A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
AUTOMATED HYDRAULIC JACK WITH AIR SYSTEM
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Affiliated to
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

(Session 2015-16)
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Dhananjay Kumar
Assistant Prof.
Mechanical Department

SUBMITTED BY:
Md Asghar Khalil (12EPCME734)
Pranau Kumar (12EPCME354)
Shailesh Kumar Gupta (12EPCME751)
Khushal Bansal (12EPCME728)
Mahip Dosi (12EPCME730)
Vijay Pal Singh (12EPCME759)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ISI 06, RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA
JAIPUR 302022
1

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Major Project Report, entitled
Automated Hydraulic Jack With Air System in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering, and submitted to the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur is a record of our own
work investigations carried under the guidance of

Mr. Dharmendra Kumawat.

We have not submitted the matter presented in this Major Project Report anywhere for the award
of any other Degree.

Md Asghar Khalil (12EPCME734)

Pranau Kumar (12EPCME354)
Shailesh Kumar Gupta (12EPCME751)
Khushal Bansal (12EPCME728)
Mahip Dosi (12EPCME730)
Vijay Pal Singh (12EPCME759)

[Counter Signed by]

Name of Guide
Mr. Dharmendra Kumawat
Asst.Prof.
Mechanical Dept.
Date: _________
Place: ________

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Date: 12/04/2016

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Major Project report entitled Automated Hydraulic Jack with Air
System

has

been

submitted

Kumar(12EPCME354),

by

Shailesh

Md

Asghar

Kumar

Khalil(12EPCME734),

Gupta(12EPCME751),

Pranau
Khushal

Bansal(12EPCME728), Mahip Dosi(12EPCME730), Vijay Pal Singh(12EPCME759), in

partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering during the session 2015-16, Even Semester. The project work is found satisfactory
and approved for final submission.

Mr. DharmendraKumawat

Mr. Dhananjay Kumar

Project Guide

Project Co-Ordinator

Dr. Ashok Kumar Sharma

Dr. OmPrakash Sharma

HOD, ME Department

Campus Director

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project entitled Automated Hydraulic Jack with Air System has been a unique
experience for us. Words could never be enough to express our true regards to all those who in
some or the other way helped us in completing this project. We cant in full measure, reciprocate
the kindness shown and contribution made by various persons on this endeavor of ours. We shall
always remember them with gratitude and sincerity. We take this opportunity to thank all those
who have been instrumental in completion of our training.
We express our sincere thanks to our Project Guide Mr. Dharmendra Kumawat for guiding us
right from the inception till the successful completion of the project. We sincerely acknowledge
him for extending his valuable guidance, support for literature, critical reviews of project and the
report and above all the moral he had provided to us with all stages of this project.
I want to give sincere thanks to the Campus Director, Dr. Om Prakash Sharma, Head of the
Department Dr. Ashok Kumar Sharma, Project Coordinator Mr. Dhananjay Kumar for his
valuable support.
Md Asghar Khalil (12EPCME734)
Pranau Kumar (12EPCME354)
Shailesh Kumar Gupta (12EPCME751)
Khushal Bansal (12EPCME728)
Mahip Dosi (12EPCME730)
Vijay Pal Singh (12EPCME759)

TABLE OF CONTENT
SR. NO.

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4
4.1
4.2
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6
6.1

TITLE

PAGE NO.
I
II
III
IV
V
VII
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
8
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
15
15
15
16
17
18
18

COVER PAGE
CANDIDATES DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF FIGURE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Pascals Principal
Equipment Selection
Material Handling
HYDRAULIC JACK
Construction
Description
Parts Of Hydraulic Cylinder
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic Fluids
Hydraulic Cylinder
Specification Of Hydraulic Jack
Operation
WIPER MOTOR
Description
Design
Operation
Powering The Motor
RACK AND PINION
Actuator
Steering
AIR COMPRESSOR
Type Of Air Compressor
Working Principle
Description
Functions Of Air Compressor
CIRCUIT PROGRAMME
Electronic Circuit
5

6.2
6.3
7
8

Categorizing Of Electric Circuit

Working Of Electric Circuit
COST ANALYSIS
SCOPE OF PROJECT IN FUTURE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INDIVIDUALS ROLE IN THE PROJECT
OUTCOME OF WORKING IN GROUP
PHOTO CANOPY

19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

TABLE OF FIGURE
SR. NO.
2.1
3.1

TITLE
Hydraulic Bottle Jack
Wiper Motor

PAGE NO.
5
8

3.2

Operation of Wiper Motor

10

3.3
4.1
4.2
5.1
6.1
6.2
6.3

Motor Circuit
Rack And Pinion
Rack And Pinion Arrangement
DC Air Compressor
Air Fill up in Tyre
Program Circuit
Component Of Electronic Circuit

11
12
13
16
18
19
20

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic jack system is attached to automobile vehicle on front and rear part of the chassis. An
automobile hydraulic jack system can be easily attached to all currently manufacture automobile
chassis and frames. There is a front suspension hydraulic jack that is mounted centrally to the
front suspension of an automobile between its front wheels. There is also a rear suspension
hydraulic jack that is mounted centrally to the rear suspension of the automobile between its rear
wheels. The system operates from a compressed fluid reservoir tank that has connections for the
front and rear car jack outlets. Additional outlets can be added to the compressed fluid reservoir
tank for connecting a hydraulic lug wrench and another for a tire inflating hose. The Major
7

Project entitled Automated hydraulic jack with air system Worked on the principal of hydraulic
power and operated by 12 Volt DC current, solves the all major problem of maintenance of all
automobiles specially the heavy vehicles like truck and bus. This work, if implemented, would
definitely help in the maintenance of automobiles and also in saving of time. In this we also add
the automatic air fill up the tire by the air compressor which is operated with the circuit system
that is work fully automatically.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Hydraulic jacks work on the basis of Pascal's Principle, named for Blaise Pascal, who lived in
the seventeenth century. Basically, the principle states that the pressure in a closed container is
the same at all points. Pressure is described mathematically by a Force divided by Area.
Therefore if you have two cylinders connected together, a small one and a large one, and apply a
small Force to the small cylinder, this would result in a given pressure.
1.1 Pascals Principal

By Pascal's Principle, this pressure would be the same in the larger cylinder, but since the larger
cylinder has more area, the force emitted by the second cylinder would be greater.
This is represented by rearranging the pressure formula
P= F/A, to F = PA.
The pressure stayed the same in the second cylinder, but Area was increased, resulting in a larger
Force.
Generally speaking, there is a wiper control knob, with stalls of low speed, high speed and
intermission, on the handle of auto combination switch. The top of the handle is the key switch,
after pressing which water will erupt to wiper blade, of the scrubber. The scrubber system,
consisting of plastic water tank (1.52 liters), micro-electric centrifugal water pump, pipes,
spray nozzles, is very ordinary equipment in automobiles. Water in the tank is supplied through
the pump to 24 spray nozzles, by which it is extruded into trickles. Then the trickles are
sprayed onto the windshield glass, to clean the glass with the wiper blade.
1.2 Equipment Selection
Hydraulic Jacks are portable devices used for raising heavy objects by means of force applied
with a lever orscrew. The hydraulic jacks are compact and lightweight units that are used for
lifting capacities. They offer easy operation and are fast acting components. The hydraulic jacks
come with inbuilt release pedal for rapid lowering and lugs that make it easy to mount. The
heavy duty chassis prevents the jack from twisting or bending and foot pump provides fast lift to
the load. It also has a safety overload valve that prevents overloading beyond rated capacity.
Unlike the traditional screw type jack which has to be turned with a long handle, the hydraulic
jack uses oil pressure to displace (lift) the vehicle by mere moving a lever or handle up and
down. This is very easy to operate and with this even a child can operate and lift a vehicle using
the hydraulic jack.
Both hydraulic jacks are pivoted on the rectangular struts. The one end of jack is fixed to frame.
The rectangular Struts are kept hollow for reducing the weight. The rectangular paddles are also
pivoted on the other end of struts. Hydraulic jacks are operated by 12 volt DC battery. At a single
time, one and two both jacks can work and vehicle can lift from one side and also from two sides
as per the requirement.
1.3 Material Handling

Bottle or hand jacks, came into wide spread popularity during the early part of the 20th Century,
paralleling the boom of the automobile industry. They filled the immediate need of a small
convenient device requiring only one person to operate that could lift an automobile off the
ground for servicing - It quickly found hundreds of other uses in the modern world, as well.
Bottle/hand jacks have the general appearance of an old 1 quart milk bottle and range in weight
from a few pounds for the smallest 1 1/2 ton models to more than 200 pounds for a 100 ton jack.
Average heights range from about seven inches to 10 inches with a stroke (pushing range) of
about five to six inches. Many jacks in the 1 1/2 to 12 ton capacity group offer a convenient
extension screw giving an extra 3 inches of utility. Aside from the standard sizes, a few brands
offer 'stubby' jacks that start as low as 6 inches. One brand sells a 'telescoping' jack that ranges
from a low height of about 5 inches and extends to a height of more than 10 inches.
Fluid pressure may be used to move and lift objects. This concept follows Pascals law in that
pressure change may be transmitted through a fluid. A hydraulic Jack (or hoist) in an automobile
shop is a typical example. Air pressure acts against a hydraulic fluid (oil) to raise and lower a car.
The oil reservoir has a greater diameter than the cylinder used to raise the automobile, meaning
that small displacements in the oil reservoir result in large height changes in the car.

CHAPTER 2
HYDRAULIC JACK
Hydraulics is the science of transmitting force or motion through the medium of a confined
liquid. In a hydraulic device, power is transmitted by pushing on a confined liquid. The transfer
of energy takes place because a quantity of liquid is subject to pressure. To operate liquidpowered systems, the operator should have knowledge of the basic nature of liquids.
2.1 Construction
For applying load lifting the vehicle by hydraulic Jack hand is operated with separate pumping
unit and is wiper motor. This Jack is portable and available in various capacities. The pumping
10

unit is connected to the hydraulic jack by means of a rigid connecting flat 0.5 meter long. The
approximate lift of the ram is 90 to 120mm. the pumping unit is a single plunger type with
detachable handle. But is modified by replacing a flat. The unit is fixed on a metal frame base
which is fastened with supporting bars. A pressure release valve is provided on the pumping unit.
2.2 Description:
Name: Hydraulic Bottle Jack
Use:Car Jack
Type: Bottle Jack
Capacity (Load): 1-10T
Max Height: 457mm
Min Height: 230mm
N.W: 5.6KG
G.W: 26KG
2.3 Parts of a Hydraulic Cylinder
(1). A hydraulic cylinder consists of the following parts:
(2). Cylinder barrel
(3). Cylinder bottom
(4). Cylinder head
(5). Piston
(6). Cylinder bottom connection
(7). Piston rod connection
(8). Feet for mounting of the barrel
A hydraulic cylinder should be used for pushing and pulling and no bending moments should be
transmitted to the cylinder. For this reason, the ideal connection of a hydraulic cylinder is a
single clevis with a ball bearing

11

Figure 2.1: Hydraulic Bottle Jack

2.4 Hydraulic system
A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump
plunger. Oil is used since it is self-lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws
oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger
moves forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction
valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve
ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the
suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in cylinder.
2.5 Hydraulic Fluids
Hydraulic fluids are a large group of fluids used as the motive medium in hydraulic machinery.
Fluid types include synthetic compounds, mineral oil, water, and water-based mixtures. The
fluids are found in machinery and equipment ranging from brakes, power steering systems, and
transmissions to backhoes, excavators, garbage trucks and industrial shredders. Hydraulic
12

systems are very common in aircraft flight control systems. Hydraulic fluids can contain a wide
range of chemical compounds, including: oils, butanol, esters (e.g. phthalates, like DEHP, and
abdicate, like bis (2- ethylhexyl) adipate), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), phosphate esters (e.g.
tributylphosphate), silicones, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins (PAO) (e.g.
polyisobutenes), corrosion inhibitors, etc.
2.6 Hydraulic Cylinder
A Hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical actuator that is used
to give a linear force through a linear stroke. It has many applications, notably in engineering
vehicles.
2.7 Specification of Hydraulic Jack
1) Rated capacity in tons
2) Jack dimensions
3) Lifting range in-cm
4) Oil capacity in-cc
5) Net weight in-kg
2.8 Operation
Hydraulic jacks transmit a small mechanical force through one small hydraulic cylinder to a
large hydraulic cylinder. This results in a large mechanical force exerted by the larger cylinder
(due to Pascals principle which states that the pressure in a closed system is the same
everywhere). This model uses a hand pump to power the smaller hydraulic cylinder. A circular
pipe transmits the hydraulic liquid from the smaller cylinder to the larger cylinder, with a check
valve to prevent backflow. The larger cylinder lifts a load. The mass of the load can be changed
to investigate the pressures generated in the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic cylinders get their power from pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is typically oil. The
cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, in which a piston connected to a piston rod is moving. The
barrel is closed by the cylinder bottom and by the cylinder head where the piston rod comes out
of the cylinder. The piston has sliding rings and seals. The piston divides the inside of the
cylinder in two chambers, the bottom chamber and the piston rod side chamber. The hydraulic
pressure acts on the piston to do linear work.
A hydraulic cylinder is the actuator or "motor" side of this system. The "generator" side of the
hydraulic system is the hydraulic pump that brings a fixed or regulated flow of oil into the
13

system. Mounting brackets or clevises are mounted to the cylinder bottom as well as the piston
rod. By pumping hydraulic oil to the bottom side of the hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod starts
moving upward. The piston pushes the oil in the other chamber back to the reservoir. If we
assume that the oil pressure in the piston rod chamber is zero, the force on the piston rod equals
the pressure in the cylinder times the piston area. If the oil is pumped into the piston rod side
chamber and the oil from the piston area flows back to the reservoir without pressure, the
pressure in the piston rod area chamber is Pull Force/(piston area - piston rod area). In this way
the hydraulic cylinder can both push and pull.

CHAPTER 3
WIPER MOTOR
Wiper Motor, the power source of the wiper blade, is the core of the whole wiper system.
Therefore, the quality of the wiper motor must be guaranteed to ensure its performance. The
wiper motor is a permanent-magnet direct current (DC) one. It is equipped on the front
windscreen glass with the mechanical parts of the worm gear. The worm gear functions to slow

14

down and increase torque. Its output shafts spur four-bar linkage, by which the movement is
changed from rotary to swinging

Figure 3.1: Wiper Motor

3.1 Description
Name:
Model Number:
Motor:
Voltage:
Power:
Application:
MOQ:
Weight:

DC Wiper Motor
ZD1530
Brush
12V
50W
SanatanCars,All Kind Of Mini.Trucks.Construction Machinery
100
1.3kg

Three-brush structure is adopted to make speed change more convenient. The intermittent relay,
by which the interval is controlled, utilizing the return of switch contacts and the chargedischarge function of the resistor-capacitor in the relay, drives the wiper to wipe in a certain
cycle. The wiper blade tape, the tool to clean the rainwater and the filth on the glass, presses the
surface of the glass with springs. Only when the tip of the blade is in a certain angle with the
glass, can the required function be realized.
3.2 Design
Windshield wipers are designed and made to clear water from a windshield. The wiper parts
visible from outside the car are the rubber blade, the wiper arm holding the blade, a spring
linkage, and parts of the wiper pivots. The wiper itself has up to six parts called pressure points
15

or claws that are small arms under the wiper. Although the rubber is the familiar part of the
blade, the blade actually includes a metal strip called a blade frame with a slot along the length
of the frame and replacement holes in the frame. A wiper and pivot are mounted on brackets at
both ends of a long rod called the connecting link, and, as the force from the motor push. Wiper
motor is a combination of 2 mechanical technologies to perform their tasks,

A combination electric motor and worm gear reduction provides power to the wipers

A neat linkage converts the rotational output of the motor into the back and forth motion

of the wipers.
Motor and Gear reduction: It takes a lot of force to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth
across the windshield so quickly. In order to generate this type of force, a worm gear is used on
the output of a small electric motor. The worm gear reduction can multiply the torque of the
motor by about 50 times, while slowing the output of the electric motor by 50 times as well. The
output of the gear reduction operates a linkage that moves the hydraulic jack plunger back and
forth. A short linkage of the wiper motor, the coming out power is utilized to actuate the jack
plunger.
3.3 Operation
The wiper dash switch is a grounding type switch, and therefore must be securely mounted.
This is controlled by two switches- a dash control switch and a parking switch located in wiper
motor gear box. The parking switch contacts are normally closed and are opened by a cam on the
gear when the wiper blades rotate. The ignition switch opens and closes the feed wire circuit to
the wiper. Therefore, it must be turned ON to operate wipers.

16

Figure 3.2: Operation of Wiper Motor

3.4 Powering the Motor
Voltage The standard voltage requirement for the wiper motor is 12 volts DC. The electrical
system in a running automobile usually puts out between 13 and 13.5 volts, so it's safe to say the
motor can handle up to 13.5 volts with no problem. Current The minimum required current for
the motor is 1.6 amps at 70 rpm, 0.9 amps at 41 rpm (and 4 amps if you elect to run it at 106 rpm
see note on the next page). These current ratings are for the motor spinning with no load. As you
add mechanical load, these numbers can increase dramatically, doubling or even tripling under a
heavy load.

17

Figure 3.3: Motor Circuit

When testing for torque, I found the motor to draw close to 14 amps in a stalled condition. This
factor must be taken into account when selecting a power supply. Since the motor will only use
what it needs when it comes to current, it's best to provide a source with a higher current rating
than you think you might need.

CHAPTER 4
RACK AND PINION
A rack and pinion gears system looks quite unusual. However, it is still composed of two gears.
The pinion is the normal round gear and the rack is straight or flat. The rack has teeth cut in
it and they mesh with the teeth of the pinion gear.
The pinion rotates and moves the rack in a straight line - another way of describing this is to say
rotary motion changes to linear motion.
18

Figure 4.1: Rack and Pinion

A good example of a rack and pinion gear system can be seen on trains that are designed to
travel up steep inclines. The wheels on a train are steel and they have no way of griping the steel
track. Usually the weight of the train is enough to allow the train to travel safely and at speed
along the track. However, if a train has to go up a steep bank or hill it is likely to slip backwards.
A rack and pinion system is added to some trains to overcome this problem. A large gear wheel
is added to the centre of the train and an extra track is, with teeth, called a rack is added to the
track. As the train approaches a steep hill or slope the gear is lowered to the track and it meshes
with the rack. The train does not slip backwards but it is pulled up the steep slope.
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert
rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages teeth on a linear
"gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the rack to move
relative to the pinion, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into linear motion.
For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railcar
engages a rack between the rails and forces a train up a steep slope.For every pair of conjugate
involute profile, there is a basic rack. This basic rack is the profile of the conjugate gear of
infinite pitch radius.

19

Figure 4.2: Rack and Pinion Arrangement

A generating rack is a rack outline used to indicate tooth details and dimensions for the design of
a generating tool, such as a hob or a gear shaper cutter.
4.1 Actuator
A rack and pinion with two racks and one pinion is used in actuators. An example is pneumatic
rack and pinion actuators that can be used to control valves in pipeline transport. The actuators in
the picture on the right are used to control the valves of large water pipeline. In the top actuator,
a gray control signal line can be seen connecting to a solenoid valve (the small black box
attached to the back of the top actuator), which is used as the pilot for the actuator. The solenoid
valve controls the air pressure coming from the input airline (the small green tube). The output
air from the solenoid valve is fed to the chamber in the middle of the actuator, increasing the
pressure. The pressure in the actuator's chamber pushes the pistons away. While the pistons are
moving apart from each other, the attached racks are also moved along the pistons in the opposite
directions of the two racks. The two racks are meshed to a pinion at the direct opposite teeth of
the pinion. When the two racks move, the pinion is turned, causing the attached main valve of
the water pipe to turn.
4.2 Steering
20

A rack and pinion is commonly found in the steering mechanism of cars or other wheeled,
steered vehicles. Rack and pinion provides a less efficient mechanical advantage than other
mechanisms such as recirculating ball, but less backlash and greater feedback, or steering "feel".
The mechanism may be power-assisted, usually by hydraulic or electrical means.
The use of a variable rack (still using a normal pinion) was invented by Arthur Ernest Bishop, in
the 1970s, so as to improve vehicle response and steering "feel," especially at high speeds. He
also created a low cost press forging process to manufacture the racks, eliminating the need to
machine the gear teeth.

CHAPTER 5
AIR COMPRESSOR
An air compressor is a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or gasoline
engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed air). By one of
several methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank, increasing the
pressure. When tank pressure reaches its upper limit the air compressor shuts off. The
21

compressed air, then, is held in the tank until called into use. The energy contained in the
compressed air can be used for a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of the air as
it is released and the tank depressurizes. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air
compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the tank.
5.1 Types of Air Compressor

5.2 Working Principle

Its easy to think of air compressors as a tool that is very common however, things were not like
that in the past. In fact not that long ago a compressor isnt something you would have found in a
workshop or factory.
Instead, tools used in the shop were powered by a centralized source which transferred the power
in various ways depending on the tool. Usually it was through a system of wheels, belts or drive
shafts. It was a large mechanical system that was way too bulky and way too expensive, and
therefore only available to professionals.
Nowadays we come across air compressors pretty much everywhere. Theyre common place in
gas stations where we generally use them to inflate tires. They can be found in factories,
workshops, even your local mechanic will make use of a tool like this.
22

Figure 5.1: DC Air Compressor

Power tools such as sanders, grinders, staplers, nail guns, spray guns, drills, impact wrenches,
and plenty of others are powered by them as well. You can also buy one for yourself online, at
your local hardware store, or home depot.
5.3 Description
Name
SKU
Brand
Material
Maximum Pressure (PSI)
Hose Length
Product Height
Product Length
Product Width
Shipping Weight
Accessories Included

12V 250 PSI Portable Inflator

4077
Pittsburgh Automotive
ABS
250 PSI
18 inch
4-7/8 inch
5-3/8 inch
2-7/8 inch
1.30 lb.
Two Nozzle adapter, Sport needle, Plug storage Slot

5.4 Function of Air Compressor

Of course, the biggest advantage of compressors over a centralized power source is their small
size, and the fact they dont require a massive motor. They are also quieter, more durable, and
some of them are highly portable. But, I am getting way ahead of myself because youre here to
find out how air compressors work.
23

Air compressors function based on a very simple principle. When the air is compressed, its
volume decreases whereas the pressure increases.
The most common way to achieve this is with the help of a reciprocating piston. There are
compressors which employ rotating impellers for the purpose of creating air pressure, but I will
discuss the different types in a separate article. Those which are built around a reciprocating
piston are more common, and if youre familiar with how internal combustion engines work, you
will know piston compressors function in a similar manner.
Each reciprocating piston compressor has a crankshaft, connecting rod, a piston, cylinder, and a
valve head. In order for the entire mechanism to work, you need power. Air compressors are
usually powered by electricity or gas depending on the model. Most compressors also have a
tank which is there to store compressed air for the purpose of keeping the air pressure within a
set range while powering various air tools.
At the top of every compressor cylinder there is a valve head that contains both the inlet and
discharge valve which are basically metal flaps. These open and close and are located on top of
the valve plate. When the piston moves down inside the cylinder in the space above the piston a
vacuum is created.

CHAPTER 6
CIRCUIT PROGRAMME
6.1 Electronic Circuit
An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors,
transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through
which electric current can flow. The combination of components and wires allows various simple
and complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified, computations can be
performed, and data can be moved from one place to another.
An electric circuit is a set of electrical components that are connected together in a loop with a
power source, that allows current (electrons) to flow through them. We've used them to great
24

effect, leading to a huge explosion in human progress. In the last century, we've created machines
to do much of our manual labor, found ways to communicate worldwide, and even put a human
on the Moon. Our world is completely different as a result.
Analog electronic circuits are those in which current or voltage may vary continuously with time
to correspond to the information being represented. Analog circuitry is constructed from two
fundamental building blocks: series and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, the same current
passes through a series of components.

Figure 6.1: Air Fill up in Tyre

A string of Christmas lights is a good example of a series circuit: if one goes out, they all do. In a
parallel circuit, all the components are connected to the same voltage, and the current divides
between the various components according to their resistance.
The basic components of analog circuits are wires, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and
transistors. (In 2012 it was demonstrated that memristors can be added to the list of available
components.) Analog circuits are very commonly represented in schematic diagrams, in which
wires are shown as lines, and each component has a unique symbol. Analog circuit analysis
employs Kirchhoff's circuit laws: all the currents at a node (a place where wires meet), and the
voltage around a closed loop of wires is 0. Wires are usually treated as ideal zero-voltage
interconnections; any resistance or reactance is captured by explicitly adding a parasitic element,
such as a discrete resistor or inductor. Active components such as transistors are often treated as
controlled current or voltage sources: for example, a field-effect transistor can be modeled as a
25

current source from the source to the drain, with the current controlled by the gate-source
voltage.

Figure 6.2: Program Circuit

6.2 Categorizing of Electric Circuit
There are different ways of categorizing electric circuits. One way is series versus parallel
circuits. A series circuit is a circuit where the components are connected in one continuous loop.
A parallel circuit is a circuit where the components are connected in separate branches. Most real
life circuits are combinations of these two concepts, since each type has advantages. When
something breaks in a series circuit, the whole circuit stops working. This doesn't happen with
parallel circuits. A series circuit can therefore be useful for safety features like fuses, but not so
useful for Christmas lights. Series circuits are also cheaper to produce.

26

Figure 6.3: Component of Electronic Circuit

Another way of classifying circuits is to separate them by power type: direct current (DC) or
alternating current (AC). Direct current is where the electricity flows in one direction.
Alternating current is where the electricity flows back and forth in both directions, usually
switching 60 times a second.
The current supplied by wall sockets is AC. There are a number of reasons for this: for example,
generating AC electricity is easier, and you can transfer it over long distances without losing as
much energy along the way. However, many devices, especially smaller ones, use DC current.
Sometimes when a device has a large box as part of its power cord, that's because it is converting
AC current into DC current. It's much easier to do this in your home on a small scale than at the
power station.
6.3 Working of Electronic Circuit
12V programmable air compressor automatically shuts off once desired pre-set air pressure is
reached, thereby avoiding accidental over inflation.

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Compressor provides quick and effortless inflation of vehicle and bicycle tires, sporting
equipment, and small inflatables Features a large, backlit digital display Flashing warning light
for emergency use Durable metal construction, with carry handles Direct drive motor inflates a
standard car tire (P195/65 R15) in approximately 4 minutes. Time may vary depending on
weather conditions 100 PSI / 12V.

CHAPTER 7
COST ANALYSIS

28

Sr.No.

Item

Quantity

Cost

Air Compressor

3000

Hydraulic Jack

3500

Timer Circuit

1000

Bridge Rectifier Circuit

500

Wiper Motor

4200

Pipe Vice

600

Rack And Pinion

1&1

800

12V Battery

4500

Scooter Wheel

1500

10

9V Battery

100

11

Wires

15 Mtr

75

12

Nuts And Bolts

20

50

13

Lead Screw

120

14

Misc.

500

15

Transportation

500

16

Total

20045

TOTAL COST FOR THIS PROJECT = Rs. 20045

CHAPTER 8
SCOPE OF PROJECT IN FUTURE

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This project is initiative to new but this is questioned about to aware the project is how
efficiently to future. This is generally care for disable person who drive the vehicle but not able
to maintenance them at low level problem so this is fully automated to work efficiently. In this
project automatic air compressor system is to be there which is imitated to know the reference
with the vehicle wheel by V gear and automated air fill up to the tyre when it drop up to level of
20 bar it automatically auto cut off at 30 bar. Bottle or hand jacks, came into wide spread
popularity during the early part of the 20th Century, paralleling the boom of the automobile
industry. They filled the immediate need of a small convenient device requiring only one person
to operate that could lift an automobile off the ground for servicing.
This is initially to encourage the technique in future which is not to manual.For applying load
lifting the vehicle by hydraulic Jack hand is operated with separate pumping unit and is wiper
motor. This Jack is portable and available in various capacities. The pumping unit is connected to
the hydraulic jack by means of a rigid connecting flat 0.5 meter long.

CONCLUSION

30

The main aim of this project is to implementation of hydraulic jack to a heavy vehicle; due to
these heavy loads on a vehicle the life the tire will be reduced. Whenever the vehicles is static
condition the vehicles exerts point load on tire due to this load the wear of the tire takes place. So
that the present of hydraulic jack increases the life of the tire and also it helps in reduction of
transportation cost. And also it helps the user for changing of tires whenever they were busted or
punctured. Hydraulic jack system is attached to automobile vehicle on front and rear part of the
chassis. An automobile hydraulic jack system can be easily attached to all currently manufacture
automobile chassis and frames. There is a front suspension hydraulic jack that is mounted
centrally to the front suspension of an automobile between its front wheels. There is also a rear
suspension hydraulic jack that is mounted centrally to therear suspension of the automobile
between its rear wheels. The system operates from a compressed fluid reservoirtank that has
connections for the front and rear car jack outlets. Additional outlets can be added to the
compressed fluid reservoir tank for connecting a hydraulic lug wrench and another for a tire
inflating hose.

REFERENCES

31

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-automated-jack-machine.htm

http://ezinearticles.com/?Various-hydraulic-jack-Available-in-the-Market&id=4340593

http://crusher.hnszmachine.com/Product/1.html?gclid=CLKl_vzs5LYCFQEu6wodR0

http://www.google.com/patents/US4062283
Automobile technology A System Approach Third Edition by JACK ERJAVEC
Automobile Engineering Vol. 2 By KRIPAL
IC Engine, Mathur and Sharma

INDIVIDUALS ROLE IN THE PROJECT

Contribution of each and every group member in one or other way is crucial for the completion
of the project. Moreover, it enhances the knowledge of the members which cannot be found in
32

the books. Learning and ability to think and solve small problem that are encountered in the
project making.
We are six team members in the project making. Each of the members is assigned task that he is
capable to do along with his interest in it. Considering the efforts required for the project
completion. We worked above our comfort zone with keen interest to complete the project as
soon as possible. The name of the team members is as enlisted on the front page of report.
Md Asghar Khalil was assigned the work to perform the analysis of our jack for its endurance
limit of weights that it has to bear. This was performed through software called Creo Simulate
2.0 The analysis played a crucial role for conforming the size and design of Automated
Hydraulic Jack with Air System.
Shailesh Kumar work on the part of design of project. This was performed through software
called Creo Parametric 2.0. Being wheeler it accounts for rotation of by help of rack and pinion.
The emphasis has been led to the condition that wiper motor not get the proper power.
Market research in favor and against the project, the buying and getting most of the project parts
was done by Mahip Dosi and Kushal Bansal. He was the one had good plans to provide
solutions as an alternative in case of shortage of raw material. It is his duty to immediately
arrange it.
Now the crucial part of the project making is fabrication. Pranau Kumar and Vijay Pal Singh
had an important role in fabricating the frame. This was the job which demands for even higher
number of person that works for fabrication. Seeing the deepness and requirement of the
situation, each of us worked exceeding hard to fabricate the automated hydraulic jack with air
system.

OUTCOME OF WORKING IN A GROUP

33

A team is simply a group of people who work together to achieve a common purpose,
Characteristic of effective team work include the ability to set aside the personal prejudices and
the willingness to take responsibility as a group.
Sense of Purpose
Team work is characterized by having a sense of purpose to achieve a clear, specific goal that all
members believe is important to attain. A team can be assigned to carry out a specific project,
such as seeking ways to improve profitability in small business. A team could also be assemble
to find the right candidate for job opening.
Competency
All team should consist of members who are capable of contributing to achievement of the goal
based on their level of knowledge or expertise. If a team is assigned the task of development of
an expense, budget, but one or more of the members has little or no budgeting experience. The
whole team will suffer as a result.
Cooperative spirit
A successful team contains a spirit of cooperation. All members need to work together to achieve
the specific goal. This can be difficult, especially if some members possess strong personalities
or are highly opinionated. Successful teams tend to have strong leaders who can keep everybody
on the same page while keeping the petty bickering to minimum.
Playing By the Rules
Team should also have a set of rules that determines its operating procedure. These rules help to
keep the team on track and eliminate ambiguities. For example, a team might have a rule that all
team members must agree on a decision before it can be implemented. This would require that
the team deliberate, much in way of a trial jury, until a consensus is reached.
Accountability
Teams must ultimately be held accountable as a whole for their failures as their successes. As a
business owner, this means you need to reward the team as a whole for its accountable for its
failure. Team leaders should foster an environment within the team where its members are free to
offer praise and criticism of other members within the idea that team results are what matters, not
individual contributions.

PHOTO CANOPY

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