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Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells both have DNA as their genetic

material, are covered by a cell membrane, contain RNA, and are both
made from the same basic chemical (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic
acid, minerals, fats, and vitamins). They both contain ribosomes.
Eukaryotic cells contain large ribosomes and Prokaryotic cells contain
small ribosomes. Both of them also regulate the flow of the nutrients
and wastes that enter and leave them. Some other things they have in
common are they both have similar basic metabolism like
photosynthesis and reproduction. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
require a supply of energy and are both highly regulated by elaborate
sensing systems that make them aware of the reactions within them
and the environment around them. They also both contain plasma
membranes. Eukaryotic cells have simple cilia and flagella while
prokaryotic cells have complex.
As for the genetic material, prokaryotic cells do not have a true
nucleus, are located within the cytoplasm, and are not bound by a
special membrane. They also consist of a single molecule of DNA.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, are located within the nucleus,
and are bound by a double membrane-bound compartment within the
cytoplasm. They also have numerous molecules of DNA combined with
protein, and are organized into chromosomes.
Some prokaryotic cells have photosynthetic membranes arising
from the plasma membrane. Instead of having chromosomal DNA,
prokaryotic cells genetic information is in a circular loop called a
plasmid. They also have cell walls made up of peptidoglycan. These
cells are represented by the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, and
sometimes contain a capsule. Prokaryotic cells contain three major
types of shapes, such as, rod shaped, spherical, and spiral. The
organisms within the prokaryotic cells are bacteria and cyanobacteria
(also known as blue algae). Bacterial cells are about one to two um in
diameter and ten um long. Unlike the eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic
cells do not go through elaborate replication processes, bacterial cells
divide by binary fission.
Eukaryotic cells have a cytomembrane system of connected
membrane structures and membrane bounded compartments
specialized to perform specific functions. They also contain the
endomembrane system, which carries out a variety of tasks in the cell.
Some of the tasks include synthesis of proteins and their transport into
membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and
movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons. This system includes
the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, various kinds of vacuoles, and the plasma membrane.
They also contain peroxisomes and chromosomes. These cells are
represented by the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Eukaryotic cells are about ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.

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