal - PAKISTA RESOLUTIO DAY G
OLDE JUBILEE MEDAL 1990
PAKISTAN INDEPENDENCE DAY GOLDEN JUBILEE MEDAL 1997 - TAMGHA-I-BAQA - IMTIAZI SA
AD